Su-47 "Berkut": cov duab, zog. Yog vim li cas nyob ze rau peb tes num?

Aircraft siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tub rog kheej, peb muaj ib txwm them rau kev mloog kom - qhov ntev ntawm lub ciam teb rau lwm yog ib tug loj loj, tiam sis vim tsis muaj kev sib ntaus los aircraft nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub 90 xyoo no sector tau muaj kev tswj los mus ciaj sia. Tej zaum ib tug neeg nco ntsoov qhia cov tsos ntawm cov C-37, uas tom qab tsim rau hauv lub Su-47 "Berkut". Cov nyhuv ntawm nws cov tsos tau zoo kawg li, nrog tus tshiab technology tau tshwm sim los zoo kawg paj tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws. Vim li cas no tshwm sim?

Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam

Qhov tseeb hais tias lub dav hlau tau attracted thoob ntiaj teb paub vim hais tias ntawm lub rau pem hauv ntej-swept tis. Excitement yog xws li hais tias txawm hnub no lub kev sib tham ntawm peb tes num Pak FA rau cov neeg txheej xwm tsis tau. Tag nrho cov kws txawj kwv yees ib tug exciting tshiab txoj kev loj hlob yav tom ntej thiab xav thaum yuav Su-47 nyob rau hauv cov tub rog "Berkut". Yog vim li cas kaw cia rau hauv lub project yog hais tias nws yog tag nrho ces zoo kawg nkaus? Nyob rau qhov no, raws li zoo raws li lub milestones ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no lub dav hlau niaj hnub no thiab peb mam li tham.

"Top daim card" yam khoom

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias thawj tsab coj mus rau lub skies nyob ze Moscow thaum kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1997. Tab sis cov heev fact ntawm nws lub neej los ua lub npe hu npaum li cas lawm. Twb nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm 1994, lub Western xov xwm tau hais ntau ntau zaus sau tias nyob rau hauv Russia yog tsim ib co tsis pub leejtwg paub lub dav hlau. Txawm raug nplua lub npe no qhia - lub C-32. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws nkawd hais tias lub pub leejtwg ntawm lub fact ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov aircraft tau tsim rau peb, vim hais tias cov xov xwm thiab cov western lub xeev ntawm qhov rov qab cheb sau openly.

Domestic tib cov tub rog technology lovers txais kev qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no kom txog thaum lub kawg ntawm 1996. Nyob rau hauv domestic periodicals duab nyob, tam sim ntawd tshwm sim los ib tug ntau ntawm cov lus nug. Nws yog ob dav hlau: ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib qho yooj yim mus twv cov Su-27, tab sis lub thib ob lub tsheb yog tsis yog txhua yam uas zoo sib xws. Firstly, nws yog kiag li dub, uas rau lub domestic Cua Dag Zog Yuam yog tsis heev raug, thiab tib ob, tau swept tis. Tom qab lwm ob peb lub hlis (thiab qhov no yog tsis muaj surprise) nyob rau hauv tib txawv teb chaws xov xwm muaj haum ncauj lus kom ntxaws tswvyim ntawm tus tshiab aircraft. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg tsis xav hais tias nws yog tus Su-47 "Berkut".

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, ib qhov nqi ntawm kev ua twj ywm mus saib tag nrho cov tib tau tejyam: nws muab tawm tom qab tias peb tes num hauj lwm twb pib nyob rau hauv lub 80 lub. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem sau yuav luag tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm no zoo, "tag nrho cov ntawm ib tug Sudden." Hais tias, txawm li cas los, yog tsis xav tsis thoob.

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov pib

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 70s tag nrho cov saum toj kawg nkaus tswj ntawm lub USSR Cua Dag Zog Yuam qhia nyob rau hauv aircraft tswv yim rau lub xyoo yuav tuaj. Twb tau nyob rau 1981, pib qhov kev pab cuam, cov aim yog los tsim "ib tug tshiab fighter rau lub '90s." Lub ntsiab tsim chaw ua hauj lwm tsa Mikoyan. Tab sis cov coj noj coj ntawm lub Sukhoi project ua tsis tau tejyam mus hais tau tus tub ceev xwm hais tias tus uas twb muaj lawm Su-27 yog ib qho impressive foundation rau Modernization, thiab yuav tsum yog li ntawd yuav tau tsim uas twb muaj lawm tshuab es "reinvent lub log".

