Tsim, Lus
Ke: piv txwv. Ke nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab
Txhua txhua hnub peb cov confronted nrog ib tug loj ntawm txoj kev artistic qhia, feem ntau siv lawv lub suab hais lus, txawm implying tias. Peb xav hais qhia rau kuv niam hais tias nws twb txhais tes ntawm kub; Peb nco ntsoov khau khiab, thaum lawv tau ntev lawm tawm ntawm kev siv; ntshai mus yuav ib tug npua nyob rau hauv ib tug chob thiab hyperbolizing khoom thiab phenomena. Tag nrho cov no - txoj kev, piv txwv uas yuav pom tsis tau xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv tus hais lus ntawm txhua tus neeg.
Yuav ua li cas yog lub txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia?
Lub sij hawm "txoj kev" yog muab tau los ntawm Greek lo lus tropos, uas txhais tau tias "daim duab ntawm kev hais lus" nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus. Lawv yuav siv los ua paj lug hais lus, nrog rau lawv cov kev pab paj huam thiab prose yog incredibly qhia. Hom Hauj Lwm hauv cov ntawv nyeem, piv txwv uas yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv zoo yam paj huam los yog dab neeg, roos ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib txheej nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Philology. Nyob ntawm seb qhov teeb meem no, siv cov nyiaj yog muab faib ua lexical, syntactic thiab nws cov nuj nqis. Lub ke yog ntau tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub tej uas yus hnov, thiab txawm txhua hnub hais lus.
Lexical txhais tau tias ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus
Txhua txhua hnub, peb siv lo lus hais tias yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev kho nws, ua rau nws paub qhia tej lo. Kaj ke, uas yog suav tsis tau piv txwv nyob rau hauv lub tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, tsis muaj tsis tseem ceeb tshaj lexical txhais tau tias.
- Txhais ntxeev - lus ntawm opposite lub ntsiab lus.
- Txhais - ze tsis pub dhau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lexical units.
- Nruas - resistant ua ke muaj ob los yog ntau tshaj lexical khoom uas yog semantically yuav equate rau ib lo lus.
- Lub suab hais lus - lus, ntau xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam cheeb tsam.
- Archaisms - outdated lus rau khoom los yog phenomena uas niaj hnub counterparts yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub kab lis kev cai thiab lub neej ntawm tib neeg.
- Historicism - ib lub sij hawm denoting tu noob khoom los yog tshwm sim.
Ke nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus (piv txwv)
Tam sim no, txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia rau zaub nyob rau hauv lub zoo classical tej hauj lwm. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog cov kwv huam, ballads, kwv huam, cov dab neeg thiab novels tej zaum. Lawv kho nws thiab muab nws lub imagery.
- Metonymy - hloov ib lo lus nrog lwm contiguity. Piv txwv li: Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tshiab thaum ib tag hmo rau tag nrho cov kev tuaj tawm qhia rau foob pob hluav taws.
- Epithet - lub paj lug txhais, muab cov kev kawm ib tug ntxiv feature. Piv txwv li: Koj Masha twb gorgeous txhob lo lo ntxhuav curls.
- Synecdoche - lub npe ntawm ib sab rau lub tag nrho. Piv txwv li: Thaum lub kws qhia ntawv ntawm thoob ntiaj teb kev sib raug zoo thiab Lavxias teb sab kev tshawb fawb, thiab Finn, thiab cov Englishman, thiab Tatar.
- Impersonation - ntus ntawm animate qualities ntawm ib tug tswg yam khoom los yog phenomenon. Piv txwv li: Cov huab cua twb txhawj xeeb, npau taws, raging, thiab ib tug nas this tom qab pib los nag.
- Piv - qhia, ua rau ib tug sib piv ntawm ob yam khoom. Piv txwv li: koj lub ntsej muag fragrant thiab daj zoo li caij nplooj ntoos hlav paj.
- Ua piv txwv qhia - hloov thaj chaw ntawm ib yam khoom mus rau lwm. Piv txwv li: Peb niam golden ob txhais tes.
Hom Hauj Lwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv (piv txwv)
Sawv cev los ntawm txoj kev artistic qhia tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv tus hais lus ntawm niaj hnub tug txiv neej, tab sis hais tias tsis ploj zuj zus mus lawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov zajlus cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tus poj sau ntawv thiab paj huam. Yog li ntawd, litotes thiab hyperbole feem ntau nrhiav tau siv nyob rau hauv lub satirical dab neeg thiab allegory - nyob rau hauv fables. Paraphrases siv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob muaj repetition nyob rau hauv ib tug artistic ntawv nyeem los yog hais lus.
