Yuav ua li cas yog cov tshuaj? Yuav ua li cas yog cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm?

Tseem nyob rau hauv junior high school qhia cov me nyuam li cas cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib tug piv txwv yooj yim thiab piav qhia txog dab tsi yog qhov substance.

Lus Txhais ntawm lo lus "tshuaj"

Cias muab, lub tshuaj yuav tsum tau hu ua txhua yam dab tsi yog nyob rau hauv tej lub cev. Cov laus chav kawm ntawv ntawm tshuaj hu ua teeb meem uas yog lub cev lub cev, thiab nws muaj ib lub cev thiab tshuaj zog. Substance kuj hu ua ib tug sau ntawm atoms los yog molecules uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam lub xeev ntawm aggregation. Tag nrho cov tshuaj roos ib tug tej yam lub cev. Yeej peb tus ntoo khaub lig nrog nws khoom hauv lub xeev, nyob rau hauv uas tus hais tau tuav tus duab thiab kis. Tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj kua thiab gaseous tshuaj. Hais tias yog, dab tsi yog qhov tshuaj thiab lub cev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov keeb kwm? Lub cev yuav tsum tsim los ntawm qhov thiab vim tib neeg. Ordinary pob zeb uas tau dag nyob rau hauv lub roob, tsim los ntawm qhov, thiab mineral, yog tso rau hauv lub ntug zus nyob rau hauv lub laboratory - qhov no yog qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus txiv neej, dag lub cev. Tiam sis tag nrho tej yam uas yooj yim (qhov no yog tham txog yav tom ntej), tsim los ntawm cov xwm. Txawv mixtures muaj peev xwm twb tsim thiab cov neeg, tab sis lwm lub hauv paus yog tso cia los ntawm nws. Teb rau ib lo lus nug, yog dab tsi yog cov tshuaj thiab lub cev, peb yuav hais tias lawv muab faib ua tej yam ntuj tso thiab dag.

Hom ntawm tebchaw rau tus sis hais los yog rau lub xeev ntawm aggregation

Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog muab faib ua ob peb pab pawg raws li ntau yam yam ntxwv. Yog li, nws tseem tau mus tuab dab tsi yog qhov substance nyob rau hauv lub sib raug zoo ntawm tus hais. Muaj zog sis hais cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khib nyiab. Gases yuav luag tsis tsis muaj kev sis raug zoo. Kua khoom yog intermediate ntawm ib tug khoom thiab ib tug gaseous khoom - particle interface, tab sis tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas raws li nyob rau hauv cov khib nyiab. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse yog vim lub fact tias nyob nruab nrab ntawm tus hais hais tias ua li cov khoom, uas khoob, thiab nyob rau hauv cov khoom cov ntaub ntawv, cov kev ncua yog heev me me, tab sis lawv yog cov loj loj gaseous. Nyob rau tib lub pawg sib cais tshuaj kinetic zog uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv tus hais thiab lub peev xwm lub zog ntawm kev sis raug zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov dej, cov energies yog yuav luag piv. Prevails nyob rau hauv cov khib nyiab tej zaum zog nyob rau hauv gases, los ntawm contrast, kev tig tau. Lo lus teb rau lo lus nug, yog dab tsi yog cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm, yuav ua tau ib yam ntawm cov kev xaiv. Ib yam ntawm cov saum toj no tej yam kev mob los yog cov yam ntxwv muaj nyob ob leeg nyob rau cov khoom tsim los ntawm qhov, thiab nyob rau hauv tej yam uas muaj emerged li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tib neeg ua si.

Interestingly, lub tshuaj yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv txawv xeev. Yog li ntawd, qhov nyuaj piv txwv - nws yog dej. Thaum uas tsis muaj kub lub kua yog hloov mus rau hauv cov dej khov, mus rau hauv ib tug khoom. Thaum lub kub nce mus rau 100 degrees Celsius thiab mus txog cov dej los ntawm cov kua puv mus rau hauv roj.

Sib cais ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg

Nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS, ib yam khoom uas ua rau faib nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab pawg - yog ib tug neeg tshuaj thiab mixtures. Hais tias yog, dab tsi yog qhov tshuaj nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS? Ntxuav ua ntej, thiab tam sim no tus neeg tshuaj yog cov neeg uas tsis tau muab faib mus rau hauv me me qhov chaw, lawv yog inseparable. Mixtures ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog tib yam, nyob rau hauv cov qauv muaj ob peb yam. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws zoo nkaus li tias lub sib tov yuav muaj xws li ob peb tug neeg tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv lem, tus neeg tshuaj yuav ua tau yooj yim los yog txoj. Tej yam yooj yim - nws yog ib yam tshuaj uas muaj atoms ntawm tsuas yog ib qho tshuaj caij, ib tug complex - ntawm ob peb: ob los yog ntau tshaj. Tej yam yooj yim yog hu ua elementary thiab complex tshuaj - compound.