Cia li nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm CEO ntawm CB nws los ua MP Simonov, tiam sis tseem txiav txim siab los tso tseg kev pab them nqi rau modernize los ntawm muab los tsim ib yam dab tsi tiag tiag tshiab. Qhov no yog kev lom zem ntau vim lub fact tias cov designers yeej xav mus sim ib tug xov tooj uas interesting lub tswv yim, tsis muaj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm "hlawv" nyob rau lub ua tsis tau tejyam project: nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm yuav ntaus nqi mus rau tag nrho cov tshiab. Txawm li cas los, txawm ces muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg hais tias cov uas yuav tsis tshua muaj neeg tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, yam tsawg kawg ntawm ib tug scientific thiab engineering standpoint.

Vim li cas koj xaiv lub "tsis yog" tis?

Yog li ntawd, yog vim li cas yog pioneering lub Su-47 "Berkut" yog tis forwardswept? Piv rau pa designs, nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem loj zoo:

• Rau yav tom ntej aerodynamics, txawm nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj speeds, qhov no kom zoo dua yuav pom tam sim ntawd.
• Superb buoyancy, superior rau cov neeg ntawm lub classic designs ntawm cov tis.
• Paub tuav cov yam ntxwv thaum lub sij hawm takeoff thiab tsaws.
• Ho yuav tsis mus rau lub "qhov muag tsis pom" tailspin.
• Zoo nkauj kawm tuab si lug - raws li cov load-tau cov kabmob ntsiab ntawm lub tis txav mus rau tus Tsov tus tw, nyob rau hauv lub central compartment tso ntau qhov chaw rau cov muaj kuab arrangement ntawm cov mos txwv.

yam ntxwv muaj teeb meem

Tag nrho cov saum toj no yog raws tau los mus tsim ib tug tiag tiag zoo meej fighter. Tab sis yog hais tias nws yog li ntawd zoo, lub ntiaj teb no cov tub rog yuav tau ntev txij li ya rau tej aircraft. Lub fact tias peb muaj yuav daws tau txoj kev tsim txoj kev sib tw nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov cav tov:

• Lub elastic divergence ntawm lub tis. Cias muab, nws yog tsuas cov nyob rau tej speeds. Qhov no tshwm sim, los ntawm txoj kev, sib ntsib thiab nyob rau hauv Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov twg muaj me nyuam no yuav tsim ib tug zoo xws li cov aircraft. Cov zajlus kom tshuaj yog ua rau kom cov rigidity rau lub siab tshaj plaws.
• Sharply nce tus luj ntawm lub aircraft. Thaum lub tis ntawm cov muaj nyob rau ntaub thaum nws tau txais hnyav heev.
• Ua ib tug luag coefficient. Cov kev configuration ntawm cov tis ua rau ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv kuj cheeb tsam nrog tag nrho nws cov txim.
• Txaus biased aerodynamic kom pom tseeb, uas zoo eliminates qhov kev tuav piloting nyob rau hauv ntau zaus: mas nws yeej tau ib tug "ntse" electronics tswj.

Designers muaj ib tug ntau ntawm hws los daws kom tau cov teeb meem no, yog li ntawd lub Su-47 "Berkut" yuav nquag ya.

Lub ntsiab hauj dlaws

Txaus sai sai txiav txim seb lub ntsiab kev daws teeb meem. Mus cuag tej yam hardness, tab sis hais tias tsis tshooj lub qauv, lub tis txiav txim siab los ua lub siab tshaj plaws tau siv cov pa roj carbon fiber. Qhov twg ua tau, peb zam tej hlau. Tab sis, ces nws muab tawm hais tias txhua yam ua nyob rau hauv lub USSR aircraft xyaw yuav tsis muab qhov yuav tsum tau thrust, thiab yog li ntawd peb tes num ib ntus slowed down.

C-37, tus thawj preimage

Ntawm no yog lub creators ntawm lub Su-47 (S-37) "Berkut" poob rau ib qho nyuaj lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, peb tes num feem ntau yuav cev qhuav dej vim loj hlob economic teeb meem, tab sis intervened Navy coj noj coj ua, uas muaj rau cov ua ntawm lub aircraft carrier-raws li fighter foundations. Thaum pib ntawm lub 90s, soj ntsuam rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tis nyob tom qab cheb, siv tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm kev siv. Nruj me ntsis hais lus, nws ces nyob "Berkut" Su-47 project.

