Zinc thiab zinc hydroxide: zog, kev siv thiab lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas tus zinc thiab zinc hydroxide yog dav siv los ntawm niaj hnub kws tshawb fawb. Ib tug ntau ntawm lawv cov kev siv nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab tshuaj zog.

Interestingly, cov tooj liab-zinc hlau siv los ntawm lub ancient Egyptians, thiab tom qab lub Roman faj tim teb chaws. Tiam sis ntawm no zinc yog tsis yooj yim sua faib ib tug dawb huv daim ntawv rau ntau xyoo. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1746 A. Marggraff ua ntej tau txais no hlau nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua zinc smelting twb nqa tawm nyob rau ib tug muaj scale.

Zinc: tshuaj zog thiab ib nyuag piav qhia

Zinc yog cov hlau ntawm nruab nrab hardness. Nws yog nthuav tias nws yog heev nkig tsis sov. Tab sis, thaum ib tug kub ntawm 100 rau 150 degrees Celsius ua malleable hlau - nws yog manufactured los ntawm daim ntawv los yog ntawv ci nrog ib tug tuab npaum li cas tsawg tshaj li ib millimeter.

Los ntawm cov tshuaj taw tes ntawm view yog ib tug zinc atom nrog ib tug oxidation tooj ntawm +2. Nws yog ib heev active hlau uas koom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li ib tug txo neeg sawv cev. Interestingly, nyob rau hauv huab cua, thaum kub txog li 100 degrees, zinc sai yuav ploj mus, nws saum npoo yog them nrog ib tug nyias zaj duab xis ntawm carbonates. Yog hais tias cov huab cua yog noo thiab muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide, ces hlau yog sai pov tseg.

Zinc xiav nplaim taws kub lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pa thaum lub sij hawm cov cua kub los yog - nyob rau hauv xws li mob, lub combustion txheej txheem yog nrog los ntawm cov tsim ntawm dawb pa luam yeeb (qhov no yog ib tug hlau oxide).

Zinc reacts nrog tej yam yooj yim cov ntsiab thiab tej yam acids thiab bases, txoj kev ntsev, thiab zinc hydroxide, ntsig txog.

Niaj hnub no nws yog lub npe hu hais txog 66 minerals uas muaj zinc - thiab lawv yog ib tug loj qhov twg los kom muaj zus tau tej cov hlau. Raws li ib qho piv txwv calamites, zincite, willemite, Franck lignite thiab smithsonite.

Zinc Gidroskid: lub cev thiab tshuaj zog

Zinc (II) hydroxide kuj zoo kawg thiab tseem ceeb, raws li yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj industries. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, qhov no tshuaj yog me me, tsis muaj kob muaju, uas yog suab insoluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. hydroxide Cov mis yog:

ZN (OH) 2

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias qhov no tshuaj muaj ib tug kuj muaj zog amphoteric zog. Zinc hydroxide reacts nrog acids, nkag mus rau lub neutralization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab li txoj kev ua ib ntsev, thiab dej. Piv txwv li:

ZN (OH) 2 + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 +2 H2O

Txawm li cas los, zinc hydroxide reacts nrog alkalis txoj kev complex ntsev thiab dej. Piv txwv li:

ZN (OH) 2 + 2NaOH = Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias thaum rhuab tshuaj decomposes tsim ib qho oxide thiab dej:

ZN (OH) 2 = ZnO + H2O

Raws li rau lub tshav pob ntawm daim ntawv thov, cov hydroxide yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj kev lag luam rau kev npaj ntau yam sib txuas ntawm zinc, nyob rau hauv particular, ntsev ntawd.

Zinc thiab nws daim ntawv thov

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas zinc yog dav siv raws li xeb inhibitor, uas yog coated hlau thiab hlau. Ntxiv mus, ib tug lossis loj npaum li ntawm rho hlau yog siv rau zus tau tej cov tooj dag thiab bronze.

Interestingly, nyob rau hauv qhuav roj teeb zinc yog siv raws li lub anode, thiab kuj ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib lub taub ntim. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no hlau yog siv thaum lub sij hawm sib cais ntawm noble co (e.g., kub) ntawm cov hlau lead. Tej yam sib txuas ntawm zinc pom tau hais tias ntau semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv.

Zinc nyob rau hauv ib tug nyob kab mob

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate lub luag hauj lwm ntawm zinc nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm tej sia, xws li tib neeg. Dua li ntawm qhov kuj tsis tshua muaj ntau ntau, nws yog ib feem ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb enzymes muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov protein synthesis, cell ua pa, thiab lwm yam Zinc tseem yog lub luag hauj lwm rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub me nyuam hauv plab lub cev pob txha. Nws yog muaj pov thawj hais tias thaum muaj tsis txaus tus nqi ntawm cov mineral yuav raug ncua tiav nkauj tiav nraug thiab cov tsos ntawm dwarfism.