Photosynthesis nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab nws cov nta

cog photosynthesis yog ib tug complex lub cev biochemical txheej txheem uas cov nroj tsuag hloov electromagnetic zog, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci rays rau hauv tshuaj zog siv nyob rau hauv cov organic tebchaw. Lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev no yog ib cov saw redox tshuaj haum, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas electrons yog kis los ntawm cov neeg uas pub cov-txo neeg sawv cev, uas yog hydrogen, thiab dej, mus rau lub acceptor, yog ib tug oxidant. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no carbohydrates thiab O2 yog tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm lub oxidation ntawm cov dej.

Photosynthesis cog muaj ob tug sib law liag cov kauj ruam. Tus thawj theem yog hu ua lub teeb (photochemical). Rau ntawm no theem, cov quantum teeb lub zog yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv tshuaj muaj zog rau kev mus high-zog tebchaw, raws li zoo raws li ib tug universal reductant. Nyob rau hauv lub kauj ruam thib ob, muaj lub npe dark (metabolic) tau los ntawm cov tshuaj zog ntawm ib tug txo neeg sawv cev thiab ib tug universal pass voj kev fixation thiab yuav txo tau cov pa roj carbon dioxide, uas carbohydrates yog tsim. photosynthetic mechanism cais teeb thiab tsaus kauj ruam xwb tsis nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Lub teeb theem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb lub zog hloov dua siab tshiab thylakoid week, thaum lub sij hawm tsaus ntuj nti tshua muab qhov chaw yog nyob rau hauv lub chloroplast stroma, los yog nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm.

Photosynthesis thiab cog kev ua pa yog raws li nyob rau hauv qhov haum ntawm lub teeb quanta, qhov twg lub ntsiab lub luag hauj lwm no yog ua si los ntawm chlorophyll haum spectrum uas muaj xws li qhov pom cheeb tsam, thiab proximal thereto feem infrared thiab ultraviolet cheeb tsam. Lub ntsiab xim rau tag nrho cov nroj tsuag mus nqa tawm photosynthesis yog chlorophyll ib tug. Ntsuab algae, mosses thiab leeg tshav nroj tsuag yog xav paub ntxiv thiab chlorophyll b, uas extends lub spectrum ntawm lub teeb absorbed. Ib txhia hom algae muaj chlorophyll c thiab d. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus chlorophyll, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub teeb haum kuj muab kev koom tes carotenoids thiab phycobilins.

Tom qab haum ntawm lub teeb tshwm sim photochemical kauj ruam nyob rau hauv uas yog muab kev koom tes rau ob hom kev photosystem kuv thiab II (PS1 thiab PS2). Txhua yam ntawm APS muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv chaw, nyob rau them nyiaj sib cais tshwm sim, hluav taws xob thauj saw, qhov twg lub electron oxidation, thiab ib co ntawm cov yam uas ua cov txheej txheem ntawm photooxidation ntawm cov dej thiab cov lwm cov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv chaw ntawm lub teeb quantum zog yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv tshuaj, thiab ces tus electrons txav raws li lub gradient ntawm lub electrochemical tej zaum, constituting lub electron thauj saw ntawm cov photosynthesis.

Photosystem II hom phiaj photooxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov dej, li no txoj kev ua pa thiab protons H +. Parallel photosynthetic electron thauj txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw proton hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm lub chloroplast rau hauv intrathylakoid cheeb tsam. Cov uas ua tshua tsim NADPH thiab ATP, uas yog cov thawj cov khoom ntawm photosynthesis. Tsis tas li ntawd lub photosynthesis ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav muab lub enzymatic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas cov pa roj carbon dioxide uas tau los ntawm cov nqaijrog, carbohydrates thiab nqaijrog. Yog hais tias qhov tsaus ntuj nti uas tsis yog-carbohydrate metabolism muaj directivity, lub tsim amino acids, organic tebchaw thiab proteins.

Metabolic dab rau CO2 fixation hom raug muab faib ua C3, C4 thiab CAM photosynthesis. Yog li carbohydrates, uas yog tsim nyob rau qhov tsaus ntuj nti nyob ntev ntawm photosynthesis nyob rau hauv chloroplasts yuav muab tso nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej tebchaw tawm lub chloroplast tsim tshiab lub hlwb los pab raws li ib qhov chaw ntawm lub zog rau metabolic tshua.

cog photosynthesis siv xwb 1-2 feem pua ntawm cov absorbed lub teeb zog. Cov kev siv cov tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis muaj feem xyuam rau cov spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev siv ntawm lub teeb, kub, dej kev kho mob nroj tsuag thiab pob zeb hauv av khoom noj haus, lub concentration ntawm CO2 thiab O2, raws li zoo li lwm yam ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb.