Tim lyiv teb chaws, Thebes: keeb kwm, sights, cov duab

Thebes - yog ib tug ancient nroog nyob rau hauv Upper tim lyiv teb chaws, nyob ze niaj hnub Luxor. Egyptians nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm hu ua lawv lub peev "Kev koom tes yog," uas txhais tau tias "txoj cai" ( "yuav tsum yeej xwb lub nroog"), tab sis lub Greeks nws twb hu ua "Fivei" los yog "Thebes" (tsis yuav tsis meej pem nrog Thebes nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws). Homer hais "stovratnye Thebes". Palaces (El Uksur) hu ua nws cov koom pheej. Ancient Thebans lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lawv phau ntawv feem ntau hu ua lawv teb chaws "Niut", uas tsuas txhais tau tias "lub nroog".

Tus thawj mention

Thaum muaj ib lub nroog uas Thebes (Tim lyiv teb chaws)? Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm nws mus rov qab centuries. Cov phau ntawv hais txog III th. BC. e., kom muaj tus thawj mention ntawm lub nroog. Cov Thawj zaug ntawm lawv mus rau lub reign ntawm vaj ntxwv Menkaure (Menkaure), uas nyob txog ib tug XXVI xyoo pua BC. e. Tab sis lub flourishing ntawm lub nroog preceded los ntawm ib tug ntev li keeb kwm.

Lub Center ntawm Culture ntawm Amon

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XXI BC. e. Thebes sib sau ua ke rau lub teb chaws thiab ua lub capital ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, txawm li cas los, rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Dynasty XI ntawm lub Middle Kingdom. Nyob rau hauv no era, lub nroog pib active kev siv ntawm monumental shrines tuag kav cov vaj ntxwv thiab gods. Amun, lub zos Vaj tswv, mas yuav kis tau tus txheej xwm ntawm ib lub xeev. Kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev nom kev tswv chaw ntawm tag nrho cov powers pib Thebes. Los ntawm lub xeev, khoom ib tug loj cheeb tsam ntawm niaj hnub Sudan. Ciam teb mus txog Libya rau sab hnub poob. Thaum feem ntau ntawm cov Pharaohs rau qhov kev siv nyob rau hauv lub nroog tau qhia ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm cov kev pab ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws thiab ntau yam ntawm nws cov sab nraud uas lawv muaj. Cultural chaw ntawm Amun ntawm Thebes twb Iyiv. Muaj tau ua lub tsev nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus ancient vajtswv ntawm cov loj tuam tsev.

Center Yehauvas lub xeev thiab lub monastic zog

Tom qab lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm lub nroog ntawm Memphis, uas tau los ua tus capital ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub XIV caug xyoo. BC. e., lub ancient Thebes (Tim lyiv teb chaws) muab khaws cia tseg lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev cai chaw ntawm lub teb chaws, txawm los ntawm cov centuries, kom txog thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cov neeg Loos. Thaum pib kuv txhiab BC Nws yog qhov chaw ntawm Yehauvas lub xeev, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, cov pov thawj ntawm Amun tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub tshiab Kingdom. Nws tshwm sim tom qab ob uprisings (ua ntej - nyob rau hauv 205-199 xyoo, ces -. Nyob rau hauv 199-186 U.Nt.Y. ...) Tawm tsam Ptolemies, lub Hellenistic dynasty. Nrog rau cov kis ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo pua AD. e. Thebes cheeb tsam tau ua ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws cov chaw ntawm cov monastic zog.

Lub nroog nyob rau hauv ob ntug dej ntawm lub Nile

Loos tau muab rhuav pov tseg, demolished thiab plundered muaj ntau lub tsev ntawm Thebes. Tsuas yog zaum thiab archaeologists los ntawm cov suite ntawm Napoleon tswj mus ib zaug dua nyuaj lub nroog los ntawm nws cov pw tsaug zog. Thebes nyob rau hauv antiquity nyob rau lub ob ntug dej ntawm lub Nile: lub sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob. Peb qhia ua ntej txog rau sab hnub tuaj.

Cov laus capital ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj bank ntawm tus dej twb muab faib ua ob qhov chaw lub channel: nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Luxor nroog loj hlob, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog lub zos ntawm Karnak. Nyob rau qhov no sab ntawm tus dej muaj ob tuam tsev zoo nkauj - Luxor (pictured hauv qab no) thiab Karnak, uas tau kev cob cog rua Avenue ntawm lub sphinxes.

