Keeb kwm ntawm lub Kiev Rus. Instruction ntawm Vladimir Monomakh

Curiously, cov neeg pej xeem tub huabtais Vladimir Monomakh, tsis muaj ib tug tsis ntseeg, yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Middle Hnub nyoog. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog nws reign xaus rau era ntawm Kievan Rus. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Vladimir Monomakh nws tuaj tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug zoo heev statesman, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug txawj xav thiab txawj sau ntawv. Ib tug landmark monument ntawm Qub Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog qhov thiaj li hu ua "Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh".

Xyoo ntawm kev sau ntawv nws yog tseem paub tsis meej. Lub fact tias txawv historians attribute nws mus rau ntau yam hnub. Ib txhia hais tias nws twb muaj li cov neeg pej xeem Duke ntawm sunset ntawm nws lub neej, thaum lwm tus neeg nrhiav thaj av rau yos nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Piv txwv li, lub historian Pogodin hais tias "Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh" twb muaj li ntawm tub huabtais nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau Rostov. Raws li rau lub mention nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv tom qab cov txheej xwm, nws yog los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm lub historian, yog tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis ib tug tom qab zoo.

Lwm historian Shlyakov lub npe hnub "Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh" 1106 xyoo. Nws txawm qhia lub hli thiab hnub: nws yog Friday thawj lub lim tiam ntawm Lent, uas nyob rau hauv 1106 poob rau 9 Lub ob hlis ntuj. Raws li cov historian, nyob rau hauv 1117 "Instruction" re-edited los ntawm tus tub huabtais.

Lub hauv paus tswv yim ntawm cov memo

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia Vladimira Monomaha yog hu rau nws cov me nyuam, thiab rau tag nrho cov neeg uas tau hnov "gramatitsyu no heev" nruj me ntsis raws li nrog tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm lub feudal kev txiav txim, ib txwm ua los ntawm lawv, tsis nco qab txog koj tus kheej thiab "self-pab kev txaus siab ntawm cov tsev neeg." Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov kev qhia ntawv lawm mas yuav kis tsis tau tsuas yog ib tsev neeg, raws li ib tug pej xeem Hawj txawm. Hais txog nws thiab tham.

Instruction ntawm Vladimir Monomakh nyob rau hauv luv luv

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Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm cov vaj lug kub yuav hu ua ib tug heev nyob ze kev sib raug zoo nrog autobiography ntsiab didactic. Nws yog nthuav tias tag nrho cov lus qhia kev txhawb los ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Duke tsis tsuas maxims los ntawm phau Vajlugkub, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm tus kheej lub neej Monomakh.

cov ntsiab lus

Qhov tseem tseem ceeb paub tab nyob rau hauv lub "Phau" yog ib lub npe rau hauv lub xeev. Tom qab tag nrho, lub lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Duke suav hais tias yog kev txhawj xeeb rau cov welfare ntawm nws tus kheej lub xeev, nws kev sib sau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus tub huabtais yuav tsum ua raws li nrog tag nrho cov ntawv cog lus thiab oaths.

Vladimir Monomakh ntseeg tias tag nrho cov internecine feuds tsuas undermine cov nom tswv thiab nyiaj txiag hwj chim ntawm tag nrho cov xeev. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb uas yuav ua rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub teb chaws, yog lub ntiaj teb no! Nws yog yog li ntawd lub luag hauj lwm ntawm txhua tus kav muaj xws li cov preservation ntawm kaj siab lug.

Ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm ntawm txhua tus tub vaj ntxwv, raws li Monomakh, yog qhov kev kho mob thiab qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev txhim kho ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. "Kev qhia ntawm Vladimir Monomakh" xav tias tej kav uas xav ntsaub nws lub hwj chim, vigilantly thiab lossi saib xyuas kom "priestly thiab monastic ibyam." Txawm li cas los, tus tub huabtais tsis qhia lawv cov me nyuam "cawm tej ntsuj plig" nyob rau hauv monasteries, t. E. Ua ib tug hauj sam, vim hais tias nws yog alien rau lub active thiab nquag txiv neej. Monomakh hu ib tug kev cai dab qhuas observance nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm penance thiab almsgiving.