Fundamentals ntawm inorganic Science News for KIDS. oxidation degree

Cov oxidation lub xeev - qhov no conditioned xwb lub caij atom nyob rau hauv lub molecule. Cov tswvyim no yog siv nyob rau hauv inorganic Science News for KIDS, tsis muaj nws to taub nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam txog cov txheej txheem ntawm redox tshua, hom ntawm kev mus nyob rau hauv lub lwg me me, cov tshuaj thiab lub cev thaj chaw ntawm lub ntsiab. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub dab tsi yog qhov degree ntawm oxidation yog thawj tsim nyog los nkag siab txog li cas yuav muab atom nws tus kheej thiab yuav ua li cas nws behaves thaum interacting nrog lawv cov phooj ywg.

Raws li yog lub npe hu, lub atom muaj protons, neutrons thiab electrons. Lub protons thiab electrons, kuj hu ua nucleons, daim ntawv zoo them nucleus tsis zoo electrons tig ib ncig nws. Ib tug zoo nuclear xwb yog balanced zuag qhia tag nrho tsis zoo them nyiaj ntawm cov electrons. Li ntawd, cov nruab nrab atom.

Txhua electron muaj ib tug tej yam muaj zog, uas txiav txim seb tus txav los nyob ze ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob rau cov tub ntxhais: lub ze zog mus rau cov tub ntxhais - lub tsawg zog. Lawv cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Lub electrons ntawm ib tug txheej muaj tshuam lub qub zog mov thiab lub zog theem daim ntawv los yog hluav taws xob txheej. Lub electrons nyob rau hauv tus txheej zog yog tsis dhau xav ua txhua yam rau lub nucleus, ces lawv muaj peev xwm koom tau rau hauv tshuaj tshua. Hais muaj externally los ntawm ib tug mus rau plaub electrons nyob rau hauv tshuaj tshua, feem ntau yog pub electrons, thiab cov uas muaj tsib mus rau xya electrons - noj.

Tseem muaj cov tshuaj ntsiab hu ua inert gases, nyob rau hauv uas lub txheej zog muaj yim electrons - lub siab tshaj plaws tau npaum li cas. Lawv suab tsis nkag mus rau hauv tshuaj tshua. Yog li ntawd, tej atom aims mus rau "ntxiv" lawv txheej electron txheej mus rau yuav tsum tau yim electrons. Qhov twg tau uas ploj lawm? Nyob rau hauv lwm yam atoms. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv caij nrog ntau dua electronegativity "picks" electrons nyob rau hauv lub caij nrog ib tug tsawg dua electronegativity. Electronegativity tshuaj caij nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv valence theem thiab lub dag lub zog ntawm lawv cov attraction rau lub nucleus. Ib lub caij, khaws cov electrons, lub zuag qhia tag nrho tsis zoo xwb yuav ntau dua qhov zoo them nyiaj ntawm cov nucleus, thaum lub sij hawm pub electrons - vice versa. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug compound ntawm leej faj oxide li oxygen muaj ib tug siab electronegativity, cov leej faj yuav siv sij hawm 2 electrons thiab acquires ib tug tsis zoo xwb, thaum cov leej faj tseem tsis ob electrons lijchoj ib tug zoo xwb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm oxidation ntawm cov pa sib npaug zos rau cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm cov leej faj oxidation, noj nrog lub opposite kos npe rau. Cov oxidation lub xeev yog sau nyob rau hauv lub saum toj txoj cai ces kaum ntawm tshuaj caij. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev piv txwv, raws li nram no: S ⁺² O ^-2.

Qhov saum toj no piv txwv yog haum simplistic. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub txheej electrons ntawm ib tug atom yeej tsis kiag li pauv mus rau lwm tus, lawv los ua ib tug "heev", yog li ntawd, cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm oxidation ntawm lub ntsiab yog yeej ib txwm me dua xws nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv.

Tab sis mus piv rau qhov kev nkag siab ntawm cov tshuaj dab qhov tseeb yog tsis saib tsis xyuas.