"Tulip" system. 2S4 "Tulip" (240 hli) - ib tug self-propelled cug cog

Thaum lub sij hawm full-scale hostilities, thiab ntawm pem hauv ntej ua hauj lwm kom xa haib hluav taws ntaus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm missile thiab artillery txhais tau tias. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb yog cov tau ua puas tsuaj ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nres rau ntawm lub zoo-npaj defenses kab. Tua ntawm cov phom, tsim los koom towering saum toj no cov av dav hlau nrog ib tug ca trajectory lub projectile yog feem ntau tsis zoo. Muab zais underground fortification muaj kev tiv thaiv, ua puas rau lawv, nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug zoo pob los ntawm cov saum toj kawg nkaus. Tej zaum nws hloov tawm mus rau yuav piam, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub cheeb tsam loj ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab thermal yam, txawm tias ib tug system ntawm pov hluav taws.

"Tulip"

Cov duab no self-propelled mortar flashed rau qhov chaw thiab cov nplooj ntawv ntawm ntawv nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov tragic cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm Ukraine. Kws muaj txuj ci Minister Valery Geleta, mus saib hauv teb chaws Poland, hais tias muaj hais tias qhov no "tseeb" riam phom tso rau ntawm lub pov tseg ntawm lub militias ntawm sab hnub tuaj ciam teb rau qhov kev xeem nyob rau hauv ib tug tiag tiag kev sib ntaus los. Tam sim ntawd nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws tus kheej-propelled mortar yog los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias lub xeem lo lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog thiab hauj kev kho tshiab, nws yog muab tshem tawm ntawm ntau lawm rau ib tug peb lub hlis twg ntawm ib tug xyoo dhau los. Qhov twg muaj tub rog system "tulip"? Tub rog pab mus rau "sab qaum teb neeg nyob ze" nyob rau hauv dab tsi. Raws li neeg ua hauj lwm ob lub DNI (tab sis tsuas yog ob tug ntawm lawv) installation yuav thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua tus yeeb ncuab, APU, ib tug nyob rau hauv lub loj jug, lub lwm yam nyob rau Ilovaiskaya boiler. Tab sis cov feeb tsis meej yog intensified thaum lawv xa mus rau cov mysterious tshuaj thiab txawm nuclear riam phom uas yuav tua tau cov liam nws tus kheej-propelled mortar. Ntxiv uas tsis tau paub tseeb hais tias qhov phem tshaj kev ntshai ntawm Ukrainian lub tsev hauv paus ATO. Txawm li cas los, cov lus nug tseem raws li seb tus thaj av twb muaj kev pov plob tau siv militias riam phom uas huab hwm coj kev puas tsuaj, thiab yuav muaj dab tsi rau hauv lub system "tulip"? Yog nws tiag tiag li ntawd phem? Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev xaiv uas? Lub hom phiaj rau cov uas nws tau tsim thiab thaum twg? Yuav ua li cas puas tsuaj nws yuav ua tau tsim, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, dab tsi yog qhov tactical thiab kev cov ntaub ntawv? Vim lub heev mention nyob rau hauv lub xov xwm ntawm no hom ntawm riam phom yuav tsum nqa lub veil ntawm secrecy qab uas yog thaum artillery system "Tulip".

Hloov mus hloov los nyob rau hauv lub tog kab

Lub keeb kwm ntawm post-tsov rog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Soviet artillery self-propelled system yog tag nrho ntawm ua yeeb yam, thiab yog li nws yog heev nthuav. Tom qab ib qho impressive txhob ntawm Soviet missile technology, cov creation ntawm intercontinental ballistic muaj thiab lub lub community launch ntawm cov thawj satellite nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj ua nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm tus thawj Secretary of lub Central Committee ntawm lub CPSU , NS Khrushchev sawv lub notion uas phom tua projectiles - lub personification ntawm yav tas los hnub, "Pob zeb muaj hnub nyoog." Teem lub tog thawj coj sim mus hais lus cam, tab sis, muab nws ntse npau, ua rau nws es timidly, uas coj mus rau yuav luag tiav kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub Soviet Union artillery ntaub thaiv npog tsis yeeb ncuab pab tub rog. "Nyob rau hauv lub Riam" tau tag nrho cov loj-caliber phom, thiab txawm lub nkoj tua rog nyob rau hauv uas lawv tau ntsia. Tiam sis muaj tsim ... Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog CB B. Shavyrina tsim M-240 240 hli mortars, uas nyob rau hauv 1951 mus rau hauv series. Qhov hluav taws kub nws yuav kom nyob rau hauv ib tug deb ntawm 8 kilometers, thiab nrog spetszaryadom thiab mus txog rau 9.7 km. Mina (projectile nrog fins) tiv kev txom nyem 130 kg, nws yog noj mus rau hauv lub thoob breech, zoo li phom. Nws xav txog tej yam uselessness tau coj mus rau lub kaw ntawm ntau lawm nyob rau hauv 1958.

