1941: Tus tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow, tus thawj theem

Tus thawj loj yeej nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cov German invaders nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II yog xav tau tus tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow (1941). Daim ntawv qhia kev txiav txim los German thiab Soviet pab tub rog - cov Volga dej (nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb), ces lub railway kab Rzhev (nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob) thiab qhov chaw nres tsheb "Gorbachev" (nyob rau hauv lub sab qab teb). Kws muaj txuj ci ntawm lub capital, lub Red Army tsoo feem ntau ntawm cov "Center" pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tub rog (1941st xyoo), thiab ces launched ib tug counteroffensive (1942nd xyoo).

Hitler lub hom phiaj

Lub hauv paus ntawm "Barbarossa" hom phiaj yog los muab Moscow thiab lub yeej tiv thaiv nws cov Soviet cov tub rog. Nws lub tswv yim yog yuav coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub lis piam. Yuav kom siv nws, lub German commanders nyob rau hauv Hmoob "lag luam Typhoon" yog tsim, uas pib rau lub Cuaj hlis 30, 1941 tom qab ib tug ntev aviabombordirovok, reconnaissance missions thiab npaj armored, motorized thiab infantry pab tub rog.

Tus nab npawb ntawm sab

Tag nrho cov ntawm cov yeeb ncuab:

• ntau tshaj ib lab cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm;
• txog 1,600 tso tsheb hlau luam;
• txog 14 txhiab ntawm artillery daim thiab mortars;
• 950 tua hluav taws thiab bombordirovschikov.

Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub Red Army:

• 1.2 million cov tub rog liab cov tub rog thiab commanders;
• txog 1,400 tso tsheb hlau luam;
• 9600 tej daim ntawm artillery;
• 700 aircraft.

Nws yog hais txog ib feem peb ntawm cov kev sib ntaus los tej zaum ntawm lub Red Army. Tus thawj npaj rau lub sib ntaus sib tua tau muab tso rau General tsev hauv paus ntawm lub Supreme Commander ntawm lub kawg ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 1941. Cov tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow ntawd kub ntev li ntawm 30 Cuaj hlis mus rau 4 hlis ntuj nqeg, uas yog thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Moscow.

Militias thiab extermination pawg

Lub Xya hli ntuj 1941 xaus lawm tas Muscovites rau lub erection ntawm lub defensive kab nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Borodino. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm pib lub tsim ntawm militia units. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog nees nkaum-tsib kev sib cais, uas muaj tuaj pab dawb ntawm txawv hnub nyoog. Cov units tau heev tsis zoo neeg ua hauj lwm. Nws tuaj tseem ua ntej ntawd rau txhiab tus neeg twb tsis muaj ntau tshaj li peb puas phom.

Vim lub fact tias lub peev twb leaked ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm saboteurs thiab tau recruited feem pua ntawm cov pejxeem, tsim los ntawm cov kev puas tsuaj. Tus yeeb ncuab, uas yog nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev deals kev puas tsuaj, teeb pom kev zoo thaum hmo ntuj xaiv yaam hom phaj rau yeeb ncuab bombordirovschikov thiab exploding mos txwv depots.

offensive

Chiv, lub hom phiaj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab twb siv peb tank pawg (I, II thiab III), phua lub ntsiab tsim ntawm lub Red Army, feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Bryansk thiab Vyazma, coj cov seem Soviet rog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, thiab ces nkag mus rau ntawm sab qab teb mus Moscow.

Rau ib tug tag nrho saib ntawm nrhiav defensive kab thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog lawv pheej rov qab ua reconnaissance sorties nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1941. Lub kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow twb muaj pib muaj kev cuam tshuam tas mus li bombordirovok.

Orlovsko- lag luam Brianskaia

Nyob rau hauv view ntawm ceev ceev nqi, lub Soviet pab tub rog yog tsis zoo neeg ua hauj lwm thiab, Ntxiv, tau teem nws cov strengthening ntawm ib qho chaw tej thaj chaw deb ntawm qhov chaw uas tus yeeb ncuab yuav coj qhov chaw. Yog li, lub German pab tub rog nkag mus hauv Dav dawb hau unscathed. Raws li tom qab kuv rov ib tug ntawm cov German generals, cov tub rog nkag mus hauv lub nroog, nws tseem trams rau lwm txoj kev. Ua lag luam thiab factories tsis muaj lub sij hawm yuav khiav tawm, thiab lawv tej khoom nyob rau hauv lub ntim yog ncaj qha ntawm txoj kev.

