Semiconductors - sij hawm thiab kev faib

Cov seev nyob ib qho kev nce ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv niaj hnub electronics. Devices uas khiav rau tej daim tam sim no penetrated zoo tag nrho daim ntaub ntawv - kiag thiab muaj khoom, cov khoom ua si, video, xov tooj cua-TV ti teg taw thiab thiaj li nyob. Txawm li cas los, muaj cov tseem tau thiab analog discrete hais. Ntxiv mus, semiconductor pab kiag li lawm - cov essence heev ntawm cov niaj hnub chips.

Yuav ua li cas puas xws li? Lub hauv paus rau tej pab kiag li lawm raws li semiconductor tshuaj yog semiconductors. Raws li nws cov hluav taws xob yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom lawv rank ntawm insulators thiab conductors. Pom qhov txawv nta ntawm - ib tug dependence ntawm conductivity rau lub ambient kub, tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm ionizing tawg thiab lub teeb, thiab lub impurity concentration. Semiconductors muaj kwv yees li tib yam txheej yam ntxwv.

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv tej yam khoom uas yuav koom tau xwb mobile them nyiaj nqa. Qhov ntau mobile them nyiaj nqa ib chav tsev ntim ntawm lub substance, ntau dua qhov lub hluav taws xob conductivity. Nyob rau hauv cov hlau zoo tag nrho ntawm cov electrons yog free, thiab qhov no ua rau lawv cov qib high conductivity. Nyob rau hauv semiconductors thiab dielectrics xov xwm npaum li cas tsawg li ntawd thiab ntau resistivity.

Tej hluav taws xob Cheebtsam li semiconductors cov lus hais kub dependence ntawm lub resistivity. Nrog ua kub, nws yog feem ntau txo.

Yog li, semiconductor pab kiag li lawm - cov no yog cov hluav taws xob uas muaj raws li tej dab nyob rau hauv tshuaj hu ua semiconductors. Lawv nrhiav tau lub widest daim ntawv thov. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv electronics thiab hluav taws xob engineering semiconductor pab kiag li lawm yog siv los hloov ib tug ntau yam ntawm Pib ntsais koj teeb, lawv zaus, amplitude, thiab lwm yam tsis. Nyob rau hauv xws hwj chim cuab yeej siv rau lub zog hloov dua siab tshiab.

semiconductor pab kiag li lawm yuav tsum txwv kom muab zais nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Piv txwv li, lub npe hu txoj kev ntawm kev faib raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txiav txim, raws li tau npaj los ntawm tus tsim, qhov siv technology ntawm teb thiab cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov, ntawm lub hom ntaub ntawv.

Txawm li cas los, muaj thiaj li hu ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawv, uas tuab lub semiconductor ntaus ntawv. Cov kev kawm no muaj xws li:

- Electroconversion pab kiag li lawm uas ib leeg yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lwm yam tseem ceeb;

- Optoelectronic, uas hloov lub teeb rau hauv hluav taws xob ib lub teeb liab thiab vice versa;

- khoom-xeev duab converters;

- thermoelectric pab kiag li lawm uas hloov thermal zog rau hauv hluav taws xob lub zog;

- Magneto thiab electromagnetic pab kiag li lawm;

- piezoelectric thiab lim.

Ib tug cais chav kawm ntawv ntawm pab kiag li lawm xws li semiconductor pab kiag li lawm yuav tsum tau hu ua kev circuits, uas feem ntau yog tov, i.e. ua ke txheej yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntaus ntawv.

Feem ntau, semiconductor pab kiag li lawm yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug tej hub los yog lub hnab yas vaj tse, tab sis muaj kev xaiv rau unpackaged.