Carnot voj voog - theoretical pab kiag li lawm bases thiab ntawm tag nrho cov sab hauv combustion xyaw

Ntawm tag nrho cyclic thermodynamic kev ntawm kev theoretical thiab ua daim ntawv thov ntawm ib tug Carnot voj voog. nws yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li unbeatable, yawm suab, zoo meej, thiab thiaj li nyob. d. Ib tug ntau nws zoo li yuav ib yam dab tsi mysterious thiab to taub tsis tau. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias nws yog muaj tseeb tso tag nrho cov accents, ces tam sim ntawd qhib tag nrho cov simplicity, kev zoo nkauj thiab ntse heev ntawm no invention, uas twb tshwm sim los ntawm qhov Fabkis tus paub txog thiab engineer Sadi Carnot. Thiab nws yuav paub tseeb hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi extraordinary nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem npaj los ntawm lawv, tab sis tsuas yog muaj tib lub feem ntau siv npaum ntawm tej kev cai lij choj ntawm xwm.

Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi tiag tiag yog ib tug zoo-paub thiab mysterious Carnot voj voog? Nws yuav muab txhais li quasi-zoo li qub txheej txheem raws li cov yuav txo tau ntawm lub thermodynamic system nyob rau hauv thermal kev sib cuag nrog ib tug khub ntawm kom tshuab nrov tuaj tso tsheb hlau luam muaj ib tug tsis tu ncua thiab ruaj khov kub qhov tseem ceeb. Nws yog assumed tias tus thawj kub (cua sov) ntau dua li cov thib ob (tub yees). Carnot voj voog yog ib tug thermodynamic system uas thawj, chiv muaj ib tug tej yam thermal nqi, los mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub rhaub. Ces, los ntawm ib tug infinitely qeeb siab yuav txo tau nyob rau ntawd hu ua quasistatic extension, ua raws li los ntawm txais los ntawm lub rhaub thiab tshav kub tsis kam mus rau sab nraud siab.

Tom qab ntawd, lub system yog cais, uas rov ua rau nws quasistatic los ntawm adiabatic expansion kom txog rau thaum nws kub nce mus txog ib tug tub yees zoo xws li cov tsis. Nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm expansion thermodynamic system kuj ua ib tug tej yam lag luam kuj mus rau sab nraud siab. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, lub system thiab coj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub condenser, nyob rau ntawm tu ncua ua lub siab nws yog compressed mus txog ib tug taw tes, yog li ntawd ces tag nrho cov xa ib tug thib ob tshav kub reservoir, borrowed los ntawm lub rhaub. Carnot voj voog cim nyob rau hauv hais tias nws yog tsis nrog los ntawm tej yam tshav kub tsis tau. Raws, xws li ib tug tswvyim tej zaum yuav hu ua perpetual tsab ntawv tsa suab tshuab. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov thermal efficiency ntawm lub Carnot voj voog, uas yog nyob thiaj tau tuaj nyob rau hauv lub kub tank khub yeej yuav lub siab tshaj plaws tau. Txawm li cas los, kom deb li deb tsis muaj ib tug muaj kev tswj los mus tsim ib lub tshuab, thermal efficiency uas yuav ntau tshaj peb caug feem pua ntawm cov permissible cyclical txheej txheem Sadi Carnot.

Thiab qhov no yog hu ua zoo tagnrho vim hais tias nws yog zoo ntau dua lwm mus muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm converting tshav kub mus rau hauv pab ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, vim teeb meem nyob rau hauv Workers thiab coj isothermal dab, nws cov ntaub ntawv yog tsis tshua muaj yooj yim nyob rau hauv tiag tiag xyaw. Rau siab tshaj plaws thaum tshav kub kub hloov lwm lub tsev efficiency ntawm xws li ib tug tshuab yuav tsum tau kiag li cais los ntawm cov sab nraud ib puag ncig, uas nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua.

Rov qab Carnot mus los yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub tshav kub twj tso kua mis kuj, uas, tsis zoo li lub refrigerating tshuab yuav tsum kub yam khoom zog yuav muab ntau, xws li cov cua sov system. Ib txhia ntawm lub tshav kub yog coj los ntawm cov sab nraud ib puag ncig, muaj ib tug sab kub, lub tshuav feem ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau muaj zog yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab ua hauj lwm, xws li ib tug compressor.