Mosfet - yog dab tsi? Daim ntawv thov thiab pov thawj ntawm transistors

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm koj yuav kawm txog transistors, MOSFET, uas yog, ib co ntawm cov Circuit Court muaj. Txhua yam teb nyhuv transistor, uas nws tswv yim yog electrically raug rho tawm los ntawm lub ntsiab tam sim no nqa channel. Thiab hais tias yog vim li cas nws yog hu ua tus teb cov nyhuv transistor nrog insulated rooj vag. Feem ntau hom xws li ib tug teb nyhuv transistor, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom hluav taws xob circuits, hu ua ib daim teb-nyhuv transistor hlau-oxide-semiconductor raws li los yog txoj kev hloov mus hlis transistor (abbreviated tsiaj ntawv ntawm no).

Yuav ua li cas yog lub MOSFET?

MOSFET yog ib tug voltage-tshuaj FET, uas yog txawv los ntawm lub teb nyob rau hauv hais tias nws muaj ib tug "hlau oxide" rooj vag electrode uas yog electrically insulated los ntawm lub ntsiab semiconductor n-channel los yog p-channel nrog ib tug heev nyias txheej ntawm insulating cov ntaub ntawv uas. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog silica (thiab yog hais tias yooj yim, cov iav).

Qhov no ultra-nyias insulated hlau rooj vag electrode yuav ntshai ua ib tug capacitor phaj. Rwb thaiv tsev tswj kev tawm tswv yim ua rau cov kuj ntawm lub MOSFET yog tsis tshua muaj high, zoo infinite.

Raws li lub teb, lub hlis transistors muaj ib tug heev cov tswv yim impedance. Nws yuav yooj yim ntxiv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm zoo li qub xwb, uas ua rau yus puas, yog hais tias tsis ua tib zoo tiv thaiv los ntawm ib cov saw.

Sib txawv los ntawm lub MOSFET teb-nyhuv transistors

Lub ntsiab sib txawv los ntawm lub teb yog hais tias lub MOSFETs yog muaj nyob rau hauv ob yooj yim cov ntaub ntawv:

1. Havzoov - transistor yuav tsum tau ib tug lub rooj vag-qhov chaw voltage rau lub switching ntaus ntawv mus rau "OFF". havzoov hom MOSFET yog sib npaug rau "feem ntau kaw" mus.
2. Saturation - transistor yuav tsum tau ib tug lub rooj vag-qhov chaw voltage tig rau tus ntaus ntawv. Nce hom MOSFET yog sib npaug rau ib tug mus nrog "feem ntau kaw" hu.

Cim ntawm transistors rau circuits

Tus kab ntawm cov kev sib txuas ntawm ntws thiab qhov chaw yog ib tug semiconductor channel. Yog hais tias daim duab uas qhia tau hais tias lub MOSFET transistors, nws yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug muaj roj khoom kab, lub caij ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv havzoov hom. Txij li thaum lub tam sim no muaj peev xwm ntws los ntawm ntws mus rooj vag xoom peev xwm. Yog hais tias lub channel yog qhia nyob rau hauv phantom kab los yog ib tug tawg kab, qhov transistor ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv saturation hom vim hais tias tam sim no ntws nrog pes tsawg lub rooj vag peev xwm. Lub xub taw qhia qhia ib tug conductive channel los yog ib tug p-hom semiconductor p-hom. Thiab domestic transistors yog xaiv nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li lawv txawv teb chaws counterparts.

