Nuclear riam phom: ib tug poob siab yoj thiab lwm yam rau

Rau hnub tim, nuclear riam phom yog ib yam ntawm cov feem ntau exciting hom WMD (riam phom uas huab hwm coj puas tsuaj). Nws khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub saw tshua uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nuclear fission tej isotopes los yog fusion teeb tshuaj ntsiab rau hauv hnyav zog.

Tsuas hais lus, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nuclear nqi no tshwm sim yog fission los yog nuclear fusion cov hlwb. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, no muaj xws li xws co yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li uranium thiab plutonium. Lub synthesis yuav siv cov hydrogen isotopes tritium thiab deuterium.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub nuclear riam phom meant tsis tau tsuas yog lub mos txwv, thiab lawv ua ke nrog cov txhais tau tias ntawm kev tswj thiab tus me nyuam ntawm ntxiv mus rau lub scene.

Hom ntawm nuclear riam phom

Mos txwv heev varied rau no hom ntawm riam phom. Lawv yuav tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug missile warheads thiab bombs thiab mines nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov, rau artillery missiles, torpedoes. Muaj peb lub ntsiab pawg uas txais mus faib mos txwv: neutron, thermonuclear thiab nuclear fais fab. Txhua yam nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab nta.

Yog li, neutron hom nqi muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws muaj peev xwm ntawm cov saum toj no. Lawv yog tsim los defeat neeg. Cuaj kaum, txawm cov tawg ntawm lub plhaub rau nws tug quab yuam superior rau tej uas tsis yog-nuclear hom riam phom nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb puas lub sij hawm. Neutron zoo li yog siv nyob rau hauv ob-theem pab kiag li lawm qhov twg lub ib thooj ntawm lub zog yog tso tawm vim synthesis ntawm cov nuclei. Vim li no, lawv raug xa mus rau lub thermonuclear hom.

Action thermonuclear nqi raws li, raws li lub npe implies, nyob rau hauv fusion tshua tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj hais. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv ob-theem daim ntaub ntawv nyob qhov twg ib txhij, tab sis nyob rau hauv sib txawv proportions, mus ob lub cev dab: fission thiab nuclear fusion. Zoo paub tag nrho, lub sij hawm "hydrogen foob pob" - yog ib lub npe rau lub ntau yam ntawm thermonuclear riam phom.

Mos txwv, uas yog lub npe ntawm atomic riam phom uas huab hwm coj puas tsuaj yog siv nyob rau hauv ib-theem kiag li lawm. Lawv siv saw tshua uas ua los ntawm lub fission ntawm hnyav isotopes ntawm plutonium thiab uranium. Qhov no ua ib lub teeb tshuaj ntsiab. Lub ob hom ntawm cov nqi yog hais tias yuav lub feem ntau ntsoog loj heev.

Cov poob siab yoj ntawm ib tug nuclear tawg

Muaj ntau ntau yam tseem ceeb rau lub nuclear riam phom uas huab hwm coj puas tsuaj. Qhov no muaj xws li lub teeb emission (kwv yees li 1000 watts ib square centimeter tiv thaiv 0,14 W tawm txim liab los ntawm lub hnub), uas ua rau ib tug ntse kub sawv thiab thiaj li nws heev heev kub hnyiab (los ntawm me me liab mus rau tag nrho carbonization), qhov muag puas, hluav taws kub chaw . Qhov no yog ua raws li los ntawm ionizing tawg thiab tej kab mob sib kis ntawm cov cheeb tsam surrounding.

Tawg niamntiav indirect epidemiological feem, thiab kuj ua rau lub muaj zog electromagnetic mem tes. Xeem, tab sis yog tsis txaus ntshai rau yam uas muaj sia, lov tag nrho cov kev pab kiag li lawm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam cov. Tab sis rau cov biggest qhia ntawm kev puas tsuaj raws li lub poob siab yoj ntawm ib tug nuclear tawg. Nws yog chiv me me thaj av ntawd, nyob rau raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm expansion ntawm lub ntim ntawm kub roj yog ib tug ntse cua compression.

Xws li ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tshwm sim los ntawm ob yam tseem ceeb: qhov kub ntawm lub lab degrees nyob rau hauv lub tawg thiab tib tsis tshua muaj neeg kub siab. Ntxiv mus, qhov no Nthwv dej no muaj kis sai heev los ntawm cov epicenter nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia, ua rau cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm txhua yam uas yog nyob rau nws txoj kev. Maj mam, li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw, lub poob siab yoj yuav weaker thiab supersonic hloov siab los ntseeg mus rau hauv lub suab.

Raws li ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj

Rau lug weakest txim yuav tau demolished ru tsev, tawg qhov rooj, partitions thiab iav. Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm no yog tej kab nrib pleb tshwm nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa hauv cov tsev nyob rau hauv lub qaum tsev. Tab sis lub ze zog mus rau lub epicenter, ntau dua cov kev siv ntawm cov tsis phem thiab ntshai heev txim: nws yog tag pov tseg tsis tau tsuas yog rau sab qaum qhov chaw ntawm lub vaj tse, tab sis txawm coj tus kheej lug. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws (thiab muaj kev vam meej qhov chaw nyob) yog muab tsuas yog cov hauv qab daus ntawm lub tsev.

Tsis muaj tsawg tug poob siab yoj ntawm ib tug nuclear tawg rau cov neeg. Lub wreckage ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau vaj tse, tawg iav, pob zeb thiab lwm yam ya rau kev kub ceev, cov kev kawm teeb meem yog ib qho indirect qhov chaw ntawm lub cev puas tsuaj rau tag nrho cov nyob quavntsej nyob ze. Yuav kom ncaj ua yam muaj xws li muaj zog cua siab (txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug deb ntawm 10 km ntawm lub tawg ceev nce mus txog 100 km ib teev) thiab lub cheeb tsam excessively siab siab.