PT-76 amphibious tank: hauj lwm, yam ntxwv thiab nthuav tseeb

Ua ntej qhov pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union muaj ib tug yawm kev nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm floating armored tsheb. Nyob rau hauv lub plaub caug-thawj xyoo ntawm lub Red Army yog cov coob fleet xws li ib tug txheej txheem, txawm li cas los, thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus los ua hauj lwm feem coob ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm kev puas tsuaj yeeb ncuab pab tub rog. Tus so ntawm lub tshuab yog kom meej meej tsis zoo ib yam nrog rau cov hom phiaj ntawm lub tsoom fwv thiab yuav tsis txaus kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov tub rog. PT-76 qauv - floating tank, uas yog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub serial yog tom mus rau lub post-tsov rog xyoo. Thaum nws puag yog tso ib tug ob peb kho. Xav txog tus yam ntxwv thiab nta ntawm lub amphibian.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Amphibious tank PT-76 twb npaj kom equip lub cannon caliber 76 hli. Nws yuav tsum muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm thauj khoom cia mos txwv thiab yuav tau hloov mus rau lub armor mus rau nees nkaum plav. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab technology tsim chaw khaws coj tshaj lub shipbuilding cog rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod ( "Liab Sormovo").

Tus thawj khub ntawm prototypes tau ua nyob rau hauv 1948. Tu siab, tus qauv tsis dhau qhov kev xeem, tom qab uas txoj kev loj hlob coj lub koom haum ntawm Thauj Engineering nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg (Leningrad). Manufactures tam sim no tau tsa Stalingrad thauj nroj tsuag. Zuag qhia tag nrho kev tswj ntawm qhov kev tsim nqa tawm zh. Ya. Kotin. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv nws coj noj coj ua tsim hnyav self-propelled artillery. Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov hlau lead designer ua Shamshurin NF

Tus tshiab peb tes num tau txais index 740. Los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1950 tso tawm ib tsab. Rau hauv loj heev xeem tshiab kev sib ntaus los lub tsheb nyob rau hauv lub taub hau muaj surpassed nws competitor (K-90 los ntawm Moscow manufacturers), dhau ntse tag nrho cov obstacles. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1951, cov kwv lub npe hu ua "amphibious tank PT-76" thiab tau txais.

tsim nta

Xam tias yog tub rog tshuab muaj ib tug classical layout, nws yog hais txog ib qho yooj yim hauv chav kawm ntawv. Armored Corps muaj peb compartments:

1. tswj department, tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub rab hneev.
2. Sib ntaus sib tua compartment nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, nruab nrog ib tug conical ntauwd configuration.
3. Lub hwj chim pob thaum lub tsheb ntawm lub vaj tse. Muaj yog ib tug diesel cav thiab ib tug khub ntawm dej dav hlau (thawj siv nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem no).

Lub serial ntau lawm ntawm lub tsheb twb pib twb nyob rau hauv 1951. pawg ntau lawm txuas ntxiv kom txog thaum 1967 nrog ib tug tag nrho pipeline tuaj down txog plaub txhiab luam. Nyob rau hauv 1967, cov khoom siv raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev pab cuam.

PT-76 tank: Nta

Cov nram qab no yog cov tswv yim zoo thiab kev npaj:

• Khoom qeb - floating tank.
• Qhuav xyoo - 1951.
• Cov neeg coob - peb cov txiv neej.
• Lub Circuit Court kho - classic.
• Qhov ntev / dav / qhov siab - 6,91 / 3,18 / 2,19 m.
• armor thickness - los ntawm 5 mus rau 13 hli, nyob ntawm seb txoj hauj lwm (qhov ntswg, sab, hauv qab, ntauwd).
• Base - 4.08 meters.
• Khiav - 2,74 hli.
• Lub lumen ntawm txoj kev - 37 cm.
• Booking hom - kuav los tiag homogenous steel siab zog.
• Riam phom - rifled phom caliber 76 hli tshuab rab phom SGMT 7,62 hli.
• Txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv ntau yam - mus txog rau 12 km.
• ntaus pom - telescopic hom TSHK-66.
• Fais fab nroj tsuag - diesel cav V-6 ua 240 horsepower.
• ceev index (nyiaj pab ntau tshaj) - 44 km / h nyob rau hauv av, 10.2 km / h - afloat.
• Nyhav - 14 tons.
• Trench - 2.8 m.
• Cruising ntoo khaub lig lub teb chaws / afloat - 210/70 km.
• Raug tshem tawm - ib tug neeg Torsion hom.
• Cov hwj huam - 17.1 liters. s / m.