- Litotes - artistic understatement. Piv txwv li: Peb muaj ib lub Hoobkas ua hauj lwm cov neeg pluag nrog ib tug tes.
- Paraphrase - ib tug ncaj qha kev hloov npe piav txog kev qhia. Piv txwv li: Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnub no, daj tsaus ntuj lub teeb (lub hli).
- Allegory - duab paub daws teeb duab ntawm tus kwv. Piv txwv li: Tib neeg zoo - cunning, cowardice, nyob tsis tus - yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hma liab, luav, Xyooj.
- Hyperbole - txhob txwm exaggeration. Piv txwv li: Kuv tus phooj ywg yog incredibly loj loj pob ntseg, qhov loj ntawm lub taub hau.
daim duab ntawm kev hais lus
Lub tswv yim ntawm txhua txhua txawj sau ntawv - mus intrigue tus nyeem ntawv thiab yuav tsis tau ib lo lus teb rau cov teeb meem nyiag. Ib tug zoo xws li cov nyhuv yog tiav los ntawm kev siv ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab ntawm nws cov lus nug, exclamations, hais ua tsis tau. Tag nrho cov no - txoj ke thiab cov nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus, piv txwv uas tej zaum yuav tsum paub txhua leej txhua tus. Lawv siv nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus nrog kev pom zoo, lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - mus paub qhov teeb meem, thaum nws yog tsim nyog.
Nws cov lus nug no yog muab tso rau hauv lub kawg ntawm cov kab lus thiab tsis yuav tsum tau ib lo lus teb los ntawm tus nyeem ntawv. Nws ua rau peb xav txog ceev teeb meem.
Nws cov exclamation xaus imperative ua ke. Siv cov duab, cov kws ntawv hu rau kev txiav txim. Exclamation yuav tsum tau xa mus rau lub "txoj kev".
Piv txwv ntawm rhetorical hais muaj nyob rau hauv Pushkin ( "To Chaadaev", "Yuav kom lub hiav txwv"), Lermontov ( "Kev tuag ntawm ib tug Poet"), raws li zoo li ntau lwm classics. Nws yog muaj feem xyuam tsis rau ib tug neeg, tab sis rau tag nrho cov tiam los yog era raws li ib tug tag nrho. Siv nws nyob rau hauv ib tug artistic hauj lwm, ib tug txawj sau ntawv yuav liam los yog, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, los pom zoo rau kev nqis tes ua.
Nws cov silence yog nquag siv nyob rau hauv lub lyrical digressions. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis qhia nws xav txog thiab muab sawv mus rau nram qab no xav txog kev teem.
syntactic nuj nqis
Tej kev no tiav los ntawm constructing proposals thiab muaj xws li cov lo lus txiav txim, lub kawm tuab si lug ntawm cov cim tias; lawv pab txhawb kom muaj ib qho intriguing thiab nthuav tsim proposals, yog li txhua txhua txawj sau ntawv sib zog siv tau cov no ua ke. Piv txwv ntawm tshwj xeeb yog noticeable thaum nyeem ntawv cov khoom.
- Polysyndeton - txhob txwm nce nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov tsev koom nyiaj nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim txog.
- Asyndeton - tsis muaj koom haum nyob rau lub enumeration ntawm cov khoom, kev ua, los yog cov txheej xwm.
- Syntactic parallelism - sib piv ntawm ob phenomena los ntawm lawv thaum uas tig mus dluab.
- Ellipsis - txhob txwm omission ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv ib tug kab lus.
- Inversion - ib tug ua txhaum ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho.
- Parcelling - txhob txwm division ntawm cov kab lus.
nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus
Ke nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus, raws li tus yam ntxwv zoo saum toj no, yog kev txom, tab sis tsis nco qab txog tias muaj lwm conditionally faib seem txhais tau tias kev qhia. Artistic nuj nqis ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv thiab hais lus.
- Anaphora - repetition ntawm cov thawj hais lus feem.
- Epiphora - ib tug repetition ntawm zaum kawg hais lus feem.
- Kawm tiav - ib tug gradual thiab pheej ua qaum los ntawm ib yam kev xav mus rau lwm lub.
- Pun - siv nyob rau hauv tib kab lus tib sounding cov lus uas muaj ntau lub ntsiab.
- Antithesis - ib tug ntse zoo ib nrab.
