Transistor keyboards. Lub Circuit Court khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus

Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog txoj kev kos duab pab tau yog cov siv ntawm ntau yam kev tricks uas yuav ua tau lub hom phiaj no me ntsis kev rau siab. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov creation ntawm semiconductor keyboards. Yuav ua li cas yog lawv? Yog vim li cas yuav tsum tau lawv tsim? Yog vim li cas lawv yog hu ua "electronic tuav"? Yuav ua li cas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus txheej txheem no yog, thiab dab tsi mus nrhiav rau?

Yuav ua li cas ua transistor keyboards

Lawv tua nrog rau kev siv ntawm daim teb los yog bipolar transistors. Ntxiv muab faib mus rau hauv thawj thiab tir tuav uas muaj kev tswj p-n-hlws ris. Cov bipolar tsis paub qhov txawv / nyeem. Transistor hloov 12 V yuav los siav qhov yooj yim xav tau los ntawm pib xyaum ua xov tooj cua.

zoo li qub hom

Nyob rau hauv nws ntsuam lub kaw thiab qhib lub xeev ntawm tus yuam sij. Tus thawj inlet yog ib tug tsis tshua muaj voltage theem, uas nruab nrab yog cov zajlus kom pes tsawg lub teeb liab. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug hom, ob qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub rov qab taw qhia (cutoff yog tau). Thiab nyob rau hauv tam sim no collector tsuas cuam tshuam rau lub tshav kub. Nyob rau hauv lub qhib lub xeev mus rau lub tseem ceeb kev tawm tswv yim yog ib tug high voltage theem coj mus rau logic ib lub teeb liab. Lag luam yog tau nyob rau hauv ob hom ib txhij. Tej lub lag luam tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv lub saturation cheeb tsam los yog lub linear cheeb tsam ntawm lub tso zis yam ntxwv. Peb yuav tsum sib tham txog lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

saturation tseem ceeb

Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, cov transistor zaus yog biased nyob rau hauv lub rau pem hauv ntej kev taw qhia. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tsis hloov cov puag tam sim no, tus nqi ntawm cov collector yuav tsis hloov. Nyob rau hauv pob zeb ntais transistors rau kev tsis ncaj ncees txog ntawm 0.8 V yog tsim nyog, thaum germanium voltage fluctuates hauv 0.2-0.4 V. Ib tseem ceeb raws li ib tug general saturation yog mus txog? Ua li no, lub hauv paus tam sim no yuav tsub kom. Tab sis txhua yam muaj nws cov kev txwv, raws li zoo raws li ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv kev tsuas xyaus. Yog li ntawd, thaum koj mus txog ib tug tej yam tam sim no tus nqi, nws tsis tu tsis tseg kom loj hlob. Tab sis vim li cas siv kev tsuas xyaus ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb? Muaj yog ib tug tshwj xeeb npaum li cas, uas qhia rau hauv lub xeev ntawm affairs. Nrog nws cov ua load peev xwm nce, uas muaj transistor keyboards, destabilizing yam pib muaj kev cuam tshuam ib tug me me dag zog yuam, tab sis muaj yog deterioration nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv. Yog li ntawd, lub saturation tau tus nqi xaiv los ntawm nruab nrab xav txog kev teem, ntawm qhov teeb meem uas xav tau kev pab yuav tsum tau ua.

Tsis zoo unsaturated tseem ceeb

Thiab yog dab tsi yuav tshwm sim yog hais tias nws twb tsis tau tiav pom tus nqi? Tom qab ntawd muaj xws shortcomings:

1. Voltage lub caij nplooj zeeg qhib tseem ceeb poob mus txog 0.5 V.
2. Paug tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog vim lub zog tswv yim impedance, uas yog pom nyob rau hauv lub lag luam thaum lawv qhib. Yog li ntawd, cuam tshuam xws li voltage spikes thiab yuav ua rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv transistor tsis.
3. Nyeem tseem ceeb muaj teeb meem loj kub stability.

