Elastic quab yuam

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, tag nrho cov sib thooj, thiab kev sib txuas lus tsis tu ncua nrog txhua lwm yam. Txhua feem, txhua tivthaiv thiab caij yog lossi raug mus rau ib tug tag nrho ntau yam ntawm cov rog.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov xov tooj ntawm rog nyob rau hauv cov xwm yog txaus loj, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm yuav muab faib ua plaub hom:

1. Qhov xwm ntawm tus gravitational rog.

2. qhov xwm ntawm tus electromagnetic rog.

3. Ntxiv Dag Zog rau cov muaj zog hom.

4. Lub zog ntawm cov uas qaug zog hom.

Gravitational rog yog kom meej meej pom xwb nyob rau hauv lub scale ntawm lub cosmos. electromagnetic xwm rog - cov rog uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sis hais muaj ib tug tej yam hluav taws xob nqi.

Elastic quab yuam - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rog nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Thaum twg lub cev yog raug mus rau lub deformation txheej txheem, lub sab hauv ntawm nws muaj ib lub dag lub zog, uas yog ncaj rau tus quab yuam ntawm deformation, tab sis nrog lub opposite kos npe rau. Lub resilient quab yuam qhia tiv thaiv cov deformation ntawm lub cev. Nws ntau ntau yam yog cov tensile quab yuam, hauv pem teb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev quab yuam.

Nyob rau hauv physics, muaj yog xws li ib tug tshaj plaws li elastic deformation. Elastic deformation - lub deformation yog ib tug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv uas nws disappears tom qab lwm rog tiaj tus mus ua. Tom qab xws li deformation lub cev yuav siv sij hawm nws yeej zoo. Yog li, lub elastic dag zog yuam uas txhais hais tias nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev tom qab lub elastic deformation yog ib tug neeg quab yuam. Tej zaum lub hwj chim, los yog ib tug conservative quab yuam - nws yog ib tug dag zog yuam uas muaj nws cov hauj lwm tsis tau nyob rau nws trajectory, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub pib thiab xaus point ntawm kev quab yuam daim ntawv thov. Ua hauj lwm conservative los yog conservative quab yuam raws ib tug raug kaw txoj kev yog pes tsawg.

Peb yuav hais tias qhov elastic quab yuam ntawm ib tug electromagnetic xwm. Qhov no quab yuam yuav kwv yees li macroscopic manifestation ntawm kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov molecules ntawm lub substance los yog lub cev. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog yog compressive los yog tensile lub cev, nws manifests ib elastic quab yuam. Nws yog qhia tawm tsam cov rog ua deformation nyob rau hauv ib tug coj txawv rau cov xaav ntawm tus hais ntawm lub cev thiab perpendicular mus rau lub cev nto niaj deformation. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no quab yuam vector yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia yam txawv rau deformation ntawm lub cev (xaav ntawm nws molecules).

Lub xam qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov elastic quab yuam generated los ntawm deformation nyob rau hauv lub cev, tshwm sim los ntawm Hooke txoj kev cai. Raws li nws, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav quab yuam yog sib npaug zos rau cov khoom ntawm tus nruj ntawm lub cev mus pauv tau qhov coefficient ntawm deformation ntawm lub cev. Raws li Hooke txoj cai tshwm sim thaum ib tug tej yam deformation ntawm lub cev los yog tshuaj yeeb dej caw elastic quab yuam yog ncaj qha xwm yeem mus rau elongation ntawm lub cev, thiab nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug kev taw qhia opposite cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv uas tus hais yeej txheeb ze rau tus so ntawm lub cev thaum lub sij hawm ntawm particle deformation.

rigidity index tej lub cev los yog proportional coefficient nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv los tsim lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd nruj nyob rau hauv lub geometric proportions thiab zoo ntawm lub cev. Nrog kev hwm rau cov elastic quab yuam muaj xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug cov neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab. Tej kev nyuaj siab yog tus piv ntawm elasticity module hwj chim ib chav tsev cheeb tsam ntawm ib tug muab point seem nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas. Yog hais tias koj nyob qib qub nrog Hooke txoj kev cai no hom ntawm kev nyuaj siab, nws yuav sound txawv me ntsis hais. Voltage txhua yam hom uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev thaum lub sij hawm nws deformation, yog ib txwm proportional rau elongation ntawm lub cev. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias cov nyhuv ntawm Hooke txoj cai yog tsuas txwv los ntawm me me deformations. Muaj txwv mus rau lub hom nyob rau hauv uas raws li txoj cai ua hauj lwm. Yog hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau ua zoo tshaj, cov elastic dag zog yuam yog xam rau txoj qauv, hais txog ntawm Hooke txoj kev cai.