Tom qab tshem tawm ntawm tus ncej ntawm "Secretary General, txuj ci tseem ceeb neeg ua hauj lwm," tus tshiab coj noj coj ua tau rov qab mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib tug loj-caliber artillery kev sib ntaus los tsheb. Pub ib legacy ntawm tsov rog xyoo nyuaj siab qauv. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub rog, lub SU-100 thiab SU-152 yuav tsuas qhia lub inevitability ntawm tiav uselessness thiab obsolescence.

Meanwhile, lub US Army nyob rau hauv teb chaws Nyab Laj thov lub M-109 howitzer teb, yuav ua loj puas tsuaj rau lub Viet Cong pab tub rog. Txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv costing lub US Treasury ntau cheaply airstrike los yog ib tug missile salvo, thiab cov no tsis inferior.

Tsim chaw khaws koom nyob rau hauv artillery, tau muab cov neeg ua hauj lwm tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Central Committee thiab lub Council of Ministers ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej-propelled artillery systems. Nyob rau hauv lub lig sixties ntawm lub Kharkov Tsheb Laij Teb-tank Hoobkas tau sai li sai tau rau pib zus tau tej cov 2C2 "Carnation" 122mm, Volgograd ua 122-millimeter "Violet" thiab nyob rau hauv lub Urals, tau mus kawm los ntawm ob kuaj. Lawv ua "Acacia" (self-propelled howitzer 152mm) thiab mortar system "tulip". Xws li yog cov paj.

Teeb meem nrog tus chassis

Tau txais rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb cov qauv ntawm lub sij hawm, cov neeg ua hauj KB, coj los ntawm Yuriem Tomashovym, yuav muaj imagined nrog yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam teeb meem nws yuav ntsib. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau Perm Tshuab-Tsev tsob nroj lub npe hu ua tom qab VI Lenin (tam sim no tus "MZ"), lawv twb tsis ntshai tsis muaj teeb meem, thiab li qhia siv kuj solved tag nrho nyuaj paub tab, thiab muaj ntau yam. Eloquently txog lub peev thiab ingenuity ntawm lub Soviet engineers hais kaum copyright daim ntawv pov tau nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub project 2S4 "Tulip".

Lub ntsiab bottlenecks ob: ib tug ntau ntawm qhov ceeb thawj system thiab unprecedented rov qab rau mortar. Tracked tsheb, uas yog Ameslikas npaj mus thov, yog tsis txaus nqa lub peev xwm, nws yuav nqa 21,4 tons (uas yog tseem heev npaum li cas). "Tulip" system, txawm li cas los, tiv kev txom nyem ntau tshaj nees nkaum xya. State-wide tiv thaiv kev lag luam co-lag luam tau pab kom daws tau qhov teeb meem. CB "Transmash" twb muaj ib lub tsheb rau RK Launcher "Circle", uas txiav txim siab los siv, ua qhov tsim nyog yam ntxwv hloov. Hloov cov 400-horsepower engine nrog ib tug ntau haib (520 hp) solved qhov teeb meem zuj zus cov kev ceev thiab cov kev pab lub neej ntawm 3,000 mus 5,000 km), vim hais tias hluav taws kub "Tulip" systems tau nyob rau hauv ib tug tiag tiag kev tsov kev rog, txav ntau thiab sai dua lub foob pob ua ntxaij launchers. Koj muaj peev xwm tsis cam hais tias lub chassis mus KB Yu Tomashov tiav lawm, nws yuav tsum tau muab ho txais tau los ntawm hloov mus rau 80% ntawm lub ntsiab tracked puag, tab sis cov kev pab cuam los ntawm qhov kev koom tes nrog subcontractors yog undeniable.

Qhov ntawd yog qhov rov qab!

Thaum lub sij hawm, tus thawj sim tsab xeem av "Rzhevka" ob nrov nrov txhaj tshuaj rang. Peb ua raws li. Yog vim li cas - hnyav plaub ntug dynamic yoj uas tsim ib tug system ntawm "tulip". Super txhim khu kev qha thiab super-tawv tub rog machinery tsoo down thiab xa rov qab huab cua strike. Cov kev pab txhawb nqa phaj nyob rau ntawm lub vaj tse, tawg, thiab roj tso tsheb hlau luam crumpled li ntawv. Lub tshuab yog muaj zog heev, nws twb kwv yees 450 tons. yuav siv sij hawm nws tshaj xwb lub ntiaj teb, li ntawd, tus xav li cas ntawm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ncej yuav tsum tau muab tso tseg. tshwj xeeb lifting thiab tej chav tsev nrog hydraulic tsav tau tsim, muab lub thoob nyob rau hauv lub firing txoj hauj lwm.

Yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas siv zog them tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov chaw nyob ze Kaliningrad feem ntau haib howitzer cannon 152 hli caliber yuav tsis ua teeb meem loj mob rau lub pob zeb pillboxes, thaum lawv thawj hit rhuav tshem cov system ntawm "tulip". Riam phom, ua pov thawj nws cov hauj lwm zoo thiab kev cia siab tau ncaim mus rau hauv loj ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv 1969, peb luam tau ua, thiab cov qauv yog officially saws rau ob lub xyoos.

lub cev

Saab laaj - zoo zoo rau tag nrho cov riam phom. Paub tab technology thiab cov pov thawj kev cov ntaub ntawv uas txuas mus rau tus qauv cia siab rau, xa qhov ruaj surprises thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam. Ballistics thiab system yam ntxwv ntawm lub thoob hluav taws "Tulip" siab ua raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom M-240, tsim nyob rau hauv lub penultimate xyoo ntawm tus tsov rog nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm N. Kalachnikova thiab S. N. Dernova, muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv 1958. Perm Tshuab SKB tau tsim muaj ib tug cab "mortar nce", uas tsis tau tsiv mus nws tus kheej (yuav tsum tau tsheb laij teb), tab sis muaj ib theem siab ntawm firepower. Nws tsub lub breech, uas tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug lub rooj vag quav-up. Thaum nyob rau hauv 1967 pib tsim lub system, "Tulip", ib tug riam phom tau txais nws tus kheej chassis thiab ntau lwm chav nyob, muab nws ntau zoo meej, tab sis kuj cov nqi nws muaj ntau zog (mus txog 200 txhiab Soviet rubles).

Cov tsab yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab yooj yim tab sis heev txhim khu kev qha thiab yog, kuj nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog lub teb chaws cov kev cai. Recoil ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho tau uas ploj lawm, lub tshuab twb nruab nrog ib tug ntsia hlau mechanism aiming, xib xub rau hloov lwm lub tsev mus rau lub firing txoj hauj lwm, shvornevoy paw, compensators, lub hauv paus phaj (mus rau nws, nyob rau hauv lub kawg, thiab yuav tsum tau rov qab), raws li zoo raws li lub xub ntiag. Txawm ces, cov hluav taws yuav ua los ntawm yim kilometers, thiab nyob rau hauv 1953 qhov no deb twb txo mus rau 9.7 km ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm ntev-ntau tshwj xeeb feathered projectile.

Lub pob tw ntawm no hnyav mortar thiab legacy systems, "Tulip", txais yuav los ntawm lub Soviet Army pib nyob rau hauv 1971.

Tshwj xeeb cov mos txwv "daredevil"

Lub puas hwj chim ntawm tej riam phom yog txawv ntawm mortars. Rau nraum chaw thau khoom yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb mechanism. Funnel uas tawg tsim projectile phom 2C4 "tulip" uas 130 kg nyob rau hauv lub tawg muaj ib lub cheeb ntawm 10 meters. Lub ib txwm xwb yog ua los ntawm ob tug phaus ntawm TNT. Qhov no yog ib tug muaj hwj huam loj, tab sis sib nrug los ntawm hais tias, rau qhov kev vam meej yeej ntawm lub hom phiaj yog yuav tsum tau thiab raug. Yuav kom txhim kho nws yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb kev taw qhia system, uas muab lub sij hawm los mus nyob rau hauv-flight kho. Cov nyob rau hauv 1982, nws tau txais tshwj xeeb muaj tseeb "daredevil" (1K113) nrog ib tug me me loj xwb (69 kg), tab sis nruab nrog ib yim-sab tau foob pob ua ntxaij thrusters. Qhov no tshwj xeeb cov mos txwv, uas yog ib tug hybrid ntawm ib tug artillery plhaub, thiab cov missile nws muaj nws tus kheej tswj tsev, thiab ib tug pointer rangefinder. kev taw qhia kho yog nqa tawm los ntawm illumination nrog ib tug laser beam. khoom lag luam lub sij hawm yog tsawg tshaj li peb lub vib nas this, uas tsis tawm muaj sij hawm los mus ciaj sia yeeb ncuab nrog txawm lub feem ntau technologically advanced machinery muaj peev xwm ntawm hluav taws xob rog thiab qhia los ntawm electromagnetic cuam.