Txhia soj ntsuam thiab kev sib txuas lus

Hnav floating FET-tank 76 yog txawm peem rau nrog peb periscopic pab kiag li lawm uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib yam turret commander. Fixtures yog mounted nruj nreem thiab muab ib tug zoo txheej txheem cej luam ntawm ib tug es nqaim sector.

Devices muaj fivefold nce nyob rau hauv teb pom thiab 7.5 degrees ntawm lub qab ntug. Lub sab yog periscopes TNP nrog ib magnification. Them rau saib tej thaj chaw muaj peev xwm siv tsuas yog ib zaug xwb teb ntaus ntawv mus rau kom lub MK-4. Nws yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub daug nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm tus pej thuam.

Cov uas tsis yog-kev sib ntaus los tej yam kev mob, ib tug neeg tsav tsheb yog tsom kwm tus struts los ntawm qhib lub daug. Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los tej yam kev mob rau txoj kev ntsuam xyuas yog peb ntaus hom neeg cov khoom. Yuav kom tswj tau lub tshuab nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm cov neeg pluag visibility los yog thaum hmo ntuj muab ib tug binocular hmo ntuj pom kev TVN-2B. Nws muaj xws li ib tug infrared lim, hauv txuj lom thiab optics. Ze lub zeem muag yog hais txog 60 meters, nyob rau lub kaum sab xis yog tsawg tshaj li 30 degrees.

PT-76 Tank: piav qhia ntawm lub cav thiab lub chassis

By thiab loj hwj chim chav tsev nyob rau tus saib xyuas yog ib tug modernized lub cev muaj zog amphibian tank T-34. Kis no kuj borrowed los ntawm cov qauv no. Zoo ceev thiab maneuverability zoo dej muab dej dav hlau. Nrog rau cov ntsiab amphibious tank PT-76 yuav tsis muaj teeb meem los mus kov yeej tej pas dej, overgrown nrog fab.

Nws yog sau tseg uas tsis muaj kev siab khau rau hauv av, guaranteeing ib qho yooj yim tshuab tshuam xav Nraum. Amphibious kev sib ntaus los ua ntau compact thiab yooj yim los tswj, thiab kuj tau txais ib tug hydraulic poob siab absorbers uas INTERACTIONS nrog ib tug neeg Torsion bar ncua kev kawm ntawv. Cov ntshav muab paub cov txheej txheem smoothness thiab muaj zog cruising ceev. Lub floating tank PT-76 C 60 txawm peem rau nrog NBC tiv thaiv system thiab tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws. Technology tau muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub yuam marches ntau txog li 500 kis lus mev.

kev hloov kho

Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm lub tshuab tso ib tug ob peb kho. Cov lawv:

1. Tus qauv nrog 76 hli phom D-56TM nrog ob chamber muzzle nres. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj ib tug kicker, nrog lub xov tooj cua, hmo ntuj pom kev, thermal protivodymovoe ntaus ntawv. Lub qhov siab ntawm lub tsev yog nce los ntawm 13 millimeters. Xyoo kev txhim kho - 1957.
2. Modernized tank PT-76B yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1959. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ib qho kev ntsuas biplanar D-56TS, lub stabilizing ntaus STF-2P, cua installation nrog cov ntxaij lim dej. Nyob rau hauv lub tom qab version yog ntsia giropolukompas.
3. Nyob rau hauv 1967, lub tank yog ntsia nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm kev pauv tus nqi PKT tshuab rab phom, intercom system P-123. Lub tsheb yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv cov txawj ntse Corps thiab cov tubrog nkoj Corps.
4. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub PT-76 tsim armored neeg cab kuj BTR-50 launchers rau missile systems "nkauj hnub nraug hli", lub divisional system rau demining UR-67.

