IALA (International Association ntawm Lighthouse ceev xwm): floating, sab, cardinal tej yam tshwm sim

Niaj hnub no, lub zog ntawm cov tsheb yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev kawm: av, huab cua thiab lub hiav txwv. Raws li rau cov av thauj thiab marine ua hauj lwm ib tug system ntawm kev cai thiab kev tshwm sim uas tswj lawv lub zog thiab ua kom zoo khiav dej rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus raws.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug system IALA?

IALA (International Association of Tubrog nkoj Aids thiab Lighthouse ceev xwm) - ib tug unified system ntawm kev ruaj fencing, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1957 los xyuas kom meej qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub zog ntawm cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv high seas. Nws muaj ob peb hom ntxawg tej yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv dej, thiab lwm yam navigational khoom tiv thaiv kom txhob raug mob nyob rau hauv lub maritime qhov chaw thiab lub preservation ntawm vaj tse mus hlab ntsha.

hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm IALA

Cov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus yog IALA spatial sib cais ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus dej hiav txwv notional axis - lub ntsiab channel (channel). Mus rau sab laug ntawm lub fairway maritime chaw hu ua thaj av A, thiab muaj txoj cai - lub cheeb tsam B. Lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lawv txawv nyob rau hauv cov xim designations rau navigational pab (Cho). Piv txwv li, lub cheeb tsam A yog muab liab, thiab B rau hauv lub cheeb tsam - ntsuab. Rau txhua reference taw tes marine chaw pib rau cov kev taw qhia txog lub ntsiab channel (tshwj tsis yog rau ib co neeg mob).

IALA system yog kuj raws li nyob rau hauv cov nram no txhaum cai hauv paus ntsiab lus:

• Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus naj npawb ntawm cov Cho yuav tsum tau rau cov muaj kev ruaj ntseg navigation ntawm hiav txwv-mus tsheb.
• IALA Floating tej yam tshwm sim yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub txog nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti xim ntawm cov teeb nyob rau hauv lawv, thiab cov zaus ntawm lub flashes, thiab nyob rau hauv lub nruab hnub - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab xim ntawm cov sab saum toj cov nuj nqis.
• Xim teeb (dawb, ntsuab thiab liab) mas nws txawv rau ntau hom kev navigation qhab nia thiab muaj ntau lub ntsiab.
• Nrog rau lub navigational muaj mob muaj nkees, muab tej yam tshwm sim loog zoo thiab tau txais mus rau hauv ib qho kev huam yuaj thiab wrecks.

International Association ntawm Lighthouse ceev xwm siv kev cai ntawm maritime navigation nrog kev pab los ntawm lub tsib hom floating tej yam tshwm sim:

1. Lateral.
2. Cardinal.
3. Tshwj xeeb.
4. Axis.
5. Tej yam tshwm sim fencing ib tug neeg muaj mob muaj nkees.

lateral tias

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub tom ntej hom qhab nia, sab muaj tus yam ntxwv xim, zoo meej rau cov cheeb tsam A thiab B. Yog li ntawd, lub sab cheeb tsam thiab cov cim yog xim liab, thiab hauv lub cheeb tsam B yog pleev xim rau ntsuab.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov navigation pab - npav rau ib thaj tsam ntawm cov lus tsa suab txoj kev. Tshaaj raws longitudinal canals, waterways thiab lwm yam marine thiab dej tsiv (uas muaj cov ib thaj tsam) uas sawv cev rau ib tug txaus ntshai rau tsheb.

Lateral system navigation cim nuj nqis muaj ib tug cylindrical los yog conical zoo.

Lateral fairway tej yam tshwm sim yog ua raws li txoj ntsiab cai ntawm txoj cai thiab sab laug. Yog li, yog hais tias peb tsiv mus nyob rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub hiav txwv, nyob rau txoj cai muaj yog buoys los yog landmarks nrog ntsuab nyob rau hauv lub saum toj ntawm ib sab saum toj daim duab - daim duab peb sab (tej zaum tsim yog complemented los ntawm ib tug flashing ntsuab hluav taws). Lub sab laug yog qhia los ntawm cov nuj nqis nyob rau hauv liab duab plaub thiab ib tug liab hluav taws nyob rau hauv sab saum toj.