Lwm yam kev mines

"Daredevil" rau nws cov thawj lub hom phiaj yog lub projectile tsim los tua armored tsheb. Qhov no tsis tiv thaiv nws siv nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev pab raws qib, xws li quab yuam, uas tau nrhiav kev tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nyob rau hauv Afghanistan. Tsos riam phom twb tsis paub rau cov pej xeem, ua li cas, lub system "Tulip" - cov tub rog. Diam duab ntawm ib tug tsawg contingent ntawm Soviet Army cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm xav impress lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm ib tug loj loj mortar, yog objectionable nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm censorship rau yog vim li cas ntawm kev ua twj ywm. Tsis muaj zem nws tsis yog. Kev siv cov no hom ntawm riam phom yog tsis advertised. Arsenal mos txwv, uas yuav tsum tau them mortar 2S4 "Tulip" ntau haiv neeg. Blasting nqi hais pawg "Nerpa" nyob rau hauv lub tawg uas tawg khiav ri niab high-heev hais ZOF16 thiab caws nplaum "Sajda" muaj peev xwm ntawm napalm mus hlawv tag nrho lub neej nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm ze li ntawm 8000 square meters. m.

Tab sis sib nrug los ntawm cov ib txwm xwb, yuav siv tau thiab tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, tactical kuv nuclear fais fab nyob rau hauv ob kilotons (3VB4) los yog neutron ( "daim ntaub thaiv" los yog "cob"). Hais txog tshuaj munitions yog tsis paub, tab sis cov ntau yam ntawm kev sib ntaus los siv nyob rau hauv active-dav hlau me nyuam system mus txog kaum txhiab kilometers qhia hais tias xws li ib tug tau.

Uas yog zoo dua: "Tulip" los yog MRL?

Yuav kom xa loj heev los raug tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm thoob ntiaj teb tsis sib haum ntawm tsis ntev los no xyoo nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, feem ntau nws siv MLRS "Grad" BM-21. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm zoo, xws li kuj tsis tshua muaj nqi, simplicity, kev cia siab thiab kuj zoo kawg puas hwj chim ntawm ib tug disadvantage, tab sis loj Thov phais strike "Grad" tsis tau. Nws zoo li yog tshwm, tsis muaj li rau tus kho lus ntawm lawv tsim tsis tau, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev nws tsis yog rau no system yog tsim. Yog hais tias koj xav mus ntaus lub tsev hauv paus, kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab los yog lwm yam khoom me me, nws yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tiv nrog no ua hauj lwm mortar "Tulip". ntau lub community launch foob pob ua ntxaij system ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, nws zoo li "dig muag". Los sib piv ob le caag rau ib tug thiab tib yam hluav taws kub hluav muaj nuj nqi yuav tsum muaj tus sawv cev los ntawm ib tug rab ntaj thiab ib tug dagger. Ib yam ntawm cov hom bladed riam phom yuav tsum tau, tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv - lawv lub sij hawm.

Nyob rau tib lub npaum li cas, "Tulip" yog tsis heev me me rau lub seev nrog xws li ib tug loj loj ntawm cov mos txwv, ib tug txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv ib feeb, uas yog tsib lub sij hawm sai tshaj li qhov chiv keeb M-240. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb teb them mechanism, yees ua los ntawm Yu Tomaszów.

Nyob rau hauv cov mob uas ib tug loj heev missile thiab artillery kev npaj, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau siv xws li sophisticated riam phom raws li lub "tulip". ntau foob pob ua ntxaij launchers "Nag xob nag cua" (los yog "Tsev fuabtais") yuav zoo, thiab ntau yam (txog li 40 km), thiab tus naj npawb muab nyob rau hauv chav tsev zoo li lub sij hawm.

