Hluav Taws teeb meem cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov. Kev txiav txim ntawm lub Federal Forestry Agency ntawm lub Xya hli ntuj 5, 2011 N 287 "Nyob rau kev pom zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub teeb meem kev faib ntawm tej yam ntuj tso forests"

Hluav taws kub uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv hav zoov, ua tim rau ib tug txaus ntshai kev puas tsuaj. Lub hav zoov hluav taws kub tua ntau cov ntoo txhua xyoo txom nyem los ntawm cov kab, noog, tsiaj txhu. Hlawv tag nrho lub zos thiab rau outskirts ntawm zos. Feem ntau muaj cov mob ntawm tsis ntawm lub neej. Tsis hais cov ib puag ncig muaj kev puas tsuaj. Tom qab tag nrho, forests yog cov "ntsws" ntawm peb ntiaj chaw.

Wildfire los mus sai heev, kis tau nrog xob ceev thiab yauv tiav los yog ib nrab kev puas tsuaj ntawm loj heev qhov chaw ntawm lub hav zoov. Muaj ntau thaum cov hluav taws kub nyob rau hauv Russia kis mus rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Mongolia. Control caij yog heev yooj yim, yog li ntawd, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov koom haum uas yog koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm thiab saib xyuas cov hav zoov hluav taws kub. Tsis tas li ntawd tej tshuaj los ntawm quenching, thiab yog hom hav zoov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub scale.

Yog vim li cas muaj hluav taws kub nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov?

Tej zaum hluav taws kub tshwm sim vim cov tib neeg zoo tshaj: so nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov txawb ib tug luam yeeb taub qab rau cov nroj tsis nco qab lawm los yog kiag li tua qhov hluav taws kub. Txawm tso tseg iav raj mis yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci zoo li ib tug lens, zes qhuav nyom thiab ua hav zoov hluav taws kub. Rau neeg ua hauj lwm ntxawm nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws cai nrog hluav taws kev ruaj ntseg cov kev cai, raws li lawv muaj feem ntau siv los ntawm roj thiab lubricants rau machinery.

Nyob rau hauv lub teb tom qab sau yog nyom, uas yog feem ntau, kub tuag. Nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog cua qhov hluav taws kub tej zaum yuav kis tau mus rau lub hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub offing. Tej zaum cov neeg nyob rau cov nyob ze lub zos muaj peev xwm hlawv khib nyiab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw qhov twg peat bogs nyob underground. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug txhob txwm riam phom ntawm hav zoov ua lag luam, uas tom qab cia siab rau nws tej.

Muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej yam ntuj tso ua ntawm hav zoov hluav taws kub. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj qhuav kub nyob rau hauv lub hnub yuav zes dryness los yog tshwm sim txawj combustion ntawm peat bogs. Thaum lub sij hawm ib tug loj heev cua daj cua dub los ntawm hluav taws xob rau lub teeb li cov ntoo. Nyob rau hauv hluav taws kub ntawm lawv tso nyiaj rau txog 8% ntawm tag nrho cov tawm tej qeeg.

Txoj kev rau tebchaws hluav taws kub

Ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj txoj kev los saib xyuas cov hav zoov hluav taws kub yog ib tug satellite keb soj ntsuam los ntawm qhov chaw, yees duab nyob rau hauv infrared teeb cheeb tsam. Lawv qhia muaj zog teb ntawm kub, uas muaj peev xwm qhia cov kev ua qhov hluav taws kub tsam. Cov ntaub ntawv ua yog ua los ntawm txoj electronics. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov satellite yuav tau cov lus qhia ntxiv txog cov huab cua tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam tshawb fawb, lub dag lub zog thiab kev coj ntawm cov cua. Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab 4 lub sij hawm ib hnub twg.

Tej zaum ib tug pab chaw nyob rau cov kev pab los mus rau lub American lug txhawb cov miv los yog mus rau tus tswv ntawm private satellites. Lawv raug coj raws nraim, tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, kim kim. Tsis tas li ntawd tsis yog ib zoo txhais cheeb tsam ntawm hluav taws, raws li circumscribed lub voj voog ntawm loj inch. Cov neeg ntawm nrhiav kom tau tsis pub loj smokiness chaw uas zoo heev. Yuav kom zoo kos tus cim rau thaj tsam ntawm hluav taws los mus txiav txim lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov hluav taws, koj yuav tsum tau txuas lwm txoj kev.