Lateral tias yog siv tsis tsuas mus rau ntsiab rau ib thaj tsam ntawm lub hiav txwv thiab dej hoob kawm, tab sis kuj rau lub sib cais ntawm cov dej channel nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav paub ua ntej. Yog li, liab tej yam tshwm sim nrog ib tug broad ntsuab stripe cia rau hauv nruab nrab, thiab tau ntxiv topmark (lub tog raj kheej) thiab liab hluav taws yuav txhais hais tias lub ntsiab fairway mus rau sab xis. Conversely, ntsuab milestone / ntab nrog ib tug liab stripe thiab ib tug ntsuab daim duab peb sab ntawm sab saum toj ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab yog txhais raws li ib tug cim ntawm lub fact tias lub ntsiab fairway - nyob rau sab laug.

cardinal tej yam tshwm sim

Qhov no system ntawm navigation tias yog siv los xa mus rau cov kev piam sij thiab obstacles rau lub zog ntawm lub hiav txwv los dej thauj, thiab kuj qhia tau hais tias uas sab mus rau bypass qhov kev nyab xeeb.

Tej yam tshwm sim muaj columnar zoo nyob rau hauv cov xim dub thiab daj nrog ob dub cov vajvoos peb sab thiab tej zaum kuj nrog dawb tua hluav taws saum toj no. Embodiments arrangement ntawm cov xim dub thiab daj kab txaij, cov vajvoos peb sab thiab kuj txawv nyob ntawm lub hom radical kos npe rau.

Muaj teev nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug nrhiav ntawm kev txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv lub cardinal cov ntsiab lus. Yog li, lub cardinal tej yam tshwm sim raug muab faib ua 4 hom: sab qaum teb (nyob sab qaum teb ntawm cov kev txaus ntshai), sab qab teb (los ntawm lub South), West (sab hnub poob), sab hnub tuaj (mus rau sab hnub tuaj). Pom ib tug ntawm lawv, tus neeg tsav tsheb ntawm cov hlab yuav tsum tau ib tug uas yuav nyob rau sab ntawm lub teeb uas nws belongs pab rau navigation. Uas yog, yog tias muaj ib tug sab qab teb cardinal kos npe rau, nws yog tsim nyog los bypass qhov kev nyab xeeb los ntawm sab qab teb sab.

Tej yam tshwm sim tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj

Mus rau ntsiab tej cheeb tsam los yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb floating tej yam tshwm sim. Piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm tus cim tshwj xeeb: qhov chaw sib cais zog pob tseg hauv av pipeline los yog ib tug cable kev twb kev txuas, ib tug tub rog cheeb tsam, polygon, qhov chaw ntawm kev nuv ntses iav, Anchorages, etc ...

Floating tej yam tshwm sim muaj peev xwm yuav muaj zoo, muab ib tug unified navigation system nyob rau hauv lub dej ib puag ncig. Yam ntxwv tej yam tshwm sim ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov xim - daj, raws li siv topmark ntoo khaub lig nkhaus los yog tsab ntawv "x". Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub teeb liab teeb rau lawv koj yuav saib tau lub teeb daj.

Number of tshaaj tej yam tshwm sim nyob rau qhov tseem ceeb thiab loj ntawm lub cheeb tsam los yog yam khoom. Rau ib tug me me kwv yog muab tso rau ib tug tshwj xeeb cim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov kwv, thiab yog hais tias koj xav xaiv ib tug haum tseem ceeb cheeb tsam yog qhov chaw ntawm tshwj xeeb cim rau lub hauv paus ntawm tus puag ncig txoj lw.

axial tej yam tshwm sim

Axial kos npe rau, los yog raws li nws yog hu ua, dej huv cim qhia rau navigator uas yog nyob ib ncig ntawm tus kwv dej hauv cheeb tsam, kev ruaj ntseg rau navigation, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws yog hais txog mus rau lub fairway axis thiab qhia kev ruaj ntseg thiab thaum kawg.

Lub navigation system muaj xws li 3 IALA daim ntawv axial tej yam tshwm sim: kheej, lub tog raj kheej, thiab ib tug milestone. Txheej yog qho txheej txheem ntsug ib daim hlab ntawm liab thiab dawb xim. Thaum lub saum toj yog ib sab saum toj daim duab - pob liab liab thiab flashing lub teeb dawb xim.

Tej yam tshwm sim fencing ib tug neeg muaj mob muaj nkees

Yuav kom xaiv tej yam underwater khoom uas txaus ntshai rau lub nkoj mus, siv tiv thaiv floating tej yam tshwm sim. Cov navigation cuab yeej txhais hais tias ntau yam ntawm obstacles tsuas yog ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub kos npe rau, thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cev ntawm cov dej yog zoo rau lub zog ntawm hiav txwv thiab dej thauj. Rau cov qeb ntawm xaiv muaj mob muaj nkees muaj xws li: underwater pob zeb, qhov seem ntawm tus wreck, dej ntiav ntiav.

navaid pab pawg neeg sawv cev nuj nqis columnar los yog conical zoo nrog ib tug dav puag (milestones), coloring dub nrog ib tug los yog ntau tshaj kab rov tav liab kab txaij. Lub sab saum toj daim duab - ob dub pob, txheej txheem ntawm ib tug saum toj no rau lwm yam.