Achievements ntawm designers thiab engineers

Qhov loj tshaj kev kawm tau ntawm cov designers yuav xyuam xim xav hais tias cov creation ntawm lub cim technology ntawm manufacturing ntev qhov chaw ntawm complex puas cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj kev tswj los mus cuag tiag tiag siab precision nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom. Cov coos ib feem ntawm lub aircraft Su-47 "Berkut", ib tug yees duab uas koj yuav pom nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm no yog yim meters nyob rau hauv ntev. Cias muab, me ntsis kom paub meej, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv nrog lub siab tshaj plaws yog cov neeg muaj kev cob cog nrog txhua lwm yam, dramatically txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov bolted thiab riveted pob qij txha. Qhov no yog ib tug heev tej yam zoo ob leeg rau rigidity thiab aerodynamics thoob plaws hauv lub aircraft.

Pawg project aircraft nce 20 tonnes, thiab tsis tsawg tshaj li 14% yog complex composites. Rau cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj simplification ntawm lub ntsiab lus ua kom tau serially ua machine. Yog li ntawd, teeb, chassis xov tooj ntawm lwm yam ntxwv hais lawm tau tsiv mus rau lub Su-47 "Berkut" txoj cai los ntawm nws ua tsis tau tejyam "txwv zeej txwv koob" - SU-27.

Los ntawm pem hauv ntej ntawm ntug tis nqes hav yog 20 °, lub rear phab ntsa ntawm tus nqi yog 37 °. Lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm tshwj xeeb yaj, uas txo lub luag coefficient lawm. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov tis ntug yuav siv sij hawm li rau tag nrho cov mechanization. Tag nrho nws cov tsim - nruam composites, thiab tsuas yog 10% ntog rau hauv hlau inserts ntxiv mus cuag tus yuav tsum tau lub dag lub zog thiab mob heev.

tswj

Ncaj qha rau lub sab ntawm cov huab cua kom tsawg muaj tag nrho-tsiv kab rov tav Tsov tus tw, uas muaj ib tug Trapezoidal zoo. Tus Tsov tus tw los ua ke yog tseem ua li cas rau ib tug swept layout. Vertical tus Tsov tus tw yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau cov tag nrho cov tib Su-27, tab sis nws tag nrho cheeb tsam yog ho loj. Qhov no twb tiav los ntawm kev ua teeb meem loj cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov qauv: nws yog mus ua hauj lwm ntau nraaj, thiab yog li ntawd ntau thiab tsawg pab poob.

Tus ntoo khaub lig-seem ntawm lub fuselage nyob ze rau qhov dawb sab nraum lub txee yog heev "yaim" thiab raws li ntseeg nkaws li sai tau. Cov hneev nti ntawm lub me kev hloov tau yuav luag nkaus borrowed los ntawm cov Su-27. Nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub cockpit muab tso yooj yim, mus cua intakes. Thaum lub sab saum toj ntawm lub fuselage yog muaj, tab sis tus tsav muaj lub peev xwm los tswj lawv thaj tsam, uas resorted nyob rau hauv khaus maneuvers, takeoff los yog tsaws. Raws li koj tau pom nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab, nyob rau hauv sab ntawm lub nozzles ntawm lub Su-47 "Berkut", tus yam ntxwv uas peb xav, muaj me me nodules hauv uas radar los yog lwm yam khoom siv yuav muab tso rau.

fais fab nroj tsuag

Txij li thaum tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv tsis haum, lub xyaw tau muab tso rau ib tug dav hlau qauv turbofan D-30F11. Lawv, incidentally, yog siv nyob rau hauv lub Mig-31. Lawv ntsawj lub tsheb no yog kom meej meej tsis txaus, tab sis nws twb assumed tias nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau los tsim ntau high-torque thiab yig qauv. Txawm li cas los, txawm nyob rau hauv takeoff hnyav 25.5 tons cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov motors ntau tshaj li siv tau. Thaum siab altitude davhlau ceev mus txog 2.2 txhiab km / h tom hiav txwv theem, qhov no daim duab yog 1.5 txhiab. Km / h. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntau yam - 3.3 txhiab kilometers, "qab nthab" qhov siab - 18 kis lus mev.