Cov yooj yim qauv ntawm MOSFET transistor

Tus tsim ntawm lub MOSFET (uas yog, piav nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog heev txawv los ntawm lub teb. Ob hom transistors yog siv cov hluav taws xob field tsim los ntawm lub rooj vag voltage. Yuav kom hloov cov ndlwg ntawm xwb muaj, electrons nyob rau hauv lub n-channel los yog qhib rau cov p-channel los ntawm cov semiconductive qhov chaw-ntws channel. Lub rooj vag electrode yog muab tso rau sab saum toj ntawm ib tug heev nyias insulating txheej thiab muaj ib tug khub ntawm me me p-hom cheeb tsam cia li nyob rau hauv lub qhov xau dej thiab qhov chaw electrodes.

tsis muaj feem xyuam tsis muaj kev txwv los ntawm ib tug insulated rooj vag ntaus hlis transistor. Yog li ntawd nws yog tau mus cuag rau lub rooj vag ntawm lub MOSFET qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txawm polarity (positive los yog negative). Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias ntau zaus mas transistors tshaj lawv domestic counterparts.

Qhov no ua rau MOSFET pab kiag li lawm yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau raws li hluav taws xob keyboards los yog logic kiag li lawm, vim hais tias tsis muaj cawv los ntawm sab nraum, lawv feem ntau tsis ua tam sim no. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no siab cov tswv yim rooj vag kuj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog heev me me los yog insignificant tswj yog tsim nyog rau lub hlis transistors. Vim hais tias lawv yog pab kiag li lawm tswj externally energized.

havzoov hom MOSFET

havzoov hom tshwm sim ntau npaum li cas tsawg heev tshaj cov tau hom tsis muaj tus tsis ncaj ncees voltage thov rau lub rooj vag. Hais tias yog, tus channel tuas ntawm xoom rooj vag voltage, yog li ntawd, tus ntaus ntawv "feem ntau kaw". Cov kos duab siv rau xa mus rau ib tug khoom kab feem ntau kaw conductive channel.

Rau n-channel havzoov hlis transistor, ib tug tsis zoo rooj vag-qhov chaw voltage yog tsis zoo, nws yuav deplete (chaw pib lub npe) ntawm nws cov kev channel transistor free electrons. Ib yam li ntawd rau cov p-channel hlis transistor yog lub havzoov ntawm ib tug zoo rooj vag-qhov chaw voltage, lub channel yuav deplete lawv free qhov, tsiv lub ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug uas tsis yog-kev xeev. Tab sis lub laaj ntawm lub transistor yog tsis nyob rau dab tsi hom kev lag luam.

Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov havzoov hom n-channel MOSFET:

1. Qhov zoo voltage ntawm lub ntws loj tus naj npawb ntawm electrons thiab tam sim no.
2. Nws txhais tau tias tsawg tsis zoo voltage thiab ib tug tam sim no ntawm electrons.

Cov rov qab no kuj muaj tseeb rau p-channel transistors. Thaum havzoov hom MOSFET yog sib npaug rau "txhua zaus qhib" mus.

N-channel hlis transistor nyob rau hauv lub havzoov hom,

havzoov hom MOSFET yog ua nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li hais tias ntawm lub teb-nyhuv transistors. Ntxiv mus, lub ntws qhov channel - ib tug conductive txheej nrog electrons thiab qhov, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub n-hom los yog p-hom raws. Xws li ib tug channel doping tsim ib tug tsis tshua muaj kuj conductive txoj kev nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub ntws thiab qhov chaw nrog rau cov muaj pes tsawg voltage. Siv cov tester transistors yuav ua ntsuam ntawm currents thiab voltages nyob rau hauv nws cov zis thiab cov tswv yim.

Nce hom MOSFET

Ntau ntau nyob rau hauv MOSFET transistors yog lub nce hom, nws yog ib tug rov qab mus rau lub havzoov hom. Muaj kev channel maj mam doped los yog undoped, uas ua rau nws uas tsis yog-conductive. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias cov ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv kaw hom yog tsis muaj kev (thaum lub rooj vag tsis ncaj ncees voltage yog zero). Cov kos duab los mus piav qhia cov hom mos transistors yog siv ib tug tawg kab yuav qhia tau nquag qhib-kev channel.

