Tus nab npawj raws li ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Numerals: piv txwv

Cov zauv nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub lub neej ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm, nrog rau lawv cov kev pab cov neeg txiav txim seb tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom ticking, txiav txim loj, tus nqi thiab kev txiav txim ntawm qhov qhab nia. Lo lus hais tias yuav xaiv nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv los ntawm sau cov tsiaj ntawv thiab ua zauv, hu ua lub npe ntawm numerals. Lwm txhais yog: cardinal - cov lus rau ib theem tooj, los yog tus xov tooj.

Grammatical nta ntawm lub tus nab npawj

Tag nrho cov tokens denoting zauv thiab zauv feem, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg, tsiaj los yog cov khoom, yavlyalyutsya tej pab pawg neeg ntawm cov lo lus uas nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tag nrho tsim thiab tsis hloov.

Tej units yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, los yog, raws li lawv hais, tseem ceeb qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus thiab tej zaum yuav muaj ib co cim:

• lub tswvyim ntawm tus xov tooj raws li xws li: tsib, kaum, kaum tsib, thiab hais txog;

• Tus naj npawb ntawm tej yam khoom: ob lub tsheb, rau tsev;

• tag nrho cov nqi ntawm tej khoom uas yog suav.

Ntsig txog, thiab cov teeb meem rau lawv yog raws li nram no: li cas lub account? leej twg? ntau npaum li cas? Nyob ntawm seb tus nqi thiab cov teeb meem, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm tus nab npawj, lawv muab faib ua ob peb hom (peb mam li sib tham txog qhov no tom qab).

Piv txwv li: Peb caug (kawm) yog divisible los ntawm kaum. Rau rau - peb caug-rau (nominal ib feem ntawm lub predicate). Hais txog qhov chaw ntawm numerals nyob rau hauv ib tug kab lus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lawv yuav ua tau ob hom thiab ob. Lwm feature yog hais tias lub tus nab npawj raws li ib feem ntawm kev hais lus yog tsis sam los ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov lo lus. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev hais lus thiab kev sau ntawv, ua heev dua lwm yam los ntawm lub npe xov tooj. Cov syntax tus nab npawj raws li ib feem ntawm tus hais lus yuav ua tau ob qho tib si ib tug ib feem ntawm lub ntsiab thiab theem nrab ib feem ntawm cov kab lus.

Xyuam xim! Cov tus nab npawj qhia tus naj npawb, thiab cov noun txuam nrog nws, yeej ib txwm ua raws li ib tug inseparable ib feem ntawm cov kab lus. Piv txwv li: Peb taug kev mus rau nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov. Cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke pib nyob rau ntawm tsib teev. Cov menyuam ntxhais sib sau nees nkaum-tsib daisies.

hom numerals

Nyob rau sawv cev ntawm lub tus nab npawj muab tso rau cov nqe lus nug, koj yuav tau txiav txim siab tau uas qeb nws belongs. Los ntawm tus nqi thiab nta lawv muab faib ua ntau (ntau npaum li cas?) Thiab ordinal (dab tsi? Leej twg?). Nyob rau hauv lem, tus Cardinal tooj muaj xws li peb hom: collective, cov zauv feem thiab cov zauv.

Raws li cov xov tooj ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv cov qauv no yog ib feem ntawm tus hais lus, tsis hais txog ntawm qib, muaj peev xwm ua tau ib tug puas los yog yooj yim. Piv txwv li: lub plaub, lub peb caug-peb, tsib, rau caum-yim.