Nrog noble khoom kim heev tsev, palaces, dag cov pas dej thiab lub vaj tsawg ntoo adjoined grand tuam tsev ceg. Gilt koob obelisks, colossal saum kav cov vaj ntxwv, cov sab saum toj ntawm lub tuam tsev yees, pylons stabbed nyob rau hauv lapis lazuli ntuj. Qhov rai qhib muaj myiaj tsev, hlua nrog ntsuab thiab turquoise faience vuas, peeped los ntawm cov lush ntsuab hnub xib teg, Sycamore thiab tamarisk. Ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov hlab ntsha ntawm wine, lapis lazuli, yog li nkawv los ntawm cov Iyi, tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab twb raug coj los ntawm no subjugated cov neeg ntawm Syria. Los ntawm teb chaws Africa tuaj lub caravans nrog ebony, kaus ntxhw, kub thiab tej txuj lom.

Nyob rau sab hnub poob txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Nile yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus huab tais, raws li zoo raws li ib tug lossis loj necropolis, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug amphitheatre ntawm pob zeb. Nws yog yeej los ntawm Western qhov ua siab tshaj (Dehenet), uas yog tam sim no hu ua "el-Qurna." Meretseger - vajtswv poj niam-nab ( "hlub silence"), cov poj niam uas lub roob - mus tiv thaiv kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov neeg tuag. Nws guarded, raws li cov lus dab neeg, yog tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub hav ntawm lub poj vaj thiab lub hav ntawm lub vaj faus, tab sis kuj tombs ntawm nobles thiab zoo tib yam cov pej xeem. Yog hais tias koj yeej yuav tau mus mus no nyob rau hauv ib ncig saib, nws yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus coj raws li ib lub kaus mom, nyiam nkawm khau thiab lub koob yees duab. Siv lub camcorder thaum mus xyuas lub hav ntawm lub Pharaohs yog txwv tsis pub.

Valley ntawm lub Pharaohs (Valley ntawm tus vaj)

Valley ntawm tus vaj nto moo Thebes (Tim lyiv teb chaws). Duab yuav tsis qhia tag nrho nws cov splendor, fwm xwb nyob rau hauv ib feem niaj hnub no. Patroness ntawm lub hav ntawm lub kav cov vaj ntxwv, raws li peb tau hais tias, yog tus vajtswv poj niam meretseger. Qhov no yog qhov chaw xaiv vaj ntxwv Thutmose kuv (ntawm lub XXVI Dynasty) rau nws yav tom ntej kev faus neeg. Nws, nrog rau Ineni, lub tsev hais plaub kws kes duab vajtse, vam hais tias lub qhov ntxa nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb zoo dua lub pyramid, qhib ntsia ntawm tag nrho cov, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm looting. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom paub ntau txawm tias ruam tag zoov rau profit, deb ntawm lub tombs ntawm cov neeg tuag twb pw temples. Nyob rau hauv lub hav ntawm lub Pharaohs yog nyob 42 tombs. Ntawm no, yuav luag tag nrho cov yuav mus rau lub Pharaohs. Tsis zoo li cov rulers ntawm cov laus Kingdom, uas nws capital yog nyob rau hauv Memphis, Thebes ntawm lub Pharaohs ntawm lub tshiab Kingdom era ntawm lub pyramids tsis ua. Tombs raug txiav mus rau hauv lub pob zeb. Lawv sim mus nkaum ntawm prying ob lub qhov muag raws li meej li sai tau. Pob zeb loj loj puv nkag mus rau lub qhov ntxa, immured lawv. Tab sis cov no tricks yog tsis muaj peev xwm cawm tau lawv lub ntsiab.

Qhov no daim ntawv ntawm burial rau 500 xyoo tseem nyob li qub thiab zoo me ntsis xwb. Tag nrho cov tombs tau ua nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo. Zij txoj kev hauv tsev nrog ib tug ntev ntawm 200 meters, ua nyob rau hauv ib tug limestone roob. Nws mus steeply down mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 100 meters. Thaum kawg ntawm lub txoj kev hauv tsev muaj 3 los yog 4 ntawm lub chav tsev. Lub ceilings thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub chav thiab txoj cai huv nam them nrog dawb lias drawings, uas hnub no tsis tau poob lawv brightness. Lawv qhia ntawm lub exploits thiab lub neej ntawm tus tuag. Secret ntog qhov rooj coj mus rau lub sam chamber. Earthen mounds thiab toj ntawm lub ntsiab nkag disguised.