Raws li ib tug ntxiv txhais tau tias los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm yuav hu ua los ntawm lub keb soj ntsuam ntawm cov hav zoov huab cua thauj. Muaj tam sim no kuj siv drones uas huab cua ua lub video cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv hav zoov tsim soj posts. Qhov no ntauwd, sawv ntawm ib tug deb ntawm ib tug ob peb kilometres ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Rau lawv, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus nrhiav cov observers, video koob yees duab yog ntsia thiab txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus. Tiam sis ntawm no muaj cov neeg ua muaj teeb meem, raws li tus xov tooj ntawm foresters txiav, thiab tshuav cov neeg uas cia li tsis tau lub cev muaj sij hawm los sau txaus ntaub ntawv. Thiab cov koob yees duab yog qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug coj xwb, tab sis nws tsis yeej ib txwm nyob rau cov miv nyuas. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv kev soj siv cellular yees, uas muab nws lub koob yees duab thiab sensors, uas qhia qhov kev nce nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub, cua sov imagers.

heev

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Federal Forestry Agency ntawm lub Xya hli ntuj 5, 2011 "Nyob rau kev pom zoo ntawm cov kev faib ntawm lub ntuj tom hav zoov tua hluav taws kev ruaj thiab hluav taws kev ruaj faib nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, nyob ntawm seb cov huab cua puag" yog muab ib tug leej txhais ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm cov hluav taws txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv hav zoov, uas tsuas muaj tsib. Nyob ntawm seb lub hom tom hav zoov npog, hom thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov ntoo, lub xub ntiag ntawm tuag ntoo thiab peat bogs, tus tub hluas txoj kev loj hlob thiab ceev, ua ib lub rooj, uas los ntawm nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus, nyob rau hauv dab tsi thaj chaw peb yeej yuav tau txais ib tug tua hluav taws, thiab zoo li cas dag zog yuam yog raging nplaim taws.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws qib muab rau ib daim hlab ntawm ntoo los ntawm ntoo thuv saplings. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub lub caij yog yeej ib txwm yuav tsum raws li ib tug nyom-keeb kwm, thiab yas hluav taws kub ntawm qhov ntau teeb meem. Strips cog nrog ntoo thuv forests, brusnichnikovymi, ntoo thuv thiab larch forests yog muab 2 hluav taws ntsuam xyuas hauv chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov. Nyob rau hauv tej chaw nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no yog ib tug siab ntau yam ntawm tshwm sim ntawm av hluav taws kub, uas yog los ntawm 0.5 mus 1.5 m. Ua ntej mus rau lub saum ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub nce heev tsis tshua muaj, thiab ces tsuas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws nplaim taws nyob rau hauv loj heev drought thiab gale quab yuam cua.

Thaum cov chav kawm ntawm hluav taws txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv hav zoov nyiaj rau ze li ntawm 80% ntawm tag nrho cov hluav taws kub, cim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation. Tus lwm yam peb tsis txhob ua teeb meem nyob rau hauv muab, muaj tsawg npaum li cas thiab extinguished sai sai. Ua ntej koj yuav txiav txim seb lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm hluav taws txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, ua ib daim ntawv ntsuam ntawm hav zoov ua liaj ua teb teb cov qoob loo, cov ntaub ntawv yuav kaw thiab tiav los ntawm tshwj xeeb cov koom haum.

Tsoom fwv teb chaws teev ntuj teeb meem kev ntsuam xyuas

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho ib ncig ntawm Russia yog xam raws li ib tug natural qhia ntawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws kub. Nws nyob rau ntawm huab cua kub, lub meteorological tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm loj heev drought muaj yog ib tug siab ntau yam ntawm tiv cav tseb. Hluav Taws kev pab txhua hnub nyob rau hauv 12 am, yog xam piv ntawm tej hav zoov tua hluav taws txaus ntshai.

Yuav kom xam li nram qab no nkag yog npaum li cas: lub kub nyob rau hauv ib tug muab hnub, cov hnub tsis muaj los nag thiab lwg point. Nws pib los ntawm hnub los ntawm lub xeem hnub ntawm lub nag, thaum dej nag yog 3 hli. Yog xam raws li lub mis thiab tej yam ntuj tso kev ruaj ratio. Tshwm sim 300 units - tau hluav taws yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv, tus nqi ntawm ntau tshaj li 10,000 tus units qhia huab txaus ntshai.