Nta npe cardinal

Ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm morphological nta, tus nab npawj li rau ib feem ntawm kev hais lus yog yuav luag ib txwm devoid ntawm, raws li muaj yog tsis muaj zoo ntawm qeb, thiab ntau yam ntawm cov lus muaj nta nyob rau hauv poob rau tus neeg mob. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog syntactic sab. Lawv dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov numerals, ua ke nrog nouns, yog irreducible thiab yeej ib txwm ua raws li ib tug neeg ntawm cov kab lus, tsis hais seb tus tso ib co lwm tus ib feem ntawm kev hais lus nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Piv txwv li: peb nights, plaub hnub, tsib hnub; peb zoo siab xib teg sawv nyob rau hauv silence.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lo lus yog tsis ib txwm indicative ntawm tus nqi tau numerals. Lub ntsiab qhov txawv feature ntawm no ib feem ntawm tus hais lus hais tias cov xov tooj yuav muab nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv lo lus thiab tus xov tooj. Piv txwv li: peb nees - nees los 3 nees trio.

Yuav ua li cas los mus hloov lub npe ntawm ntau numerals

Piv txwv numerals kev hloov uas yog zauv, yuav muaj nyob rau hauv conversational hais lus, thiab cov tsab ntawv.

Cov lus no yog peculiar rau tej grammatical nta:

• Nws hloov rau tus neeg mob:

Lawv. thiab lwm yam.: rau, yim.

R. p.: Rau, yim.

D. thiab lwm yam.: Rau, yim.

V. thiab lwm yam.: Rau, yim.

Tv. thiab lwm yam.: rau, yim.

P. n.: Lub rau, yim.

Affixes numerals nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus, cov uas lawv yog txuam.

• Ib txhia muaj ib yam ntawm cov qeb. Piv txwv li, ib tug zaj duab xis, ib tug hnub, ib tug birch; ob ntoo, ob lub pas dej loj, ob txhais tes.

• Nyob rau hauv lub plural thiab lub zoo tshaj yuav siv tau xwb tus nab npawj, thawj zaug daim ntawv uas yog - ib tug. Piv txwv li: ib lub rooj zaum, ib lub txaj, ib co phooj ywg, ib co laub. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tib lo lus tej zaum yuav siv tau raws li lub bounding hais siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim xwb, piv txwv li, ib co poj niam, ib txhia txiv neej.

• Yuav luag tag nrho cov cardinal tooj muaj yog tsis muaj qeb ntawm animate thiab tswg. Tsuas yog ib tug ntawm no yog cov tsuas xws xov tooj - ib, ob, peb, plaub. Thaum siv cov lus yog ib tug coj kev hloov txoj. Piv txwv li: plaub paj, lub plaub tug phooj ywg.

• numerals, piv txwv uas sawv cev rau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm ib yam dab tsi (ib lab, ib txhiab thiab ib billion), muaj lawv tus kheej grammatical sib txawv: yog txivneej los pojniam, tus xov tooj poob rau tus neeg mob. Tej lus nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus feem ntau coj raws li npe. Piv txwv li: ib tug lab roses, ib tug lab roses, ib tug lab roses, ib tug lab roses, ib tug lab roses.

Yuav ua li cas hloov Cheebtsam ntawm ordinal xov tooj

Tej yam yooj yim thiab compound numerals yog tsis yeem rau cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, zam txim rau kuv qhov xaus, tab sis cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv tus qhab yog raug rau xwb lub xeem lo lus. Piv txwv li:

Lawv. n.: ib txhiab peb puas yim caum-tsib.

R. p.: Txhiab peb puas yim caum tsib.

D. thiab lwm yam.: Txhiab peb puas yim caum mus rau lub thib tsib.

V. n.: Txhiab peb puas yim caum ntawm lub thib tsib (th).

Tv. n.: txhiab peb puas yim caum tsib.

P. n.: Ib txhiab peb puas yim caum tsib.

Yuav ua li cas hloov yog yooj yim ordinal tooj? Thaum specifying lub hnub ntawm xws li ib tug lo lus yuav tsum xav nyob ntawm seb lub ntsiab lus teb, tab sis lub npe ntawm lub hlis, uas yog txuam nrog rau cov xov tooj yog yeej ib txwm siv nyob rau hauv lub genitive cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li: Lub yim hli ntuj 10, lub thib kaum ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj kaum.

