Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kawm - lub ntau yam ntawm classifications.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kawm muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm lub koom haum kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov xib fwb thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab ua nyob rau hauv ib tug txog kev txiav txim thiab lub sij hawm.

Advanced pedagogical xyaum tau sau ib tug lossis loj arsenal ntawm lub koom haum cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Attempts mus cais rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev kawm cia kev soj ntsuam rau siab siv ntau tshaj li kaum classifications raws li txawv tsis.

Yog li, txoj kev ntawm kev kawm ntawv yuav ob peb cov ntaub ntawv: full-time, ib feem-lub sij hawm, thaum yav tsaus ntuj, sab nraud.

Qhov tseem kim heev yog cov kev faib tawm, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv kev kawm system. Paub qhov txawv tus kheej thiab collective kev kawm. Ib txhia ntawm lawv twb nrov thaum lub sij hawm, thaum lwm tus neeg tau ua tsoos thiab pom tau hais tias loj.

Cool-ua hauj lwm system, raws grounded Ya.A.Komenskim, zoo paub tias nws thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no thiab yog ib tug thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv rau ob peb centuries. Nws assumes ib qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub tib lub hnub nyoog thiab qib kev kawm, uas yuav kawm tau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv raws li cov faib cov ntaub ntawv thiab qhia qhia cov ntaub ntawv uas rau ib tug neeg kawm. Cov tshooj lus nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv kawm alternated nyob rau hauv raws li lub sij hawm. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv-qhia system yog ib tug ntshiab qauv, kev khwv nyiaj txiag, tau Workers cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv ib qhov pab neeg ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub cev pom tau hais tias me me individualization tsim, kev rho tawm ntawm qhov chaw uas ib lub koom haum.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kawm tas li ua tus kwv uas thwmsim thiab cov kev tshawb fawb cov xib fwb-Reformers uas nrhiav los txhim kho lub efficiency ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv-qhia system.

Hauv plawv ntawm lub system bellankasterskoy (hais) yog lub tswv yim ntawm cov kev sib nrig sib cob qhia cov menyuam kawm ntawv.

Mannheim system prevailing nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv lub 20 xyoo ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, rau ntau yam los ntawm muaj peev xwm me nyuam kawm ntawv (cov chav kawm ntawv raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev kuaj thiab muaj zog, nruab nrab, tsis muaj zog kawm tau ntawv zoo).

Batavia txoj kev npaj - ib tug system ntawm lub koom haum ntawm kev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas ob tug xib hwb ua hauj lwm nrog cov chav kawm ntawv, faib nruab nrab ntawm ib tug pem hauv ntej thiab ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lub chaw tau active ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev kawm. Yog li, lub Dalton Plan (US) yog xa mus rau active self-kev loj hlob ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv ntawv lub tsev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam me nyuam kawm ntawv siv cov chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev cob qhia, lub chaw soj nstuam.

Brigadier-kuaj kev kawm nyob rau hauv domestic pedagogics nyob rau hauv lub 20 xyoo ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua mus txog rau thaum 1932, nws tau los ua ib tug zoo ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm Dalton - txoj kev npaj.

Lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug saj zawg zog qee ntawm cov kev qhia sij hawm thiab cov kev xaiv ntawm tus neeg cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm tso cia nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj dua Trump (lub 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th). Qhov no system muaj xws li ogranizatsii lectures nyob rau hauv loj pawg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm (100 cov neeg, 40% ntawm cov kev qhia sij hawm), ogranizatsii ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej pawg me me (10-15 neeg, 20% ntawm cov sij hawm), ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv (40% ntawm lub sij hawm).

Nyob rau hauv high school, lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab ua hauj lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv tsim   qhuab qhia thiab kawm vaj lug kub kev kawm system.

Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsev kawm ntawv didactics yog muab faib mus rau hauv (ib zaj lus qhia, elective, sib txuas ntxiv kev kawm ntawv), tom qab-tsev kawm ntawv (tsev kawm tus kheej, excursion, nyob deb li kev kawm). Los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm raug rho tawm frontal, pab pawg neeg thiab ib tug neeg nqi kawm ntawv.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia cov niaj hnub hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev cob qhia, tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los. Qhov no deb txoj kev kawm, raws li nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm lub computer telecommunications. Cov kev kawm yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw txiav nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm ib tug pab qhia (mentor xib hwb). Peb txaus siab rau lub cib fim tshiab rau lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm (deb kawm kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg kawm), cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tus neeg tshawb fawb nco ntsoov tau ntawm kev siv daim ntawv no ntawm kev kawm rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nyob deb nroog cov tsev kawm ntawv, rau cov menyuam uas kis nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev paub ntawm ib yam kev kawm. Ze kev kawm txhawb rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev paub thaum lub sij hawm kev mob kev nkeeg los yog tej yam ntuj tso qeeg.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kawm yog lossi tau tsim nyob rau hauv raws li cov advanced qhia tswv yim thiab niaj hnub yuav tsum tau rau tsev qha ntawv.