- Oxymoron - combining opposite tiag lo lus.
Rooj ntawm cov piv txwv tropes
High tsev kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov kawm tiav ntawm humanities faculties thiab philologists tseem ceeb kom paub ntau yam ntawm txoj kev artistic qhia, thiab thaum siv nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm classical thiab kawm. Yog hais tias koj xav paub ntau ntxiv, dab tsi yog qhov kev taug, cov lus nrog rau kev piv txwv uas koj hloov dozens ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab tseem ceeb heev cov khoom.
Lexical txhais tau tias thiab piv txwv | |
txhais | Cia peb qaug thiab insulted, tab sis tsim nyog los ntawm ib tug zoo dua lub neej. |
opposites | Kuv lub neej - tsis muaj dab tsi yog dub thiab dawb kab txaij. |
nruas | Ua ntej koj yuav ris ntauv txhav, paub txog lawv zoo, thiab ces koj ntog ib tug npua nyob rau hauv ib tug chob. |
archaisms | Barbers (hairdressers) ua lawv txoj hauj lwm sai sai thiab nraaj. |
historicism | Khau khiab - ib yam dab tsi tseem cia nrog thiab tsim nyog, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua, tam sim no lawv muaj. |
dialecticism | Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no tau nqa tawm Koszul (nab). |
Stylistic txoj kev (Piv txwv) | |
ua piv txwv qhia | Koj twb tau txais qab haus huv ntawm steel, kuv tus phooj ywg. |
impersonation | Ntoo swaying thiab seev cev rau lub yooj yim. |
epithet | Liab hnub teev tom qab lub qab ntug. |
metonymy | Kuv noj peb daim hlau. |
synecdoche | Cov neeg ib txwm xaiv cov khoom zoo. |
periphrasis | Wb mus rau lub zoo mus saib nyob rau tus huab tais ntawm beasts (tus tsov ntxhuav). |
allegory | Koj nyob nraum ib tug tiag tiag lub nroog Yeiuxalees (lub folly). |
hyperbole | Kuv rau peb teev tos koj! |
litotes | Tab sis yog tus txiv neej no? Me txiv neej nrog ib tug claw, thiab tshaj! |
Syntactic qauv (piv txwv) | |
anaphora | Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam ntawm cov neeg uas nrog kuv yuav ua tau tu siab, |
epiphora | Peb yuav mus nyob rau ib pos! |
gradation | Kuv xav txog koj, nco, nco ntsoov, nco tu siab, kuv thov Vajtswv. |
pun | Kuv vim hais tias ntawm koj pib poob dej tuag kev tu siab nyob rau hauv cawu cub. |
Nws cov nuj nqis (kev kho mob, exclamation, lo lus nug, silence) | Thaum koj, cov hluas tiam yuav paub cai? Oh, ua li cas ib hnub twg zoo hnub no! Thiab koj hais tias koj paub zoo kawg nkaus zoo cov khoom? Koj los tsev sai sai - saib f ... |
polysyndeton | Kuv paub zoo kawg nkaus zoo, thiab algebra thiab geometry, thiab physics, thiab Science News for KIDS, thiab geography, thiab biology. |
asyndeton | Cov khw muag Shortbread ncuav qab zib, crumbly, txiv laum huab xeeb, oatmeal, zib ntab, qhob noom xim kasfes, noj cov zaub mov, txiv tsawb. |
ellipsis | Nws muaj nws (yog)! |
inversion | Kuv qhia rau koj, kuv yuav zoo li ib tug zaj dabneeg. |
antithesis | Koj yog kuv txhua yam thiab tsis muaj dab tsi. |
oxymoron | Nyob lub cev tuag. |
Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia
Kev siv cov tropes nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus exalts txhua tus neeg ua nws literate thiab educated. Nrog rau ntau yam ntawm txoj kev artistic qhia yuav muaj nyob rau hauv tej phau ntawv sau ua hauj lwm, paj huam los yog prose. Ke thiab cov nuj nqis, ua piv txwv uas yuav tsum paub thiab siv txhua self-saib tug neeg uas tsis muaj ib tug unambiguous kev faib tawm, vim hais tias los ntawm lub xyoo mus rau xyoo, linguists, zaum tseem yuav tau tshawb cov cheeb tsam no ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Yog hais tias qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, lawv zoo tu qab tso xwb ib tug piv txwv qhia, metonymy thiab synecdoche tam sim no rau hauv daim ntawv muaj ntau zog ntau tshaj tenfold.
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