nthuav lus tseeb

Cov thawj loj cov tub rog clash PT-76 coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 69 ntawm lub xyoo nyob rau hauv Nyab Laj teb. Ib pab kaum ob tsav tsheb thiab armored neeg muaj rog tau lub American puag thaum Ben Het ua kom puas lub phom roj teeb. Lub taub hau ntawm PT-76 ntaus ib tug kuv, tab sis cov neeg coob tsis yog tawm ntawm kev txiav txim thiab txuas ntxiv rau hluav taws. Qhov seem tsheb mus rau hauv ib confrontation nrog ib tug platoon ntawm "Patton" thiab ib tug khub ntawm anti-aircraft self-propelled machine. Lub losses raug kev txom nyem ob sab, tab sis tus nres tsis txuas ntxiv tom qab rau hauv lub poob ntawm ob tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ib armored neeg cab kuj.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm lub 65th xyoo, Is Nrias teb nug hais tias tus USSR kev pab kom tau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ib tug ua tau ntxeem tau ntawm Pakistan. amphibians, thawj batch ntawm Is Nrias teb tau txais 65 th lub caij ntuj sov. Tag nrho cov teb chaws muaj ob tug regiments ntawm cov cav tov ib tug tag nrho ntawm txog 90 daim ntawv luam.

Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj xyoo 1965, tus PT-76 pab neeg raws li ib feem ntawm lub Xya tso kom muaj kab muaj kev ntawm lub Indian tshuab ntes Pakistanis rog tau lub zos. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tus yeeb ncuab yog tau yeej tawm, poob ib tug tank nrog nws txhais tes. Thaum lub sij hawm hostilities Is Nrias teb poob txog lub tuam txhab PT-76, ib co kev uas tau yuav los ntawm lub Pakistan Army.

Kev Koom Tes nyob rau hauv lwm yam cov tub rog kev tsis sib haum

Ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws confrontations uas saib xyuas ntawm lub tshuab yog cov nram no armed tsis sib haum:

• Tsov rog ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Pakistan nyob rau hauv 1971. Kaum plaub hnub ntawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawd puas los yog puas 13 PT-76 tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab Pakistanis tau poob tag nrho lawv tej hnyav machinery. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov biggest pab rau lub yeej.
• Ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1967 (Rau hnub) ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws thiab ua Ixayees. Lub Egyptians nyob rau hauv lub arsenal twb soj ntsuam 29 tsheb. Txawm li cas los, lawv tau raug siv rau lwm yam hom phiaj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ob units kev puas tsuaj 7 - ces muab pov tseg. Trophy qauv izrailtsy redesigned thiab ntsia lawv American caj npab.
• Lub Yom Kippur ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv 1973. Nws twb tau mus kawm los ntawm tus PT-76 nyob rau ib feem ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, thiab los ua Ixayees.
• Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tsheb koom nyob rau hauv lub Yugoslav kev tsov kev rog thiab kev mus hais nyob rau hauv Chechnya.

Qhov kawg ntawm

Tam sim no ib lub teeb amphibious tank PT-76 thiab BTR-50 - ib tug kuj zoo kawg thiab ruaj "floats". Nyob rau hauv lub USSR lawv yog npaum li cas tawm ntawm kev pab nyob rau hauv 1967. Cuaj kaum decommissioned machines tau tau chaw nyob rau hauv lub Middle East thiab yog nquag siv. Rau nws lub sij hawm, cov txheej txheem no muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau zoo heev, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov av thiab nyob rau hauv cov dej.

Lub teeb amphibious tso tsheb hlau luam nquag exported rau lub Warsaw Pact lub teb chaws, raws li zoo raws li lub feem ntau pro-Soviet African thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj lub teb chaws. Trophy Iyiv tsheb tau modernized los ntawm Israeli engineers, thiab Tuam Tshoj tso tawm nws tus kheej analog nyob rau hauv lub cim "hom-63".