Feem ntau ntawm cov defenders poob mus rau hauv lub nplhaib. Meanwhile, Lub kaum hli ntuj 3 th sab ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam ua nws txoj kev mus rau lub zos ntawm Mtsensk. Tab sis ua tsaug rau lub 4 Armored cov kev faib Colonel Katukova kem twb muab tso tawm ntawm kev txiav txim. Sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Mtsensk detained German npaj rau ib tug tag nrho lub lim tiam. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau lub kaum hli ntuj 2nd Bryansk twb npaum li cas los ntawm cov Germans, yog li ntawd General Yeremenko (commander ntawm lub Bryansk Pem hauv ntej) yuav tsum tau thim rov qab. cov kev nws tus kheej twb raug mob thiab evacuated mus Moscow.

Vyazemskij pem hauv ntej

Pem hauv ntej twb tawg los ntawm German pab tub rog pib ib offensive nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Vyazma. Kirov thiab tus Cawm Seej Demensk tau noj rau lub kaum hli ntuj 4, 1941. kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow txhua txhua hnub slabla. Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog ntawm lub zeem cia thiab Western fronts tau surrounded. Raws li ib co kev kwv yees, hais txog 700 Soviet cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm raug coj neeg raug txim.

Lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mozhaysk

Los tuav tus nrog sib ntaus nyob rau hauv Mozhaisk raug xa mus rau Major-General hais tias. Lawv tsim ib tug thiaj li tsim tau ib defensive kab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus cog lus regiments thiab battalions nyob rau hauv nws aim thiab tua nrog txoj kev kawm ntawm Kawm ua tub rog Artillery School.

Dua li no yeeb ncuab twb mus nyob. Tom qab ua kom tus tiv thaiv hais txog kaum hnub, peb pab tub rog raug yuam kom thim rov qab. 13th lub kaum hli ntuj nyob rau hauv lub onslaught ntawm cov yeeb ncuab poob Kaluga rau Lub kaum hli ntuj 12 - Borovsk, nws Mozhaisk tib yam - nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj, 18, 1941. Tus tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow los ua nyob rau ib puas kilometers ntawm lub capital nws tus kheej.

Lub ceeb nyob rau hauv lub nroog

tswb yoj swept cov pej xeem. Tej ceeb thiab loj taw tsis paub nws keeb kwm lub capital ntawm peb motherland - Moscow. 1941, Lub kaum hli ntuj 15 - lub hnub ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub thaum muaj xwm ceev kev khiav tawm. General ua hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li commissariats coj noj coj ua, ua tub rog tsev thiab lwm yam tsev twb pauv mus rau lub nyob ze lub zos (Saratov, Kuibyshev, thiab lwm tus).

Factories thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb xaiv yaam chaw twb mined. 20th lub kaum hli ntuj hauv lub nroog tau tshaj tawm hais tias ib lub xeev ntawm siege.

Parade rau liab Square

Parade rau Kaum ib hlis 7 thaum cov liab Square ntawm lub besieged nroog - nws yog, undoubtedly, ib tug ntawm cov yeeb yuj kev tshwm sim, uas yog tsis nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Kws muaj txuj ci Moscow, li no muab ib tug ua tsis taus pa cua tshiab protectors tau ua zoo siab tshaj.

Ib yam yuav tsis tau hais tias hais txog cov Germans. Huab cua tej yam kev mob kiag li coj qhws down, ua rau cov neeg mus txawv tebchaws mus rau ntau ntev tshaj li yog assumed nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj. Txhua tsav txhua yam, tus kuj Soviet troops surrounded dab. Thiab cov Germans yuav tsum tau ua ib tug ob-lub lim tiam so rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub es rov ntawm nws qhov chaw.

Cov kev hloov mus rau lub offensive

Lossis loj surprise yog tus Germans tau nominated mus tua lub Soviet pab tub rog. Hlis ntuj nqeg 6 1941 tom qab ib tug ob peb cov tub rog liab shelling, ua si nyob rau surprise, pom ib tug zoo nkauj shabby yeeb ncuab los ntawm surprise. Yog li ntawd tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow tsiv mus rau nws ob (disastrous rau lub Germans) theem - lub counter-offensive.

nqi

Puav pheej rau cov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow - ib qho ntawm lub honors rau cov tub rog kev pab cuam thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Nws twb muab rau tag nrho cov neeg, khaws cia tus tiv thaiv ntau thereof lub hlis. Ob leeg tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub rog.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov puav pheej rau kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow tau txais thiab civilians, ib txoj kev los sis lwm pab deter tus yeeb ncuab.