Yuav ua li cas yog hu ua cov teebmeem ntawm lub moj tej tawg? Cov yam ntxwv thiab lawv tej yam rau cov neeg thiab tej khoom siv

Ib tug txiv neej yuav luag txhua kauj ruam tau cuab ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej yam ntuj tso qeeg los yog xwm txheej ceev. Twv seb qhov teeb meem yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua, li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog peb txhua tus yuav paub yuav ua li cas coj nyob rau hauv ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, thiab yog dab tsi muaj mob muaj nkees saib tawm rau. Wb tham txog dab tsi yog rau cov tawg yam, peb xav txog yuav ua li cas coj, yog hais tias xws li ib tug kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib qho kev tawg?

Txhua yam ntawm peb yog dab tsi nws yog. Yog hais tias nws twb tsis tau mus nrog ib tug zoo xws li cov phenomenon nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag, ces tsawg kawg yog peb tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov tsos los yog nyob rau cov xov xwm.

Tawg - ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim nrog poj ceev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm rau lwm lub yog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog thiab lub tsim ntawm compressed gases, uas muaj peev xwm ua pheev rau cov neeg ciav tej yam.

Tsis ua raws li kev ruaj ntseg los yog puas tabkaum hauv tus txheej txheem yuav tshwm sim muaj xwm txheej ceev explosions nyob rau hauv industrial cov chaw, vaj tse, kev sib txuas lus. Feem ntau, nws yog tus tib neeg zoo tshaj yog qhov ua rau ntawm tawg.

Muaj kuj yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov pab pawg neeg ntawm yam tshuaj uas yog heev, thiab lawv muaj peev xwm tawg nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm cov tawg yuav tau hu ua nws cov transience. Tsuas yog ib feem ntawm ib tug thib ob yog txaus, piv txwv li, ib chav tsev tau skyrocketed rau hauv cov huab cua thaum ib tug roj tawg. Thaum lub kub nce mus txog ob peb kaum ntawm txhiab degrees Celsius. Yam rau cov tawg yuav pab kev raug mob loj rau ib tug neeg, lawv yuav tau mus pheev lawv tej yam tsis zoo rau cov neeg nyob rau ib yam nrug.

Tsis yog txhua leej txhua tib PE yog nrog los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, lub txim uas yuav nyob ntawm seb lub hwj chim ntawm lub nplaum tawg ntaus ntawv thiab qhov chaw uas nws tag nrho cov tshwm sim.

txim ntawm cov tawg

Rau cov tawg yam yog:

• Lub dav hlau ntawm gaseous tshuaj.
• High kub.
• Lub teeb emission.
• Ntse thiab nrov suab.
• Shards.
• Airblast.

Tej phenomena tau cai nyob rau hauv lub tawg li ib tug tub rog propellant, thiab domestic roj. Tus thawj yog feem ntau siv rau cov tub rog ua hauj lwm, lawv tsuas heev kawm tshwj xeeb siv. Tab sis muaj tej yam teeb meem nyob qhov twg cov khoom uas yuav tawg, poob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm civilians, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog phem yog hais tias qhov hloov tawm mus rau me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob feem ntau yog xaus nyob rau hauv qee explosions.

Ua noj roj pob tawg lawm nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawd, yog hais tias tsis complied nrog nws cov kev cai ntawm lub lag luam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau qhia cov me nyuam yuav ua li cas nrog cov khoom siv nkev thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj koob txoj hauj lwm los npaj cov kev pab thiab cawm cov kev pab cuam xov tooj.

Cuam tshuam qhov chaw

Yam rau cov tawg yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv rau tus txiv neej ua degrees ntawm kev puas tsuaj hnyav. Kws txawj pom tias ib tug xov tooj ntawm qhov chaw:

1. tsam I.
2. Zone II.
3. Zone III.

Nyob rau hauv thawj ob los ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws: cov charring lub cev nyob rau hauv tus ntawm heev high kub thiab nplaum tawg khoom.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub feem ntawm cov tawg ntawm yam tau cai kov. Tej yam uas cov poob siab yoj tus neeg yog ntaus nqi raws li ib tug muaj zog tshuab, uas muaj peev xwm yuav puas ntsoog thaum:

• hauv nruab nrog cev;
• lub rooj sib hais kabmob (nruas ntsej);
• paj hlwb (mob taub hau);
• pob txha thiab cov nqaij mos (cov pob txha lov, ntau yam kev raug mob).

Nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyuaj teeb meem no yog cov neeg uas tau ntsib cov poob siab yoj thaum sawv sab nraum lub vaj tse. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug teeb meem no feem ntau yog ib tug tuag los yog ib tug neeg tau txais kev mob loj raug mob thiab mob raug mob, kub nyhiab.

Hom ntawm kev raug mob los ntawm explosions

Nyob ntawm seb qhov sib thooj ntawm cov tawg tsom ib tug neeg yuav tau kev txom nyem nrog rau ntau yam degrees ntawm heev:

1. Lub ntsws. Qhov no yuav muaj xws li ib tug me ntsis mob taub hau, ib nrab tsis hnov lus, doog. Pw tsev kho mob tej zaum yuav tsis txawm yuav tsim nyog.
2. Nruab nrab. Qhov no yog lub paj hlwb raug mob nrog rau tsis nco qab, los ntshav los ntawm lub pob ntseg thiab qhov ntswg, pob txha lov thiab dislocations.
3. Loj kev puas tsuaj muaj xws li muaj zog contusion, kev puas tsuaj rau hauv nruab nrog cev, nyuab pob txha lov, tej zaum ua rau tuag.
4. Tsis tshua muaj neeg mob loj heev degree. Yuav luag 100% ntawm lub kawg ntawm tus neeg txoj kev tuag.

Koj muaj peev xwm muab ib qho piv txwv: lub teb puas tsuaj ntawm lub tsev yuav luag tag nrho cov tua, uas yog muaj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, cia li ib tug fluke yuav cawm tau lub neej. Ib tug yuav ua tau, tab sis tau ntau npaum li cas ntawm qhov ntau heev raug mob tua nyob rau ntawm ib nrab kev puas tsuaj.

nuclear tawg

Nws yog ib lub txiaj ntsim ntawm ib nuclear xwb lub lag luam. Qhov no tshwm txheej txheem uas tso tawm ntawm lossis loj nyiaj ntawm hluav taws xob thiab tshav kub. Tag nrho cov no yog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib cov saw tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm fission los yog nuclear fusion nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm.

Lub ntsiab feature ntawm ib tug nuclear tawg yog hais tias nws yeej ib txwm muaj ib qhov chaw - lub point qhov twg nws yog ib tug tawg, thiab cov epicenter - lub projection ntawm no taw tes rau hauv av los yog dej.

Ntau nthuav dav yuav tsum tau tham yam tseem ceeb rau hauv lub tawg thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov pejxeem. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais nws nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab cov laus - nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm.

Nuclear tawg thiab nws rau yam

Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi yog rau yam tseem ceeb ntawm nuclear tawg yuav hu li cas? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nco ntsoov tias nws yog tus lub cev muaj dab thiab phenomena uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawd, thiab txiav txim seb nws lethality. hwj chim ntawm tus tawg tsis tau tsuas yog txiav txim rau qhov xwm thiab raws li ntawm tej yam, tab sis kuj lub duration ntawm lub ua yam. Yog li ntawd, mus rau yav tas muaj xws li:

1. Shockwave.
2. Lub teeb emission.
3. Tej kab mob sib kis.
4. Tob tob tawg.
5. Electromagnetic mem tes.

Cia peb xav txog txhua yam nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

poob siab yoj nta

Nws mas muaj feem xyuam rau qhov zoo tshaj yuav uas ua rau yus puas tsuaj thiab ntau raug mob. Nws tshwm sim vim cov loj siab yoj uas yog generated nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub tawg - nyob rau hauv thawj lub vib nas this tom qab tus nqi yuav ncav cuag billions atmospheres. Cov poob siab yoj kis thiab muaj feem xyuam rau niamntiav nws cov nyhuv rau tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob.

Ntawm cov ntsiab tsis uas txiav txim nws lethality muaj xws li:

• Ntshav siab.
• Ceev.
• Duration.

Lub tug nyhuv ntawm ib tug poob siab yoj nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntau ntawm cov overpressure. Thiab cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev raug mob yuav nyob ntawm seb lub zog ntawm cov tawg thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw uas koj yog los ntawm nws.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb

Tom qab tawg, yog tsim ntawm lub teeb zog txaus uas muaj xws li ultraviolet, pom thiab infrared spectrum. Lub teeb emitting feem ntawm lub munition, uas yog rhuab mus rau high kub. Qhov siab tshaj plaws kub tej zaum yuav ntau tshaj 7 txhiab degrees.

Lub teeb emission yuav muaj cov nram qab no striking nyhuv:

• Burns.
• qhov muag kab mob.
• O ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tej khoom.
• Hluav taws kub.

Lub degree ntawm raug yuav ua tau ntau:

1. Muaj cov chaw nyob rau hauv uas ib tug neeg hluav taws kub tshwm sim.
2. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam mob kev puas tsuaj feem ntau hlawv li 90% ntawm cov vaj tse. Qhov no yog lub feem ntau txaus ntshai cheeb tsam.
3. Tsis tas li ntawd paub qhov txawv cov cheeb tsam ntawm hluav taws kub nyob rau hauv lub rubble, qhov twg muaj tag nrho cov ploj thiab tsaus muag xwb smoldering seem.

tob tob tawg

Thaum tawg tshwm sim, nws yog ib lub flux ntawm neutrons thiab gamma rays - qhov no yog qhov tob tob tawg. Neutrons dhau dawb do los ntawm cov nyob cov ntaub so ntswg thiab txhob cuam tshuam tseem ceeb heev functions ntawm lub hlwb, cov metabolism hauv, muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem nyob rau hauj lwm hauv nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab. Tag nrho cov no xaus nrog tawg kev mob kev nkeeg tsim. Qhov loj tshaj plaws daim ntawv nws leads mus rau kev tuag.

Cov feem ntau txaus ntshai cheeb tsam - ib lub vojvoog ntawm 2-3 kilometers ntawm lub tawg chamber. Dhau li hais tias muaj yog ib tug tsis zoo feem on sia nyob, cov tawg yog tau puas kho qhov muag thiab hluav taws xob.

Yuav kom xyov txo cov tug nyhuv ntawm tob tob tawg, nws yog tsim nyog los siv tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv, uas yuav sib tham txog tom qab.

tej kab mob sib kis

Lub tawg ua ntau yam ntawm cov khoom, thiab tej isotopes. Lawv kuj muaj lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm tej kab mob sib kis. Yog hais tias ib tug tawg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, hais tias nws tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug huab ntau kilometers nrog altitude ntawm tej khoom. Nws yuav poob hais poob mus rau hauv av, raws li ib tug tshwm sim tsim ib tug tej kab mob sib kis tsam.

Nws yog raug rau txhua yam: av, dej thiab huab cua infrastructure. Cov piam sij loj tshaj yog cai thaum lub sij hawm thawj teev tom qab tsi "nag lossis daus". Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, cov kev ua ntawm tag nrho cov neeg hais max.

nuclear moj tej tawg tsam

Yuav kom txiav txim seb qhov xwm ntawm tus tau kev puas tsuaj thiab cov nqi ntawm cawm, nuclear lesion yog muab faib ua ob peb qhov chaw:

1. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm ua kom tiav kev puas tsuaj. Ntawm no koj yuav saib 100% tsis pejxeem, yog hais tias nws twb tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb rau lub tawg tau nws siab tshaj plaws tej yam. Koj yuav saib tau lub luag puas tsuaj tag nrho ntawm cov vaj tse, kev puas tsuaj rau hlauv taws xob, kom puas tsuaj ntawm forests.
2. Qhov thib ob cheeb tsam - qhov chaw uas mob loj heev kev puas tsuaj cai. pejxeem losses mus txog 90%. Feem ntau ntawm cov vaj tse puas, tsim khoom khib nyiab rau hauv av, tab sis tsev thiab fallout Cross tsis tau thaum nws.
3. Zone vs. kev puas tsuaj. pejxeem tsis yog me me, tab sis ib tug ntau ntawm cov raug mob thiab poob plig. Ib tug ib nrab los yog puas tsuaj tag nrho ntawm lub vaj tse generated khib nyiab. Lub chaw yuav zoo tau kev cawm dim.
4. Zone tsis muaj zog kev puas tsuaj. Ntawm no striking tawg yam muaj ib tug tsawg heev. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm me neeg raug yog yuav luag tsis tam sim no ntawm cov neeg.

Yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov teebmeem ntawm tawg

Yuav luag txhua txhua lub zos thiab me settlements yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau ua lub tsev tiv thaiv cov chaw. Lawv muab cov pejxeem nrog cov zaub mov thiab dej, raws li zoo raws li koj tus kheej tiv thaiv cov khoom, uas muaj xws li:

• Cov hnab looj tes.
• Tsom iav qhov muag.
• Qhov ncauj qhov ntswg.
• Respirators.
• Tiv suits.

Kev pab tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ua yam tseem ceeb ntawm nuclear tawg yuav pab kom txo tau cov kev puas tsuaj sib sib zog tsa los ntawm tawg, tawg thiab poob siab yoj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj - mus siv nws nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm. Txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum tau muaj ib lub tswv yim ntawm yuav ua li cas coj nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug teeb meem no, yog dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua raws li me ntsis li sai tau yuav tsum tau raug mus ua yam.

Lub txim ntawm tej tawg yuav hem tsis tsuas yog tib neeg noj qab haus huv, tiam sis kuj lub neej. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum ua txhua yam kom tsis txhob muaj tej lub sijhawm raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis saib xyuas kom ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev ruaj ntseg tuav ntawm heev yam thiab cov khoom.