Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich: saib cov ntawv sau txog thiab creativity

Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich, biography thiab creativity uas yog qhov kev kawm ntawm no los xyuas, nws yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb thiab loj tshaj plaws nyob Lavxias teb sab historians ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog lub npe hu ua ib tug pej xeem lub cev, txawj sau ntawv, publisher, collector ntawm Antiquities thiab txawj sau ntawv. Nws tej hauj lwm pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws keeb kwm science thiab cov kev tshawb fawb vib this xwb yog ib lo lus tshiab nyob rau hauv kev kawm science.

Ib txhia cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej

Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich, ib tug luv luv biography uas yog qhov kev kawm ntawm no tsab xov xwm nyob ib tug ntev thiab ua lub neej (1800-1875). Nws yog tus tub ntawm ib tug serf ntawm Count Saltykov, tab sis tau txais nws txoj kev ywj pheej, kev kawm ntawv thiab nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm-philological kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow University. Ntawm no nws defended nws tus tswv thesis thiab los ua ib tug xib fwb.

Nws qhia Lavxias teb sab thiab keeb kwm ntiaj teb, thiab tsis ntev Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich los ua lub taub hau ntawm lub Department ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, uas twb nrhiav tau los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv charter nyob rau hauv 1835. Txawm li cas los, tom qab ib co sij hawm, nws twb yuam kom khiav tawm hauv lub post. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1844 vim muaj ib tug teeb meem nrog cov trustee ntawm lub tsev. Txij li thaum Pogodin mob siab nws tus kheej heev dua lwm yam rau cov kev tshawb fawb, journalistic thiab pej xeem kev ua ub no. Los ntawm 1820 mus 1850 nws luam tawm phau ntawv Magazine conservative kev taw qhia.

Ua hauj lwm nrog qhov chaw

Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich paub raws li ib tug collector ntawm Lavxias teb sab Antiquities. Nws sau ntawv txheej thaud thiab ntau yam curiosities. Lawv kom huv si piav thiab luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv no hwm, nws ua hauj lwm yog fruitful rau keeb kwm science. Tseeb, cia li nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nws tej nws heyday. Yog li ntawd, cov kev taw qhia mus rau hauv scientific kev qhov chaw yog tsis tshua tseem ceeb heev. Nws sau Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich pib sau ntau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1830. Lawv yog ib cov xov tooj tseem ceeb ntawm ancient artifacts tau pom: icons, dluab, nyiaj muas, autographs ntawm tib neeg nto moo ntawm ancient thaud, xws li los ua ke cov ntaub ntawv uas. Tag nrho cov no tau raug hu ua "Drevlekhranilishche".

hais plaub ntug

Zaj liv xwm them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau lub ancient thiab medieval Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Nws tsom rau cov teeb meem ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv 1825 nws tau sau nws tus tswv thesis "Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Rus '. Lo lus nug no xav nws vim hais tias nws yog muaj nws pom ib tug sib txawv ntawm txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb lub teb chaws thiab Western European lub teb chaws. Piv txwv li, nws txwv lub conquest uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov pawg neeg thaj av lub tiaj txoj hauj lwm Normans nyob rau hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv 1834 Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich defended nws ob dissertation "Nyob rau hauv chronicle ntawm Nestor," uas teev tseg rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm qhov teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog xav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug yog vim li cas rau lub siab ntxiv ntawm Moscow. Thiab tus thawj ntawm historians tsim cov kev tshawb xav ntawm "sib sau ua ke hwj chim" ntawm nws cov rulers.

periodization

Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich tsim nws sib lawv liag daim phiaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Lub starting taw tes rau nws twb hais tias hu Varyags. Txawm li cas los, nws yog stipulated tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub xeev muaj Slavic tau. Qhov no ua ntej lub sij hawm, nws ua tiav lub reign ntawm Yaroslav, lub sij hawm uas hais txog cov lus kawg folding ntawm Lavxias teb sab statehood. Lub ciam teb ntawm lub thib ob theem, nws txhais tau hais tias qhov ntxeem tau ntawm lub Tatars thiab lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub Tartar quab. Cov tom ntej no lub sij hawm, lub Moscow, nws yog hais txog rau lub sij hawm kom txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub reign ntawm Peter I. Thiab thaum kawg, lub neej tshiab nimno era nws Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich hu ua lub sij hawm ntawm lub teb chaws yog leej twg, nrog tshwj xeeb hais txog qhov zoo abolition ntawm serfdom.

Kev sib piv ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab keeb kwm ntiaj teb

Ib tug paub txog tau ua ib tug xov tooj uas interesting lub tswv yim hais txog qhov sib thooj thiab sib txawv hais txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm teb chaws Europe thiab Russia. Raws li nws, lawv yav tas los muaj ntau yam parallels: feudalism thiab cov kev system, nws tom ntej weakening thiab strengthening ntawm lub monarchy. Txawm li cas los, cov kev soj ntsuam cam hais tias txawm lub zoo sib xws, cov dab neeg tsis sib tshuam. Nws thiaj li tuaj rau lub xaus hais tias peb lub teb chaws yog tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev. Qhov no yog tau ua tsaug rau lub fact tias lub xeev tau nrhiav tau los ntawm kev thaj yeeb txoj hauj lwm, tsis conquest. Thiab yog li ntawd lub faj tim teb chaws muaj kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm revolutions, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm no coj qhov chaw nyob rau sab av loj.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov keeb kwm

Tus sau, nyob rau hauv tus, yog nyob ze rau qhov Slavophiles, txij thaum lub caij nyoog kawg no tseem tham txog tus thawj txoj kev ntawm Russia txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tib lub tswv yim tsim nyob rau hauv nws sau Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich. Lub ntsiab keeb kwm ua hauj lwm soj ntsuam - qhov no yog tej zaum qhov "Kev tshawb fawb, cov lus thiab cov lus qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm." Nws txuas tseem ceeb heev rau cov kev qhuab qhia ntawm kev coj tsis ncaj thiab patriotic kev kawm ntawv, raws li pom nyob rau hauv nws protectress thiab keeper ntawm cov kev sib haum xeeb. Nws ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws muaj yog tsis muaj yog vim li cas rau lub revolutionary upheavals txij li thaum lub sij hawm immemorial neeg loyal rau cov autocracy, lub orthodox txoj kev ntseeg thiab haiv neeg hom lus. Yog li, tus paub txog mus kev rau lub hom phiaj ntawm official haiv neeg, uas yog tsim los pab rau ntawm lub sij hawm no.

Hais txog rulers

Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich, yees duab uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub medieval thiab ancient keeb kwm, thiab twb tseem muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ib tug tom qab lub sij hawm. Ntawm kev txaus siab yog cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm nws cov ntau rulers. Yog li ntawd, nws xav tias lub reign ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai ib yam theem nyob rau hauv lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab statehood. Zaj liv xwm heev heev ntawm Peter lub transformation, ntseeg hais tias lawv thaj chaw twg ntau tshaj ua ntej pib ntawm nws reign. Yog li ntawd, muaj tswv yim thiab kev ua si Pogodin nyob ib tug muaj koob qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws historiography.