Los ntawm cov kev kuaj kom txog rau thaum hnub no mas zoo kawg li 64 tombs qhov ntxa Amenhotep II, Thutmoses III, Horemheb, Tut, Network kuv, Rasesa kuv, Merenptaha thiab lwm tus neeg. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm twb looted. Tsuas yog lub qhov ntxa uas Tutankhamun nyob rau hauv 1922, twb pom tag nrho lawm los ntawm Howard Carter, lub British archaeologist. Tutankhamun tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 19 thiab tsis yog dabneeg tseem ceeb vaj ntxwv cuaj kaum qhov ntxa yog tag nrho ntawm ornaments, kub thiab ntau yam treasures.

Hav ntawm cov poj vaj

Thebes (Tim lyiv teb chaws) - tsis yog tsuas yog lub hav ntawm lub kav cov vaj ntxwv. Muaj ntau lwm yam burials yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub nroog. Piv txwv li, ntawm no yog lub hav ntawm lub poj vaj. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tsis tsuas yog tus poj vaj twb faus nyob rau hauv lub hav no. Ntawm no yog tus so, tsuas yog cov niam thiab cov poj niam ntawm lub Pharaohs thiab Iyiv princes uas tuag thaum ntxov. Archaeologists nyob rau hauv no necropolis tau pom 70 tombs. Lawv nco ntsoov lawv sab nraud tsos tombs ntawm lub hav ntawm lub pharaohs, tab sis lawv loj yog dog dig me me thiab.

Cov ancient capital ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, Thebes - yog ib qho chaw nyob qhov twg koj yuav saib tau lub pleev xim rau qhov ntxa uas Nefertari, tus poj niam ntawm Ramses II. Qhov no qhov ntxa yog heev nthuav. Nws phab ntsa paintings ntawm cov phab ntsa rau saum qab nthab, cov lus piv txwv "Phau Ntawv cov neeg tuag." Lub cev tsim raws li ib tug starry ntuj, zoo tshaj qhov faus chamber. Qhov no qhov ntxa tom qab restoration (nyob rau hauv 1995) twb qhib dua rau cov pej xeem. Txawm li cas los, nkag ntawm no yog tsuas siv: nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm 10 cov neeg tso cai qhua thiab tsuas yog 10 feeb. Tsuas yog 150 cov neeg muaj lub sij hawm los mus xyuas nws rau lub hnub.

Cov paintings kuj adorn lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tombs ntawm cov tub Ramses III ntawm, thiab Khaemweset Amenherhepeshefa, thaum ntxov tuag. Xim phab ntsa painting glow yog li ntawd mob siab heev, tab sis yog hnub no tsuas pleev xim rau cov duab.

Valley nobles (nobles Valley)

Ib tug ntau ntawm ancient monuments yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws zoo li tim lyiv teb chaws. Thebes - yog tsis muaj exception. Lawv tsis tsuas lub qhov ntxa uas muaj ntau ntawm cov pharaohs thiab lawv cov poj niam. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam courtiers tau faus no, siab dignitaries thiab cov pov thawj uas xav nyob twj ywm tom qab kev tuag tom ntej no mus rau lawv cov rulers. Tombs lawv nom tswv cajceg tsim Valley - lossis loj necropolis nyob raws rau sab hnub tuaj nqes hav ntawm lub roob. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ntawm 5 cemeteries, uas yog hoob kawm ib ncig ntawm lub array ntawm pob zeb el-Tarif, el-Khokha, Kurnet Yakhauj murey, Asasif, Dra Abu el-Naga, thiab Sheikh txhab el-Qurna.

Feem ntau ntawm cov tombs ntawm Thebes (Tim lyiv teb chaws) hnub rov qab mus rau kev kav ntawm pharaohs, uas los ntawm XVIII thiab XIX dynasties. Txawm lub ancient kingdom yuav mus rau tus thawj burial Valley. Ntawm no lawv twb faus nyob rau hauv lub Theban Middle Kingdom normahov, piv txwv li governors ntawm tus vaj ntxwv uas kav Nome Uaset. XVII dynasty pharaohs thaum lub sij hawm thib ob hloov lub sij hawm xaiv qhov chaw rau lawv faus Dra Abu el-Naga. Lub rulers ntawm lub tshiab Kingdom necropolis twb tau tsiv mus rau nws Valley ntawm tus vaj, tawm hauv approximate dignitaries sab hnub tuaj highlands.