Khoom thiab riam phom

Rau pom tseeb yog vim li cas, qhov tiag ib feem ntawm lub onboard khoom yog lub npe hu heev me ntsis. Koj muaj peev xwm rightfully xav tias ib feem ntawm nws twb pauv mus rau Su-27. Lub navigation system coj kom zoo dua ntawm muab real-time cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov tub rog satellites. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv aircraft rooj ncaws twb teem qauv K-36DM, thiab raws ho los ntawm raug ntau lawm ua qauv. Qhov tseeb hais tias nws rov qab yog nyob rau ntawm 30 ° rau hauv lub kab rov tav.

Qhov no twb ua rau tus pilots yuav yooj yim txav loj loj overload uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm khaus Maneuvering ntawm huab speeds. Raws li muaj nyob rau cov ntaub ntawv, lwm yam ntawm lwm yam uas yog npaum li cas ncaj qha los ntawm lwm lub tua hluav taws, thiab raws li ib tug "pub" yog feem ntau siv los ntawm tus Su-27.

Txij li thaum lub aircraft tsuas yog kev sim, nws twb tsis nqa riam phom nyob rau hauv tus (los yog cov lus qhia txog nws daim card). Tsis tau tis nyob rau sab laug influx kom meej meej pom qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub automatic cannon (muaj pov thawj hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tsab ntawm nws tag nrho cov tib set), thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nkoj muaj ib tug dav compartment foob pob riam phom. Zaum thiab cov tub rog nyob rau hauv ib lub suab hais tias lub project yog caum heev dua lwm yam soj ntsuam kuaj cov ya qualities ntawm no hom ntawm machinery, tab sis vim hais tias ntawm ib co cim riam phom tsis tau rau lub rooj tsavxwm cov Su-47 "Berkut". Yog vim li cas kaw cia rau hauv lub peb tes num, uas muaj twb muaj pov thawj los ua ib tug heev pheej?

Vim hais tias ntawm yog dab tsi lub project kaw?

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias active tshuaj ntsuam txog ntawm no tsab lasted kom txog thaum lub nruab nrab-2000s. Peb tes num twb kaw vim hais tias nws tau muas thaum chiv thawj los ua ib tug tsav. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas tau raug sau nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm cov hauj lwm tseeb nuj nqi heev. Ntiaj teb no ua yuam kev yog xav hais tias nws yog tus fifth-tiam fighter. Su-47 "Berkut" - tsuas yog nws chiv keeb, tab sis tsis tshua tseem ceeb heev. Yog li ntawd, peb twb paub tias lub hauv paus foob pob bay nws yog zoo tib yam los rau qhov tseeb Pak FA. Yeej kawg nws nyob tsis lo ... Tsuas yog cov tub rog paub yuav ua li cas tib tooj ntawm kev tswv yim nrog rau cov aircraft yuav siv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Koj muaj peev xwm tsuas ua tau nco ntsoov hais tias yuav muaj ib tug ntau.

neej yav tom ntej prospects

Dua li ntawm qhov theoretical kaw ntawm peb tes num, tus qauv ntawm lub Su-47 "Berkut" tseem ua rhuab sib cav tswv yim rau domestic thiab txawv teb chaws pab: cov kws txawj hais lus cam uas muaj zeem muag rau no hom ntawm cov cav tov. Txhiab lub sij hawm lub pros thiab cons ntawm cov txheej txheem no tau los sib tham. Thiab tseem muaj kev pom zoo hais txog dab tsi yog tos rau zoo xws li cov aircraft nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej: seb puas yuav ua kom tiav oblivion, los yog hloov mus rau tag nrho cov BBC ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo xws li cov txheej txheem. Muaj ntau pom zoo hais tias lub ntsiab lub chaw khuam siab rau xws li ib tug ntiaj teb no hloov yog tsis muaj tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab yees siv nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm "Berkut".

Zuag qhia tag nrho, peb tes num no yuav ua tau vam meej. Txawm hais tias Su-47 "Berkut" thiab yog tus thawj (tab sis yog koj yeej tsis paub) qhov tseeb fighters, nrog rau cov teeb meem ntawm cov "dawb nas", nws coped brilliantly. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau nws twb khiav-nyob rau hauv kaum ob ntawm tshiab tsim tau, tag nrho cov uas yog tseem txwv kom muab zais. Tej zaum, nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kom txhob muaj tus nqi ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib co complex polymers, peb yuav rov qab mus saib qhov no zoo nkauj aircraft nyob rau hauv lub ntuj, yeej reminiscent ntawm qhov kev hlub ntawm ib tug noog of prey.