Arabic cov tsiaj ntawv: nta ntawm lawv cov kev sau ntawv. Lub Arabic tsiaj ntawv

Tsis zoo li ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb hom lus, Arabic ntawv no sau ntawv "tsab ntawv", uas txuas txoj lus mus rau txhua lwm yam. Nws tsis, cov ntawv nyeem sau los ntawm txhais tes los yog luam. Lwm feature uas tsis sai li sai tau siv mus pib kawm Arabic lus - sau cov ntawv nyeem los ntawm txoj cai mus rau sab laug. Cia saib cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab transcription ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub Arabic lus.

General Principles of the Arabic lus

Tsuas yog tus Qur'an, tab sis kuj scientific, cov me nyuam thiab kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv sau nrog niam, nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg mob, cov lus sau tsis vowels. Uas yog vim li cas thaum uas sau ntawv ib tug transcription ntawm cov ntawv nyeem Arabic yog transliterated thiab sau ntawv thiaj li yuav tsum tau hais. Ua ntej koj yuav pib sau ib transcription rau hauv lo lus thiab kab lus no yeej qhia vocalization.

Thaum sau ntawv nrog niam yog feem ntau siv Damm, Fatah thiab kyasra (cim cim), Shaddaa (doubling tus kos npe rau) thiab tanvin (tsis tshua muaj neeg tsawg tsawg thiab ib tug kos npe rau nunation).

Tej zaum koj yuav saib tau nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem sukun (kos npe rau tsis tuaj kawm ntawv cim) thiab Wasley (tsis tuaj kawm ntawv glottal nres kos npe rau) thiab Hamza (cais ob niam los ntawm ib lwm).

nta transcription

Lub xub ntiag ntawm cim suab (pharyngeal leeg tub, nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav), uas yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv feem ntau European lus, zoo heev complicate neeg ua hauj lwm rau ib tug neeg uas yog ua kom txhais tau cov Arabic tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv transcription. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no suab yuav tsuas dhau ib ncig ntawm.

Niaj hnub no, muaj ob hom ntawm transcription. Science - nrog rau feem ntau muaj tseeb hais, thiab cov tswv yim, uas ib co muaj kev cuam tshuam li cas rau hais lub Arabic cov tsiaj ntawv. Neeg txhais lus, los yog es, lub transliteration yog ua li cas nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab cim thiab cov Latin cov tsiaj ntawv. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws transcription, ob leeg cov tswv yim thiab scientific, tau tsim thiab Arabists Krachkovsky Yushmanova.

tsiaj ntawv

Nws tuaj ntawm lub Phoenicians rau cov koom pheej niam ntawv. Nws muaj xws li tsis tau tsuas yog tag nrho lawv tej cim, tab sis kuj graphics txog rau lub suab ntawm cov lus. Cov no yog cov Arabic tsiaj ntawv raws li "sa" (zoo li mos interdental English th), "his" (exhaling suab zoo ib yam li ib tug uas ua rau ib tug aub nrog ua pa), "Zal" (ringing suab uas koj tau txais thaum koj muab tso rau lub ntsis ntawm tus nplaig ntawm cov cov hniav thiab hais tias "sa"), "DAP" (koj tau txais thaum koj hais lub suab "e" thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm coj koj tus nplaig rov qab thiab me ntsis qis puab tsaig) "rau" (emphatic suab zoo li "s", tab sis yog cov lus hais rau thaum retracting tus nplaig thiab yooj yim deletion ntawm lub sab puab tsaig), "Gagné" (zoo li nyob rau hauv suab rau grassiruyuschee Fabkis "r").

Nws yog ib nqi hais tias tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub Arabic tsiaj ntawv yog consonants. Tshwj xeeb superscript los yog subscript-cim yog siv los txhais ntawv niam, uas sawv cev rau lub suab "thiab", "y" thiab "ib tug".

Tab sis yog tias koj mloog tus hais lus ntawm tus neeg uas hais lus Arabic, ces kuv hnov lwm yam ntawv niam. Qhov no yog vim txawv variations ntawm hais tsis pub dhau lub tsiaj ntawv lub suab. Nyob ntawm seb tsiaj ntawv kos npe rau-vocalization yuav sound zoo li "e" (nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob), thiab lub suab, diphthongs thiab consonants nrog khoom gains "o" -shaped suab. Nrog tus kos npe rau "sukun" nws tau hais nrog ib tug muaj zog suab "e".

Sign-vocalization "thiab" yuav hloov mus ua ib tug "s" nrog ib qho nyuaj consonants, tab sis vocalization "y" tsis tshua muaj kev hloov nws lub suab mus rau lwm yam nyob rau hauv classical Arabic, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib co dialects pom cov kev hloov mus rau lub suab ntawm "o".

Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Arabic tsiaj ntawv? Lawv yog cov 28 thiab lawv yog cov tag nrho nyob rau hauv raws li (- "Alif" kev zam yog thawj tsab ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv). Ib tsab ntawv no yog ib txwm piv rau ib tug lub suab. Piv txwv li, tsab ntawv "ba" (tus thib ob nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv) yog cov lus hais raws li ib tug nyuaj suab "b" nyob rau hauv lo lus "yaj", tab sis nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm ib lo lus yeej tsis stunned (nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntoo qhib lus hais raws li "dup", qhov no yuav tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Arabic hom lus).

nta sau ntawv

Arabic cov tsiaj ntawv theej nyuab nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau beginners. Los ntawm txoj kev, "Ligature" yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov koom pheej, tab sis kuj muaj ib co Turkic haiv neeg, raws li tau zoo raws li cov neeg uas hais lus Pashto los yog Urdu. Sau ntawv yog nruj me ntsis txoj cai mus rau sab laug.

Tus heev txheej txheem ntawm kev sau ntawv yog raws li nram no:

1. Thawj sau nyob rau hauv hais tias ib feem ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv tsis tas yuav rhuav tawm thaum uas sau ntawv ib tug cwj mem los ntawm daim ntawv.
2. Tom ntej no, ntxiv rau qhov chaw uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawv, tab sis sau ntawv rau lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis ua hauj lwm. Cov no muaj xws point, ntsug thiab oblique kab.
3. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, npaj cim.

Needless sau ntawv txhua tsab ntawv nyob ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lo lus. Arabic cov tsiaj ntawv feem ntau muaj plaub hom ntsej muag (freestanding, thaum pib los yog thaum xaus ntawm ib lo lus, theem nrab). Qhov kos no tsuas 6 tsiaj ntawv: "Alif", uas yog ib txwm sau nyias, thiab "deb", "Zal", "RA", "Zain" thiab "VAV", uas yog tsis cob cog rua nrog lub nram qab no cim tom qab lawv.

Heev feem ntau, muaj coob tus neeg uas pib kawm Arabic, nyeem cov lo lus nyob rau hauv transliteration. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab yuam kev. Yuav kom raug hais lub Arabic lus yuav tsum pib kawm ntawv cov tsiaj ntawv thiab qhov tseeb hais ntawm txhua tsab ntawv. Tsuas yog zoo los kawm ntawv, koj yuav tsiv mus nyob rau lub hais lus thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov kab lus.