Tombs ntawm lub nobles, ntawm chav kawm, yog tsis raws li loj raws li cov tombs ntawm lub pharaohs, uas yog nto moo rau tim lyiv teb chaws (Thebes). Lawv muaj xws li feem ntau ntawm ntau qhov chaw - ib tug tag qhib loog phab ntsa, shrines thiab burial chamber, tawm hauv lub hauv av. Nkag mus rau hauv lub loog, txij thaum lub XIX dynasty, twb tsim raws li ib tug pylon, uas yog ib tug loj heev rooj vag, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ib feem ntawm lub architecture ntawm lub tuam tsev adorned lub nroog ntawm Thebes (Tim lyiv teb chaws), raws li zoo raws li lwm lub zos ntawm cov ancient lub xeev. Funerary steles tau ntsia nyob rau hauv lub vaj. Lub chaw dawb huv yog cov saum ntawm lub qhov ntxa tswv. Chaw Pam Tuag cult ntawm cov neeg tuag mus nws nyob ntawm no - nyeem ntau yam vaj lug kub, sacrifices nws lub neej lub zog, uas yog ntseeg yuav ib tug ntawm lub Cheebtsam ntawm tib neeg qhov. Grobnichnymi cones stoning lub qaum kev ib lub facade. Lawv immured nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm cov phab ntsa "kaus mom" av nplaum "lub paj" -tsilindry. Tshwj xeeb cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj rau hauv lawv lub txheej sab twb thov rau lub npe ntawm lub qhov ntxa tswv thiab nws posthumous lub npe thiab lub ntiaj teb.

Paintings thiab reliefs ntawm lub tombs ntawm nobles yog rightfully xam tau tias yog masterpieces ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, cov phab ntsa hauv lub tombs ntawm dignitaries koob hmoov rau theem ntawm lawv lub neej. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov paintings yog ib tug rog xav txog ntawm cov loj cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm ib nobleman thiab zoo, uas nws muaj peev xwm mus cuag tau. Qhov no twb ua tsis yog rau boasting. Lub Egyptians ntseeg tias tag nrho cov uas raug ntes rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov ntxa, nws yuav tau nrog los ntawm cov neeg tuag nyob rau hauv lub ntiajteb sab hauv thiab coj nws kev xyiv fab. Cov feem nthuav qhov ntxa nyob rau hauv lub necropolis Sheikh txhab el-Qurna. Nyob rau cov phab ntsa hauv ib co tombs nyob drawings ntawm lub ntees tuag ua koob tsheej nrog dancers thiab musicians, lub tsev hais plaub scenes, peasants tom hauj lwm. Nyob rau sab laug phab ntsa nyob rau hauv feem ntau qhia tau hais tias ib txoj kev ntawm lub neej ntawm tus tuag lawm, thiab tus so - lub koob tsheej ntawm nws kev faus neeg. Valley nom tswv cajceg nws thiaj li los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm kev faus muaj coob tus neeg. Niaj hnub no teb qhib ntau tshaj 500 tombs.

Colossi ntawm Memnon

Txhua neeg mus ncig tebchaws nyob rau ciam ntawm lifeless suab puam sands thiab hom qoob mog teb zoo siab txais tos Colossi ntawm Memnon nyob rau hauv Thebes (Tim lyiv teb chaws). Tours ntawm no yog tseem nrov heev. Qhov no giant pej thuam ntawm ib lub zos Amenhotep III. Thaum ob tug zaum cov nuj nqis, uas nws qhov siab yog 18 meters, guarded tus nkag mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm lub post-mortem ntawm cov vaj ntxwv, tsis fwm hnub no. Lawv nrhiav tau Greco-Roman graffiti, uas hnub rov qab mus rau kev kav ntawm huab tais Hadrian. Cov colossi nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm tau paub los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug ntawm lawv thaum pib luam tawm ntsaj. Nws twb ntseeg tau tias yog li ntawd zoo siab txais tos Ethiopian Memnon, uas twb tua nyob rau ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm cov Achilles thaum lub sij hawm Trojan ua tsov ua rog, Eos, vajtswv poj niam ntawm qhov kaj ntug, uas yog nws leej niam. Tom qab lub restoration nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 199 AD. e. suab ceased.