Raws li hais yav tas los, lub sib tov muaj ob peb lub ntshiab tshuaj thiab nyob rau hauv no hais txog lawv muab faib ua homogeneous thiab nonhomogeneous, los yog txhua yam mixtures thiab cov kev daws. Ib tug piv txwv yooj yim ntawm hom ntawm cov kab mob yog cov tshuaj - qhov no yog qhov ib txwm tshuaj yej. Nws muaj ob los yog peb lub Cheebtsam - dej, tshuaj yej nplooj thiab qab zib. Qab Zib uniformly muab tso rau hauv dej thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua mus ntes, tab sis mus saj. Tab sis yog hais tias tus tshuaj yej ncuav ib tug ntau ntawm cov piam thaj, thiab nws tsis yaj kiag li, ces nws yuav yog ib cov neeg kho tshuab sib tov. Ib feem ntawm kev daws ntawm qab zib, thiab ib txhia yuav pw rau hauv qab. Vim hais tias ntawm no, thiab cov tshuaj yej kuaj rau hauv lub Upper txheej yuav txawv me ntsis rau hauv qab nws yuav sweeter, thiab rau sab saum toj - nyob rau ntawm lub kawg. Sib tov sib xyaw kuj yuav ib lub tsev nws xuab zeb thiab qab zib. Cov hais yog sib tov ua ke, lawv yuav tsis yooj yim cais, tab sis lawv ostanutsyas ntawm lawv lub zog thiab tsis txhob tsim tshiab kev sib txuas.

Organic thiab inorganic tshuaj

Rau cov lus nug, yog dab tsi yog cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm, yuav tau teb: organic thiab inorganic. Puas muaj inorganic yam khoom uas yuav tsim tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm ib tug nyob kab mob thiab uas tsis yog-nyob xwm. Organic khoom diametrically oppositely - nws yog tsim rau cov kev pab los ntawm ib tug sia thiab yog ib feem ntawm lub sia nws tus kheej. Piv txwv ntawm inorganic tshuaj yog dua zoo-paub rau tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau thiab xws li dej yog tsim nyog rau lub neej, raws li cov huab cua, namely oxygen, ntau yam mineral ntsev. Organic ntaub ntawv muaj xws li cov rog, carbohydrates, pigments, proteins. Nws yog funny tias ib tug seem ntawm no hom twb nqa tawm ntawm zaum txog lub neej beings li ib tug tshwj xeeb organic tebchaw, thiab tag nrho lwm yam khoom ntawm tswg xwm tau qhab nia rau mus rau lub inorganic. Raws li nws muab tawm, nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev ib tug ntau ntawm inorganic tshuaj, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tej tsiaj nyob rau hauv ntiaj chaw.

Ib tug txawv feature ntawm lub organic teeb meem yuav tsum tau xav hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ib tug carbon. Feem ntau cov inorganic tshuaj muaj ib tug siab melting thiab kub taw tes organics - vice versa.

Sib cais ntawm cov hluav taws cov kev cai

Nws yog nthuav tias cov nqe lus nug, yog dab tsi yog cov tshuaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv, ib tug firefighter yog yuav mus rau teb - combustible thiab uas tsis yog-combustible. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv, muaj cov tseem inflammable tshuaj uas yuav ntes cov hluav taws yog tias muaj qhov raug nplaim taws, tab sis yog tias koj tshem tawm cov qhov chaw, nws mus tawm. Raws li, qhov combustible tshuaj los yog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm ntawm burning thaum raug rau ib tug twg los, thiab tej zaum yuav txawm txais taws zoo. Tsis-flammable yam khoom uas yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm burning nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Yog xav paub ntxiv rau qhov no, tag nrho cov me nyuam kawm tshooj zog tiv thaiv los yog lub neej muaj kev ruaj ntseg.

Cov nyhuv rau tib neeg lub cev

Tag nrho cov tshuaj pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm, yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg thiab zoo. Tej yuav muab suav hais tias cov neeg uas twb tau hais saum toj no - burning. Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev piam sij? Lawv muaj peev xwm ua mob tib neeg noj qab haus huv, uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub hearth hluav taws. Nws yuav ua tau ib lub cev ua rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij: kub hnyiab, los yog tej yam nyob rau hauv lub hauv nruab nrog cev los ntawm cov pa ib ntsuj av. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev ib tug tsis zoo feem tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kev haus luam yeeb. Kev haus luam yeeb tsis yog tsuas yog haus luam yeeb khoom, uas muaj ib tug ntau ntawm lub npe hu teeb meem tshuaj rau tib neeg lub cev, tab sis kuj cov tshuaj.

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm cov tshuaj

Tsis tag nrho cov tshuaj yog npaum li cas los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj txhaj mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, nqus raws li ib tug hmoov los ntawm lub qhov ntswg los yog noj raws li ib tug ntsiav tshuaj. Tiam sis tag nrho cov neeg uas lawv muaj kev phiv, txawm lub fact tias ua ntej nws yuav coj ib tug nkag siab muaj kev xyiv fab thiab kev zoo siab, elation, los yog txawm ib co tsi zoo ntxim. Tag nrho cov ntawm cov teebmeem yog cov luv luv-nyob, tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias teeb meem los ntawm lawv yuav twv yuav raug hu kav ntev npaum li cas, lawv paub txhua yam.

tshawb pom

Yog hais tias koj thov kom ib tug me nyuam: "Qhia rau kuv, dab tsi yog qhov yam thiab cov ntaub ntawv, muab ib qho piv txwv," nws yuav muaj ib tug ntau ntawm txawv teb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog tus menyuam kawm ntawv, hais tias tib tshuaj yuav muaj mus rau ob peb hom uas tau raug teev tseg saum toj no, distinguished los ntawm tej yam ntxwv. Los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas heev hnub nyoog ntawm kev paub txog dab tsi yog qhov tshuaj uas yuav nthuav li txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov kev kawm.