Hom ntawm hav zoov hluav taws kub

Nyob rau hauv lub qhov siab ntawm lifting cov nplaim taws saum toj no cov av theem muaj peb hom hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov. Lub qis tshaj - ib yam ntawm cov underground. Hluav Taws underground deposits ntawm peat bogs ntawm kev kub ceev thiab siab huab cua kub yog progressing maj mam, ib tug ob peb meters ib hnub twg. Tab sis vim hais tias cov peat deposits yog ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 50 cm, qhov no yog ib yam nyuaj heev rau tua qhov hluav taws kub.

Nizovoy saib ntawm nplaim hais tawm nyob rau hauv hav zoov nce mus txog ib tug qhov siab ntawm 1.5 m. Teeb qhuav nyom, nroj tsuag parostkovaya, saplings. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug hluav taws yuav raug kev txom nyem tsis tau tsuas yog tus tsiaj burrow nrog nyuj, tab sis cov hauv paus hniav thiab tawv txheej ntawm loj ntoo. Thiab hais tias yuav coj mus rau lawv tuag. Xws li hluav taws ua surprise rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov.

Mounted saib hav zoov puas tsuaj yus extraordinary nplaim taws qhov siab. Nws tej zaum nce mus txog 120 meters. Nrog rau qhov no nplaim taws tuag loj qub ntoo, hlawv lawv crowns, yeej. Ib tug phab ntsa ntawm hluav taws nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog cua tsiv ntawm kev kub ceev. Vim yeej thickness tua xws li ib tug tua hluav taws yog ib qhov nyuaj.

Txo tsis forests ntawm hluav taws kub

Ntau yam kev tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv raws li qhov hluav taws kub teeb meem cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv hav zoov ntsuas tsis rau xam cov coefficient ntawm tau kev hem thawj. Saib xyuas txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo, cov tsos ntawm coniferous undergrowth. hluav taws kub-kev tiv thaiv txoj kev mus rau tshwj kom txhob kis ntawm cov hluav taws kuj txais. Tsim los ntawm thiaj li hu ua nplaim taws tej, uas yog cov los yog ib daim hlab carved feem; nqa tawm huv ntov nyob rau hauv hav zoov.

Nruab nrog hluav taws kev ruaj ntseg teeb meem. Hluav taws kub los yog muaj zog loj hlob yuav tsum tau zam yog hais tias tus foresters ua zoo soj xyuas txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais tsiaj, ntxuav lub cheeb tsam los ntawm lub qhuav lov tas vau thiab qub ntoo, tshuaj los ntawm poob ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd rau cov hom phiaj tau pw mineralized ib daim hlab ntawm av, ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 50 meters. Ob peb ntawm cov bands yog tag nrho muaj peev xwm kom tau khaws cia rau hauv lub hav zoov thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm qhov kis ntawm hluav taws.

Cov kauj ruam rau localize hluav taws kub

Ua ntej koj yuav tau mus nrhiav ib tug tua hluav taws. Thaum cov satellite tau paub txog qhov hluav taws kub, koj yuav tsum kom meej paub thiab yog tias ua tau kom nqaim cov kev tshawb fawb rau nws rau ntawm qhov chaw. Rau lub hom phiaj no, huab cua tsheb thauj mus los: dav hlau, tua hluav taws ua helicopters, drones. Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb yog cov kev ceev uas qhov hluav taws kub pom cov cheeb tsam thiab cov kev ua ub no nyob rau hluav taws. Attendance tseem ceeb yog cov npaj txhij ntawm tag nrho cov chav ntawm cov hluav taws cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.