Ramesseum

Tsis txhob tso tseg lub zos attractions. Thebes (Tim lyiv teb chaws) - ib lub nroog uas muaj ntau npaum li cas kom muaj kev tourists. Cov lwm yam - ib tug loj heev chaw pam tuag tuam tsev rau rau siab ua tus vaj tswv Amun, uas kom qhov kev siv ntawm Ramses II. Niaj hnub no, cov tuam tsev no yog hu ua tus Ramesseum. Nws fwm rau hnub no nyob rau hauv ib tug heev Dilapidated mob. No lub tuam tsev yog ua nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob bank nroog ntawm Thebes (Tim lyiv teb chaws) Penrith kes duab vajtse nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm los ntawm lub monumental scale ntawm superior tsim thiab zoo sib xws monuments uas tau ua los ntawm cov pharaohs XVIII dynasty.

Nkag mus rau cov khaub ncaws ntau yog tam sim no pab raws li ib tug loj heev ntauwd ua los ntawm sandstone. Nws saum npoo yog them nrog pleev xim rau reliefs. Kev tsov kev rog nrog cov Hithai Ramses II tau xwm li nyob rau bas-reliefs. Tus thawj loog yog nyob sab nraum lub pylon. Nws yav qab teb phab ntsa tseem yog lub facade ntawm lub palace, uas yog nyob rau ntawm no. Ntaiv coj thib ob vaj, situated saum toj no thawj zaug. Giant pej thuam Ramses, 20 meters siab thiab hnyav kwv yees li ib txhiab. Tonnes, sawv nyob rau txhua sab ntawm tus ntaiv.

Txais tos nrog cov 16 txhua, nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm lub palace. Li no nws yog ua tau kom tau mus rau lub rooj huas tias chav tsev thiab lub private chav ntawm tus huab tais. Qab lub palace muaj ib tug poj niam lub tsev. Mus kom ze rau chaw pam tuag tuam tsev tau txais kev pab raws li lub thib ob loog Ramesseum. Cov mev yog dai kom zoo nkauj porticos. Kem Hall muaj 48 kab. Coloring lawv capitals txig fwm. Nws xyaum lub thickets ntawm papyrus, uas yog suav hais tias yog ntiv ntawm nyob mus ib txhis hluas. Cellars thiab lub ntsiab sanctuary, lub cult ntawm lub tuam tsev, nyob ntawm lub pillared nrog. Cov naas ej tsev qiv ntawv yog nyob rau hauv lub Ramesseum. Diodorus tsev kho mob hu ua nws tus plig. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj yog ib tug loj tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov xib hwb. Archaeologists pom nyob rau hauv lub plag tsev ntawm lub tuam tsev ncej nrog qhov kev faus ib tug pov thawj hauv lub Middle Kingdom. Magic Wands, papyri thiab ib co qhov ncauj qhov ntswg nyob rau hauv lub burial chamber ntawm lub qhov ntxa.

Medinet Habu

Cov peev ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws - Thebes - raws li koj kuj yuav tau pom, qhov no yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm cov plurality ntawm lub aristocracy ntawm antiquity. Peb piav qhia txog lwm xws chaw. Medinet Habu yog ib zaug ib lub chaw txua txiag zeb, destined rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab tombs. Ramses III ntawm, caum tus qauv nyob rau hauv Ramesseum, txiav txim siab los tsim nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Medinet Habu nws posthumous tuam tsev. Thaum tus nkag mus rau pylons depict scenes ntawm yeej tshaj cov yeeb ncuab ntawm tus vaj ntxwv. Mus rau sab xis ntawm lub rooj vag nkag, tsis pub dhau lub garrison phab ntsa, pom nplooj siab mus rau lub gods ntawm antiquity tuam tsev. Poob ntauwd Tombs poj niam ntawm tus vaj tswv Amun.

Tag nrho cov attractions muaj nqis kawm, yog koj mus nyob rau ib qho chaw twg rau tim lyiv teb chaws (Thebes). Nws yog ib tug tshaj plaws - mus nyeem cov hauj lwm ntawm lawv, lwm heev - mus saib nrog kuv tus kheej ob lub qhov muag. Twv yuav raug hu muaj nqis mus ntsib ib tug tim lyiv teb chaws. Thebes yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais rau cov kiv cua ntawm ancient keeb kwm thiab paub txog.