Yuav kom txhim kho txoj kev N-channel hlis transistor ntws tam sim no yuav ntws tsuas yog thaum lub rooj vag voltage thov rau lub rooj vag ntau dua qhov pib voltage. Los ntawm thov ib tug zoo voltage rau lub rooj vag ntawm ib tug p-hom MOSFET (uas yog, lub lag luam hom, switching circuits yog piav nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) attracts ntau electrons nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov oxide txheej nyob ib ncig ntawm lub rooj vag, yog li ua lub nce (chaw pib lub npe) los ntawm cov channel thickness, uas freer txaus tam sim no.

Nta nce hom

Ua zoo rooj vag voltage yuav ua rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm kuj nyob rau hauv lub channel. Nws yuav tsis qhia lub transistor tester, nws muaj peev xwm tsuas xyuas lub sam xeeb ntawm zaus. Yuav kom txo tau kev loj hlob ntxiv, nws yog tsim nyog los ua rau kom lub ntws tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lug txhim khu cov hom n-channel MOSFET:

1. Ib tug zoo lub teeb liab transistor translates rau hauv ib tug kev hom.
2. Tsis teeb liab los yog nws tsis zoo tus nqi translates rau hauv ib tug nonconductive hom transistor. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub hom ntawm amplification MOSFET yog sib npaug rau "txhua zaus qhib" mus.

Lub converse assertion yog siv tau rau cov hom txhim khu p-channel hlis transistors. Thaum pes tsawg voltage lub ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv lub "OFF" thiab cov channel qhib. Thov tsis zoo voltage tus nqi rau ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm lub p-hom MOSFET nce nyob rau hauv channel conductivity, txhais nws hom "Nyob rau". Koj yuav nrhiav tau siv ib tug tester (digital los yog hu). Ces tus tsoom fwv tau p-channel MOSFET:

1. Zoo teeb liab renders transistor "off."
2. Tsis zoo muaj xws li ib tug transistor nyob rau hauv "Nyob rau" hom.

nce hom N-channel MOSFET

Nyob rau hauv lub amplification hom MOSFETs muaj tsawg tswv yim impedance nyob rau hauv lub kev hom thiab ib tug nonconducting tsis tshua muaj neeg siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj infinitely siab cov tswv yim impedance vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov insulated rooj vag. Hom nce ntawm transistors siv nyob rau hauv kev circuits tau txais CMOS logic rooj vag thiab lub switching ntawm lub hwj chim circuits nyob rau hauv daim ntawv raws li PMOS (P-channel) thiab NMOS (N-channel) input. CMOS - hlis yog complementary nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias nws yog ib zajlus kom ntaus ntawv muaj ob lub PMOS, thiab NMOS nyob rau hauv nws tsim.

MOSFET amplifier

Cia li zoo li teb, MOSFET transistors yuav siv tau los ua hauv chav kawm ntawv amplifier "A". Amplifier Circuit Court nrog N-channel hlis transistor nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw nce tsoom fwv yog tus nrov tshaj plaws. MOSFET amplifiers havzoov hom zoo heev rau cov circuits siv teb kiag li lawm, tsuas hais tias cov MOSFET (uas yog, thiab yog dab tsi hom yog, sib tham saum toj no) muaj ib tug high tswv yim impedance.

Qhov no impedance yog tswj los ntawm cov tswv yim resistive biasing network tsim los ntawm resistors R1 thiab R2. Ntxiv mus, cov qhov tso zis lub teeb liab rau qhov chaw amplifier transistors MOSFET nyob rau hauv lub amplification hom inverted vim hais tias, thaum lub tswv yim voltage yog tsawg tsawg, ces transistor zaj qhib. Qhov no yuav muaj tseeb, muaj nyob rau hauv lub arsenal tsuas tester (digital los yog hu). Nyob rau ib lub high school cov kev tawm tswv yim voltage lub transistor nyob rau hauv lub RAU hom, cov qhov tso zis voltage no tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj.