Tsim, Zaj dabneeg
Teb Kosovo. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kosovo rau hli ntuj 15, 1389
Bout ntawm Kosovo yog ib tug loj sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub neej coj rog ntawm Serbia thiab Bosnian lub nceeg vaj nrog Sultan Murad kuv thiab Turkish tub rog. Nws tshwm sim rau hli ntuj 15, 1389. Kosovo Polje yog nyob ze niaj hnub Pristina. Lawv sib cais los ntawm 5 kilometers. Sib ntaus coj hnyav losses rau ob sab.
ua ntej
Ib tug loj drawback ntawm lub Serbian nceeg vaj yog hais tias nws puas tau mus rau hauv ob peb me me thiab cov chaw uas yog tas li nyob rau txawv nrog txhua lwm yam. Nws yog tsuas ntuj hais tias lawv twb tsis tau ua yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Serbian thiab Albanian princes, tsim ib coalition nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm tub huabtais Lazar Hrebelyanovicha, xav txwv los ntawm lub Ottoman pab tub rog.
Kosovo yog ib tug central ib feem ntawm Serbian pawg neeg thaj av. Nws yog tus kev tshuam ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb tseem khiav, uas qhib rau cov Turks ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev kev tsiv ntxiv mus rau hauv lub Serbian pawg neeg thaj av. Ntawm no thiab muaj ib qho kev tseem ceeb sib ntaus sib tua.
Murad kuv leem txoj kev ntawm no los ntawm cov pawg neeg thaj av ntawm lawv cov vassals nyob rau hauv Macedonia.
rog ntawm ob tog
Ottoman troops suav txog 27-40 txhiab. Txiv neej. Cov muaj lub Janissaries (2-5 thous. Pers.), Tus neeg caij tsheb ntawm lub Sultan tus kheej khwb (2.5 txhiab. Pers.), Sipahi (6 txhiab. Pers.), Thiab AZAPO Akinci (20 ths.) Thiab Warriors ntawm vassal lub xeev ( 8 th.).
Tub huabtais Lazar Hrebelyanovich coj ib pab tub rog ntawm 12-33 txhiab. Cov tub rog.
Tub huabtais ncaj qha subordinated rau 12-15 txhiab. Txiv neej. Vuk Brankovic coj lub 5-10 txhiab. Cov neeg. Cov tib tooj ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm cov Bosnian nobleman Vlatko Vukovic. Pab tus Serbs muaj lub knights los ntawm Hungary thiab Poland. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv tau tuaj mus rau tus cawm ntawm lub Hospitallers - lub Knights ntawm St. John. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub Serbian pab tub rog units los ntawm Bosnia (xa Tvrtko I), Wallachian, Bulgarian, Croatian thiab Albanian tiv thaiv.
Cov tsis muaj zog point yog tus tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm lub Serbian Army Central hais kom ua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tub rog tau tsis balanced nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg. Infantry tsis zoo them nyob rau hauv hnyav cavalry armor. Cov yav tas tshwm sim tawm lub ib thooj ntawm cov tub rog.
Lub Serbs tsis muaj cov tub rog kev ua lub Turkish tub rog, uas rau 30 xyoo yog yeej nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua.
sib ntaus sib tua
Kosovo teb - ib qho chaw uas nco txog lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub rau hli ntuj 15, 1389. Nyob rau hnub no, cov tub rog coj los ntawm tub huabtais Lazar Hrebelyanovicha txwv ntawm cov tub rog, uas yog ho siab tshaj nyob rau hauv xov tooj. Cov nkauj ntawm Serbia hais tias cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawd kub ntev li rau peb hnub.
Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub Ottoman Murad kuv coj Turkish pab tub rog, tub huabtais Bayazid coj hais kom ua ntawm txoj cai tis, thiab tub huabtais Yakub - sab laug. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev nyob rau lub flanks twb 100 archers. Janissaries occupies ib tug central txoj hauj lwm, raws li los ntawm cov tub rog lub khwb yog Sultan.
Lazar tub huabtais txib qhov chaw, txoj cai flank coj Vuk Brankovic, thiab Vlatko Vukovic - sab laug. Tag nrho pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Serbian pab tub rog coj hnyav cavalry, nees archers nyob rau lub flanks.
Kom muab cov hoob kawm ntawm cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv Kosovo, hauv daim ntawv qhia tau hais meej qhia rau qhov chaw ntawm pab tub rog.