Raws li koj tau pom, tus txheej txheem no yog tseem zoo dua mus nqa tawm, nws thiaj li tau ib tug zoo meej ntaus ntawv.

ceev

Qhov no parameter nyob ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws permissible zaus, yuav nqa tawm thaum lub switching Pib ntsais koj teeb. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem yog nyob ntawm lub duration ntawm lub kev hloov txheej txheem, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm lub inertia ntawm cov transistor, raws li zoo raws li tus ntawm cab tsis. Yuav kom tuab qhov kev kawm logic caij feem ntau qhia qhov nruab nrab lub sij hawm uas tau tshwm sim thaum ib lub teeb liab qeeb los ntawm nws kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv lub transistor mus. Daim duab uas qhia nws cov feem ntau precisely no sim teb ntau yam thiab qhia tau hais tias.

Sis nrog lwm lub lag luam

Ua li no, couplers siv. Yog li, yog hais tias tus thawj hloov zis yog ib tug high voltage theem, ces muaj yog nyob rau hauv ob inlet qhib thiab khiav nyob rau hauv ib tug predetermined hom. Thiab vice versa. Xws li ib tug kev sib txuas lus Circuit Court tshuam muaj feem xyuam rau cov nraum dab uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm switching, thiab cov kev ceev ntawm lub lag luam. Ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas ib tug transistor mus. Feem ntau yog lub tswvyim nyob rau hauv uas tus sis yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tsuas nruab nrab ntawm ob transistors. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias nws yog yooj yim sua kom ib tug ntaus ntawv uas yuav tsum tau siv peb los yog plaub los yog ntau txawm tias hais. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum no yuav tsis yooj yim mus nrhiav tau ib tug siv, li ntawd, cov ua hauj lwm ntawm no hom ntawm transistor hloov yog tsis siv.

Yuav ua li cas mus xaiv

Yuav ua li cas zoo dua ua hauj lwm? Wb xav txog tej yam uas peb muaj ib tug yooj yim transistor mus, ib tug voltage mov uas yog 0.5 V. Tom qab ntawd, ib tug oscilloscope yuav ntes tag nrho cov kev hloov. Yog hais tias lub collector tam sim no ntawm 0.5mA ntawm ib tus nqi txheej, cov voltage ntog rau 40 MV (raws li yuav tsum tau kwv yees li 0.8 V). Los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem peb yuav hais tias qhov no yog nej ib tug tseem ceeb sib txawv, uas imposes txwv rau kev siv ntawm tag nrho cov series ntawm schemes, piv txwv li, keyboards, analog Pib ntsais koj teeb. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog cov yuav raug tshwj xeeb teb-nyhuv transistors, uas muaj ib tug tswj p-n-hlws ris. Lawv zoo tshaj bipolar counterparts yog:

1. Cov me ntsis nqi ntawm cov residual kev nyuaj siab rau tus yuam sij nyob rau hauv lub xo lub xeev.
2. Lub siab kuj thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim - ib tug me me tam sim no uas ntws los ntawm lub kaw neeg.
3. Nws kov me ntsis hwj chim, li ntawd, tsis tas yuav ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw ntawm kev tswj voltage.
4. Nws yog ua tau hloov lub fais tsawg theem Pib ntsais koj teeb, uas roos units ntawm Microvolts.

hloov transistor mus - qhov no yog ib qho zoo tagnrho daim ntawv thov rau lub teb. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov lus no yog muab tso rau heev dua lwm yam rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv muaj ib lub tswv yim hais txog lawv cov kev siv. Ib me ntsis me ntsis ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab ingenuity - thiab tau siv, uas muaj transistor keyboards yuav tsum tau coined nyob rau hauv abundance.