Qhov thib ob qho tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv txoj kev txhiv qhov hluav taws kub yog nws qhov chaw nyob. Nyob rau tag nrho cov sab yuav tsum tau mus muab cov kev sib tsoo teeb meem. Qhov no yog ua li cas los xyuas kom meej tias qhov hluav taws yuav tsis kis tau rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub hav zoov, nyob ze kev sib hais haum enterprise. Thawj ntug sawb hluav taws tua hluav taws ua watered, tsim ib tug ntub sawb ntawm thaj av, cov ntoo yog moistened. Tsis tas li ntawd nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm technology nws ua plowing av ib daim hlab, tu cov cheeb tsam surrounding los ntawm cov undergrowth thiab cov ntoo. Thaum cov kev ua ub no nqa tawm, yog li ntawd lub hav zoov tua hluav taws yog laus nyob ib ncig ntawm cov nplaim taws los ntawm tag nrho cov sab.

hluav taws kub hluav

Tom qab ua tiav localization seem pib, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub tshem tawm ntawm combustion chamber. Muab tawm hluav taws kub yog nqa tawm siv av thiab sim saum nruab ntug tua hluav taws-sib ntaus sib tua cov khoom siv. Siv reservoirs nyob ze rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hluav taws. Tshwj xeeb cov khoom yoov rau thiab thoob diav dej. Ces, tsiv tshaj lub conflagration, tso nws rau hlawv hav zoov.

Qhov tseem tsis ntev los no kauj ruam nyob rau hauv muab xam tau tias yog okaraulivanie cheeb tsam cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub. Hluav taws kub yog ua tib zoo ntsuam xyuas kev puas tsuaj cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm re-tiv cav tseb. Qhov no yuav tsum prodelyvat lub sij hawm ntev ntawm lub sij hawm mus to taub tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg. Tsis tas li ntawd yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account huab cua tej yam kev mob. Lub homphiaj yog rau ntawm cov npoo.

kev soj ntsuam ntxiv

пользуются химическими средствами тушения и вызывают искусственно дождь в облаках. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tsausmuag hluav taws, thaum lub tsau qib flammability, yog tshuaj extinguishing txhais tau tias thiab ua dag los nag huab. Nyob rau hauv av, nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, nchuav qhuav av nyob rau hauv lub ntug. Yog hais tias tus tib neeg cov kev pab muaj ntau, ces tus puag ncig yog cov neeg uas muaj ntau ceg thiab puastsuaj hluav taws. Lawv kuj ua firing ntug, ua rau ib qho kev npliag sawb. Tej zaum nyob rau hauv loj heev zaum yog kev cob cog rua downstream los yog ntws los counter hluav taws.

Yuav ua li cas kom tau tawm ntawm qhov tsis zoo noj?

Yog hais tias ib tug txiv neej pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov los yog nyob ze ntawm lub peat bogs ntawm tsis ncaj ncees lawm lub sij hawm thaum qhov hluav taws kub pib, ces nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yuav tsis tau ntshai. Peb yuav tsum xub xyuas seb cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov cua thiab tsiv mus nyob rau lub Windward sab. Ua pa tas npog nrog ib tug phuam ntub, los yog tej daim ntawm cov khaub ncaws.

Yog hais tias koj paub hais tias tsis yog nyob deb deb yog ib lub pas dej, ces koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd txav nyob rau hauv nws cov kev taw qhia. Thaum hlawv peat nyob rau hauv lub hauv av, nws yog tsim nyog los mus tom ntej nrog ib tug ncej nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes, maj mam muab probing cov av nyob rau hauv koj ob txhais taw. Hluav Taws yuav smolder hauv qab no, thiab yuav tsis kaj siab heev rau lub caij nplooj zeeg mus rau hauv lub kub lub qhov.

Outreach

Cov neeg uas nyob ze rau hauv lub hav zoov, npaj rau hluav taws nyob rau hauv ua ntej. Nqa tawm tiv thaiv kev nthuav. Thaum qhov hluav taws kub pib, cov pejxeem tau evacuated ceev yam. Muab kom tsuas lub feem ntau tsim nyog.

Yog hais tias koj muaj peev xwm tsis tau tawm, ces koj yuav tau kaw cia nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev tsis muaj cua hatches qhib. Koj yuav nkaum nyob rau hauv lub cellar. Nqa koj cov dej, ntub pam thiab phuam da dej. Yog hais tias qhov hluav taws kub yog nyob rau hauv av, nws yuav tsis tau nyob rau hauv cov ntoo. Koj yuav tsum tau tawm hauv lub teb, kaw lub pa system.

Kuj yuav qhia cov neeg muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv hluav taws. Koj muaj peev xwm tsis ncuav dej nyob rau hluav taws xob installation thiab thaiv. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm firing cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob sawv ntsug. Tshab plaws nws yog tsim nyog los thaiv cov zaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev nyab xeeb cheeb tsam.