Tu siab, nyob rau hauv Serbian thiab Turkish qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov sib ntaus sib tua li contradictory uas historians yuav tsis recreate lub sib ntaus sib tua. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias thawj rushed mus rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua lub Serbs, dua li cov zauv superiority ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Cavalry npoo nkag mus hauv lub Turkish txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws pib shelling Serb txaus Turkish archers. Serbs tsoo los ntawm sab laug flank ntawm lub Ottoman tub rog. Cov yav tas raug kev txom nyem hnyav losses. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab nyob rau hauv txoj cai flank yog tsis xws kev vam meej. Tom qab ib co sij hawm, lub Serbian pab tub rog tau muaj peev xwm los thawb ib co ntawm cov Turks nyob rau hauv lub center. Muaj txoj cai flank ntawm lub Ottoman tub rog nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm tub huabtais Bayezid sai sai tsiv mus rau cov txee, thawb lub Serbs, kev soj ntsuam txog ib tug loj heev tshuab rau infantry. Tom qab ib co sij hawm, lub Serbian kws muaj txuj ci Corps yog tawg, yog li nws pib thim rov qab.
Ib qho yooj yim Turkish cavalry tau sai ntaus los ntawm ib tug counterattack. Lub infantry mus rau Serb armored horsemen. Tus thawj cavalry tswj kom ntxeev.
Tsis muaj commanders ...
Vuk Brankovic, txuag nws pab tub rog tawm ntawm lub teb Kosovo. Nws ua tau muab ntxiv rau sib txawv txhais. Ib txhia ntseeg hais tias tus Vuk cawm nws cov tub rog. Lwm tus yog ntseeg hais tias nws retreated rau kev ntshai ntawm poob tag nrho nws pab tub rog. Tab sis cov neeg ntseeg tau hais tias tus tub huabtais muab Laxalau, nws txiv nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj. Vlatko Vukovic coj cov remnants ntawm nws pab tub rog, thiab Laxalau units.
Tub huabtais Lazar raug ntes thiab tua nyob rau tib hnub.
Serbian Voevoda Milosh Obilic muaj peev xwm mus txeem lub Turkish camp, hais tias nws tus kheej ib tug defector. Nws muaj peev xwm tua cov Ottoman Sultan thaum pib ntawm kev sib ntaus. Murad Milos stabbed nrog ib tug riam, tab sis kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub Sultan tsis cia nws mus.
Bayezid kuv tam sim no hau lub Turkish tub rog. Sai li sai tau raws li nws kawm dab tsi tau tshwm sim, tus tub huabtais xa ib tug tub txib mus rau nws tus tij laug Jakub. Cov tsab ntawv tau hais tias cov Sultan Murad muab tshiab txiav txim. Thaum tuaj txog Yakub rau Bayazid, nws twb strangled. Tam sim no tub huabtais Bayazid yog tib tug txais ntawm Murad.
tsis muaj winners
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kosovo nyob rau hauv 1389 xwb thawm xyoo coj yeej mus rau lub Turks. Tab sis lub battlefield yog tsis tau txais tsis muaj leej twg. Txawm tias Serbs thiab poob ib tug incredibly muaj zog tus nrog sib ntaus, tab sis lawv pom ib tug xav ua kom tau lub siab tawv. Qhov no tau coj mus rau loj loj losses ntawm lub Turks. Lawv yuav tsis tseem sib ntaus, li ntawd sai sai rov qab mus rau sab hnub tuaj, tsis nco qab lub Kosovo teb.
Sib ntaus sib tua coj mus rau cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm legends. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog hais txog mus rau lub fact tias cov commanders ntawm lub pab tub rog raug tua ua ntej lub sib ntaus sib tua lawm. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv tsis paub txog lub sij hawm ntawm qhov sib ntaus sib tua. Cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov neeg tuag sai sai overgrown nrog legends.
Piv txwv li, muaj ntau ntau lub versions ntawm yuav ua li cas Sultan Murad raug tua. Ib tug ntawm lawv pab leg ntaubntawv hais tias nws raug tua los ntawm ib tug Serb tub rog nyob rau hauv nws caj npab, ua piv txwv yuav tuag. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub Serbian keeb kwm yuav nrhiav tau cov lus qhia ntxiv. Cov hauj lwm version yog hais tias nws raug tua los ntawm tub huabtais Milos Obilic. Muaj yog ib tug kev lig kev cai hais tias nws coj tus txiav txim ntawm St. George. Qhov no lub zej lub zos muaj raws li nws cov aim tus tua ntawm Sultan.