Qhov kev tshwm sim lub npe (nyiaj so koobtsheej Yim Lub peb hlis ntuj) tom qab defining lo lus - ib tug nyiaj so koobtsheej, lub hnub, hnub - koj yuav tau siv ib tug tus nab npawj nyob rau hauv lub nominative rooj plaub, thiab yuav tsum tau mus sau lo lus no nrog ib tug capital tsab ntawv.

Yuav ua li cas kom koj yaum tau rau tus neeg mob fractional xov tooj

Heev feem ntau, thaum lub poob ntawm fractional tus xov tooj, ntau yog poob thiab tsis meej pem lawv nrog puas numerals, txawm li cas los nyuaj qhov no yog tsis muaj dab tsi. Inclined nyob rau hauv xws li mob, tag nrho ob qho ntawm cov lus: thawj, qhia los ntawm ib tug xov tooj, thiab lub thib ob - ordinal tooj, uas sawv nyob rau hauv lub plural. Piv txwv li:

Lawv. n.: peb quarters.

R. p.: Peb quarters.

D. thiab lwm yam.: Peb-quarters.

V. n.: Peb quarters.

Tv. n.: peb quarters.

P. n.: Ib tug peb-quarters.

tshwj xeeb numerals

Feem ntau ua rau cov teeb meem thiab ib tug poob rau tus neeg mob collective numerals muaj ntau feem ntau tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev hais lus. Ntawm no nws ua hauj lwm tib yam cai raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov ntawm lub adjectives nyob rau hauv lub plural, m. E. Lub numerals nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ua tib yam kaw. Piv txwv li:

Lawv. n.: ob, tsib.

R. p.: Ob, tsib.

D. p.: Ob ntawm lawv, tsib.

V. p.: Ob, tsib.

Tv. n.: dvoimi, tsib.

P. n.: Ntawm ob tug ntawm tsib.

Nta yog lub tus nab npawj ob. Hloov rau tus neeg mob, ib tug collective lo lus nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab txiv neej ntaub ntawv tib zoo lawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv nws hais txog poj niam daim ntawv no, nrog tus poob, nws yog hloov dua siab tshiab kiag li. Piv txwv li:

Lawv. n.: - Ob, ob qho tib si.

R. p.: - Ob, ob qho tib si.

D. thiab lwm yam.: - ob qho tag nrho, ob qho tib si.

V. n.: - Ob, ob leeg, ob leeg, ob leeg.

Tv. n.: - ob qho tag nrho, ob qho tib si.

P. n.: - rau ob tug ntawm ob tug.

Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug morphological tsom xam

Ib tug ntawm cov ntxhais nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no muaj npe cardinal nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm yog ib tug tus nab npawj tsom xam ntawm morphological cim. Nws yuav ua raws li ib tug meej kev npaj khomob.

Tus thawj txhais ib tug sawv cev ntawm ib tug tus nab npawj raws li ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, yuav tsum npaj nws morphological nta.

Ntxiv mus, yuav tsum faib thawj zaug zoo parsed lo lus, uas qeb nws belongs (los yog ib tug ntau ordinal tus nab npawj) qauv (yooj yim los yog compound), thiab tshwj xeeb yog nws declination rau tus neeg mob.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej - lub ntsiab txhais ntawm uas tsis yog-tas mus li tej yam tshwm sim. Cov ntaub ntawv no, yog txivneej los pojniam thiab tus xov tooj, yog tias muaj, yuav tsum tau qhia.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, tus tsom xam qhia txog cov syntactic muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv ib tug kab lus, dab tsi yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus nws yog kev cob cog rua thiab seb qhov kev pom zoo nrog nws. Txawm tias qhov no tsom xam ntawm lub npe ntawm tus tus nab npawj yog tsis yog pab tau rau ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv koj lub neej (tshwj tsis yog tias yav tom ntej philologists), tab sis rau cov kev siv ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv yuav tsum tau kom nws ib tug yuav tsum.