lag luam piv txwv

Cia peb xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau yam yuav ua li cas yooj yim transistor mus. Switching los ntawm ib tug lub teeb liab lub tswv yim yog dhau thiab muab tshem tawm los ntawm lwm yam tawm. Xauv qhov tseem ceeb rau lub rooj vag ntawm lub transistor siv ib tug voltage uas yog siab tshaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus thiab ntws mus rau ib tug nqi siab tshaj 2-3 V. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau ceev faj tsis txhob mus dhau lub permissible ntau yam. Thaum tus tes hloov qhov yog kaw, cov kuj yog tus loj - ntau tshaj li 10 ohms. Qhov no tus nqi yog tau vim lub fact tias ntxiv muaj feem xyuam rau ntau thiab rov qab kev tsis ncaj ncees tam sim no ntawm lub pn hlws ris. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xeev capacitance ntawm lub teeb liab switching Circuit Court thiab lub rooj vag electrode yog nyob rau hauv lub chav 3-30 PF. Tam sim no qhib lub transistor mus. Tsav thiab xyaum yuav qhia tias yog lub rooj vag voltage yog nearing pes tsawg, thiab ntseeg tau nyob rau hauv lub load kuj thiab ib tug hloov voltage yam ntxwv. Qhov no yog vim rau tag nrho cov system ntawm kev sib tshuam rooj vag, qhov twg los thiab ntws ntawm lub transistor. Qhov no ua ib co teeb meem rau kev siv nyob rau hauv lub chopper hom.

Raws li ib tug tshuaj rau qhov no qhov teeb meem, ntau yam schemes tau tsim uas muab ib tug stabilization voltage uas tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm cov channel thiab lub qhov rooj. Ntxiv mus, vim lub cev thaj chaw ntawm txawm lub diode yuav siv tau raws li xws li. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, nws yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub rov qab cov kev taw qhia thaiv voltage. Yog hais tias koj yuav ua tau ib lub tsim nyog qhov teeb meem no, lub diode kaw thiab cov p-n-txoj kev hloov opens. Yuav kom hloov thaum lub switched voltage tseem qhib, thiab cov channel kuj yog tsis tau hloov, nws yog ua tau kom muaj xws li high-kuj resistor ntawm lub hauv paus thiab lub tswv yim tseem ceeb. Thiab muaj cov capacitor capacitances ho leeb lub recharging txheej txheem.

Muab xam los ntawm cov transistor hloov

Yuav kom pabneeg ib qho piv txwv ntawm xam ntawm kev nkag siab, koj muaj peev xwm hloov koj cov lus:

1) Lub collector-emitter voltage - 45 V. Cov hwj huam tas nrho dissipation - 500 MW. Lub collector-emitter voltage - 0.2 V. Cov cutoff zaus ntawm lub lag luam - 100 MHz. Lub puag-emitter voltage - 0.9 V. Lub collector tam sim no - 100 ma. Statistical tam sim no hloov mus rau lwm piv - 200.

2) Lub resistor rau tam sim no 60 ma 5-1,35-0,2 = 3.45.

3) lub collector kuj nqi: 3,45 \ 0,06 ohms = 57,5.

4) Rau yooj yim, peb muab qhov nominal tus nqi ntawm 62 ohms: 3,45 \ 62 = 0.0556 ma.

5) Peb hais tsis xav puag tam sim no: 56 \ 200 = 0.28 MA (0.00028 A).

6) Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas yuav lub resistor puag: 5 - 0.9 = 4,1V.

7) Txiav txim siab cov kuj ntawm lub hauv paus resistor: 4.1 \ = 0,00028 ohms 14,642,9.

xaus

Thiab thaum kawg, hais txog lub npe "electronic tuav". Lub fact tias lub xeev yog hloov los ntawm cov tam sim no. Thiab yog dab tsi? Qhov ntawd yog txoj cai, ib tug txheej ntawm hluav taws xob nqi. Los ntawm no thiab muaj ib tug thib ob lub npe. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev, thiab tag nrho. Raws li koj tau pom, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam thiab cov ntaus ntawv Circuit Court transistor keyboards tsis yog ib yam dab tsi nyuab, yog li to taub qhov no - nws yog ua tau. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txawm tus sau ntawm no tsab xov xwm mus ua tshiab nws nco coj ib tug me ntsis cov phau ntawv reference nws borrowed. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj lus nug mus rau lub terminology kuv qhia kom nco qab ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm kev dictionaries thiab nrhiav ntawm cov lus tshiab qhia txog tus transistor keyboards muaj.