Lub txim ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kosovo
Serbia tau muaj kev tswj los mus khaws nws kev ywj siab, tab sis lub losses tom qab qhov kev sib ntaus heev siab. Thiab nws muab ib lub sij hawm ntev yuav tsa ib tug tshiab cov tub rog. Tom qab ib co sij hawm, lub Ottoman tub rog rov qab thiab kov yeej Serbia - nyob rau hauv 1459. Thiab ces kuv mus nyob rau yuav luag mus txog Vienna. Koom lub Serbian pawg neeg thaj av mus rau lub Ottoman Empire kom txhob cov nom tswv thiab nyiaj txiag txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws. Ib tug kev loj hlob Serbs thaum kawg muab.
Tub huabtais Bayezid, uas tau tam sim no ua tus Sultan, ntawm chav kawm, yog ib qho zoo heev commander. Nws yog zoo dua lub npe hu ua Bayazid xob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub sab hauv txoj nws siv tsis nyiam nws tus txiv. Tus tshiab sultan nres rau ntawm lub kov yeej ib cheeb tsam ntawm yuam assimilation. Local tub ceev xwm pib tswj lub xeev.
Swb raws li ib tug yeej
Keeb kwm ntawm Kosovo pom tias tsis tau kev tsov rog thiab tsi muaj tub rog yuav tsa lub teb chaws ntsuj plig thiab nco ntsoov rau tib neeg. Thiab txawm tias thaum lub Turks 300 xyoo uas los ntawm lub Serbian pawg neeg thaj av, tus Serbs twb tau khaws cia lawv lub teb chaws yog leej twg. Ntxiv mus, lawv muaj kev tswj kom Orthodoxy, thaum lawv cov neeg nyob ze Albanians yuav luag en masse rau Islam.
Ib txhia historians ntseeg tau hais tias yog hais tias tus Turks twb yeej xwb, nws yuav leeb lub conquest ntawm lub Balkans. Thiab txoj kev tuag ntawm Sultan Murad thiab zoo kawg kam mus rau lub South Slavs muab lawv lub sij hawm los mus khaws lawv cov haiv neeg thiab kev ntseeg. Teb chaws Europe yog tsis raug yuav ua li cas kuv yuav. Kosovo, Serbia raws li ib tug tag nrho, coj nyob rau ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm tej yam.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua rau lub Serbs
Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov Serbs yeej, cov sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv 1389 yog qho tseem ceeb heev. Nws tseem ceeb cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub unification ntawm uas twb muaj lawm Serbian principalities. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Kosovo teb - ib qho chaw qhov twg lub keeb kwm ntawm ib tug ib lub xeev ntawm Serbia pib. Muaj ntau soj ntsuam ntawm ceg tias qhov no sib ntaus sib tua yog ib yam ntawm cov feem ntau tsis paub thiab to taub tsis tau. Nws yog feem ntau sib cav hais tias zaj dab neeg tsim legends thiab speculation, paub tseeb hais tias qhov chaw ntawm lub XIV caug xyoo.
Serbian historians ntseeg tau hais tias chiv muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm variations ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kosovo. Nrog lub sij hawm, lawv merged mus rau hauv ib tug.
Yog vim li cas zaj dab neeg tau los ua ib tug dab neeg?
Nws yog tau hais tias lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg yog tsim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav cuam tshuam lub cim ntawm Serbs. Cov dab neeg no yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub biblical zaj dabneeg. Tub huabtais Lazar yog feem ntau yog muab piv rau Yexus Khetos.
Kev cai dab qhuas vim li cas kuj nyob rau hauv cov lus dab neeg. Lub duration ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua - 3 hnub, ces peb yuav kos ib thaum uas tig mus nrog cov Khaublig. Thiab txoj kev tuag ntawm yuav luag tag nrho Serbian pab tub rog martyr.
Yog li ntawd, yuav luag tag nrho cov pej xeem zaj nkauj thiab epic hu nkauj Warriors li martyrs. Ib tug ntau dua tus nqi ntawm Serbia tau ua lub crown ntawm martyrdom, t. E. Qhov tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv sab ntsuj plig lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej xwm, ces tus Serbs thiab xav tias zoo li winners. Thiab no lawm yog muab los ntawm kev tshoov siab rau hauv lub neej ntawm ib tug tshiab tiam.
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