Afghanistan

Tom qab qhov ntxeem tau ntawm lub koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm Afghanistan, cov tub rog coj noj coj ua tsis tau tam sim ntawd menyuam lub peev xwm ntawm no ua tsov rog. Ntawm cov hom phiaj vim li cas rau qhov no muaj xws li cov tsis muaj kev xyaum thiab shooting kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv lub roob, thaum lub theem ntawm lub firing cov ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phaj txawv considerably. Kuv yuav tsum tau kawm nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm hostilities. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws twb xav tias raws li xws li ib tug loj-scale ua tsov rog yuav tsis tau, thiab pab tub rog tsis ntev, tom qab ib nyuag zoo thiab kev pab rau cov rov qab mus rau lub USSR. Muaj teeb meem nrog kev thauj mus los nyob rau hauv cov neeg pluag mob rocky txoj kev ntawd hnyav machines, lub system "Tulip". Cov tshuaj khib, txawm li cas los, yog nyob rau hauv coob tshaj lub sij hawm. Ntawm 588 phom manufactured ua ntej 1988, nyob rau hauv lub Afghan kev tsov kev rog, tau mus kawm los ntawm 120 units cov txheej txheem no. Siv mas pa high-heev fragmentation zoo li, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, thaum lub yuav tsum tau siab raug swb artillery thov lub "Braves" laser kho, qhov yuav tshwm ntawm ib tug tib neeg hit nyob rau hauv lub peb-meter lub hom phiaj uas los mus 90%. Ntawm kev tseem ceeb system "tulip" mas yuav kis tau nyob rau hauv lub phem fortified chaw nruab nrog ntawm castles los yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev uas tsuas camps nyob rau hauv tej qhov tsua. Nws muaj ib tug nqi ntawm lub zos things. Lub ntsiab khoom siv detachments ntawm anti-tsoom fwv rog rau qhov kev siv ntawm tej chaw tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Afghanistan tau argillaceous pob zeb pob zeb mos mos txaus hais tias lawv poob ib tug 122-hli howitzer zoo li, uas yog tsis tau tawg thiab, raws li, ho tsis ua kom ntau raug mob rau defenders. Art. system "Tulip" tau ua nws 240-millimeter 130-kilogram kuv muaj zog heev kev puas tsuaj. Thiab thaum twg koj xav txog hais tias ib tug ntau ntawm lub hwj chim ua ke nrog ib tug high school cov neeg ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, lub usefulness ntawm cov riam phom mas, yuav tsum heev tsim nyog. Afghanistan yog tus thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws kev sib ntaus los siv. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, tsis kawg.

Chechnya thiab lwm yam cov tub rog campaigns

Ntawm cov ntau regional tsis sib haum uas erupted nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los Soviet Union tsocai tom qab nws lub cev qhuav dej, lub feem ntau txaus ntshai rau lub Lavxias teb sab xeev thiab nws cov zeem muag yog lub Chechen tsov rog. Nws pib heev phem heev, thiab twb tau soj xyuas nrog rau cov kev siv ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov hom ntawm riam phom, tsis muaj raws li tej los xij ntawm proportionality. Thiab ua ib tug dag sib ntaus sib tua. Tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob Dzhokhar Dudayev tau liam tsoom fwv teb chaws pab tub rog nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm nuclear riam phom. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj atomic bombs lub Lavxias teb sab tub rog tsis yog pib dua. Lub palace raug rho tawm haujlwm system "Tulip". Duab ntawm lub ruins, txawm li cas los, yuav yog nyob rau lwm stretch dag lus piv txwv txog qhov no version ntawm cov txheej xwm. Mina tsoo los ntawm lub-ru tsev, pem teb tag nrho cov plag tsev thiab pob tawg lawm, ua ib tug txaus ntshai roar nyob rau hauv lub cellar.

Thaum lub sij hawm thib ob Chechen phiaj los nqis tes, ib tug precision riam phom tau siv ntau lug. 2S4 "Tulip" rau thawj ob lub hlis ntawm cov yeeb ncuab raug rho tawm haujlwm ntau tshaj li ib txhiab feeb, xws li 60 laser-kho thiab 40 pawg.

Artillery thiab mortar system "Tulip" yog tshwj xeeb, nws twb tsis muaj analogues nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov tub rog affairs. Ib yam dab tsi uas zoo sib xws yog sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II los tsim Americans, tab sis lub project tsis ntev, "stalled" tom qab engineers muaj ces yuav tsum ib tug xov tooj ntawm teeb meem, thiab tom qab lub teb chaws Yelemees tus swb, cov Pentagon tau poob kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled hnyav mortar.

Lub "Tulip" yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis zoo. Lub tshuab yog hnyav, nws phau ntawv no yog theej zwj ceeb, txij thaum lub loj ntawm seev yog heev. Cov neeg coob, muaj raws ntawm tsib cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug kev sib tsoo nrog ib tug zoo-cob qhia thiab armed nrog anti-ua phem pab pawg neeg txhais tau tias tus yeeb ncuab yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem. Kws txawj nco ntsoov lub kuj me me zoo ntau (tsawg tshaj li 10 km rau pa zoo li thiab mus txog rau nees nkaum active-reactive), uas worsens lub tej yam kev mob ntawm daim ntawv thov spetszaryadov (uas twb tsis tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag).

Zoo, nws tsis yog tsis muaj drawbacks ntawm technology. Thiab dua li, "Tulip" yog tsis ua txij li thaum 1988.