Ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub adaptation ntawm cov tib neeg thiab cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Physiological adaptation: Piv txwv

Grandiose invention ntawm tib neeg lub siab tsis tu tsis tseg rau surprise, lub tswv yim muaj tsis muaj kev txwv. Tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias rau ntau centuries tau tsim xwm, surpasses muaj tswv yim ntau lub tswv yim thiab lub hom phiaj. Xwm tau tsim ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib lab cov tsiaj ntawm nyob cov tsiaj, txhua tus uas yog ib tug neeg thiab nws nyob rau hauv lawv daim ntawv no, physiology, adaptation mus rau lub neej. Piv txwv ntawm adaptation ntawm cov kab mob no rau lub lossi hloov nyob tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw - cov no yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov kev txawj ntse ntawm tus creator thiab yog ib qhov chaw ntawm cov teeb meem daws ib tug biologist.

Yuav ua li cas yog adaptation?

Adaptation txhais tau tias adaptation los yog habituation. Qhov no txheej txheem ntawm gradual degeneration ntawm cov physiological, morphological los yog puas siab puas ntsws tshuaj zog nyob rau hauv lub hloov ib puag ncig. Undergo cov kev hloov li cais tib neeg los yog tag nrho cov pejxeem.

Ib tug piv txwv ntawm adaptation ntawm ncaj qha thiab indirect - cov ciaj sia taus ntawm muaj thiab fauna nyob rau hauv nce tawg ib ncig ntawm lub Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag cheeb tsam. Tam sim ntawd adaptability peculiar rau cov neeg uas muaj kev tswj los mus ciaj sia, yuav tau siv los thiab pib muab, ib co tsis tau tejyam lub xeem thiab raug tua pov tseg (indirect adaptation).

Txij li thaum lub tej yam kev mob ntawm cov hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog lossi hloov, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov evolution thiab adaptation nyob rau hauv ntiaj teb yeej yog tseem yog ib tug tas mus li txheej txheem.

Ib tug tshiab piv txwv ntawm adaptation - hloov tej vaj tse Mexican colony ntawm ntsuab parrots aratinga. Tsis ntev los no lawv hloov lub npaj tej vaj tse thiab tswm nyob rau hauv lub ua qab yias ntawm lub Masaya roob hluav taws, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas yog lossi soaked nyob rau hauv siab ntau ntawm cov leej faj dioxide. Zaum tau tseem tsis tau muab ib tug kev piav qhia rau qhov no phenomenon.

hom ntawm adaptation

Hloov tag nrho cov ntaub ntawm cov hav zoov ntawm ib tug kab mob yog ib tug ua hauj adaptation. QAUV adaptation thaum hloov tej yam kev mob ua rau kev sib nrig sib adapting kab mob rau txhua tus lwm yam, nruab nrab yog ib tug correlative ntaus ntawv los yog coadaptation.

Tus ntaus ntawv yuav ua tau passive thaum cov nuj nqi los yog cov qauv ntawm cov kev kawm tau qhov chaw tsis tau nws kev koom tes, active los yog thaum nws txhob txwm tshaj tawm hloov lawv cwj pwm tsis zoo kom phim rau ib puag ncig (piv txwv ntawm cov neeg adapting rau lub ntuj puag ncig los rau lub koom txoos). Muaj mob qhov twg raug fits cov ib puag ncig kom haum rau koj xav tau kev pab - nws yog ib lub hom phiaj adaptation.

Biologists faib hom adaptation ntawm peb cov txheej xwm:

• Morphological.
• Physiological.
• Cwj Pwm los sis puas siab puas ntsws.

Piv txwv ntawm adaptation ntawm cov tsiaj los yog nroj tsuag ntshiab tsis tshua muaj, feem ntau ntawm cov habituation mus rau qhov tshiab tej yam kev mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv mixed cov ntaub ntawv.

Morphological adaptation: Piv txwv

Morphological kev hloov - nws tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm lub evolution ntawm lub cev zoo hloov, ib tug neeg cov kabmob los yog tag nrho cov qauv ntawm muaj sia.

Hauv qab no yog cov morphological adaptation, piv txwv ntawm muaj thiab fauna, uas peb suav raws li ib tug teeb meem ntawm cov hoob kawm lub phenomenon:

• Degeneration ntawm nplooj mus rau hauv spines ntawm cacti thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag ntawm arid cheeb tsam.
• Tortoiseshell.
• Faired cov neeg nyob reservoirs lub cev.

Physiological adaptation: Piv txwv

Physiological adaptation - ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tshuaj dab yuav mus nyob rau sab hauv lub cev.

• Thas xim rau cov muaj zog tsis hnov tsw nyiam kab muaj txhawb rau hmoov av.
• State of tshem tawm animation, nyob rau hauv uas yog tau nkag mus rau tej yam yooj yim cov kab mob no, uas lawv kom muaj tseem ceeb heev functions nyob rau hauv ntau xyoo. Lub hiob yog tau rau cov me nyuam tus kab mob muaj ib tug muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 250 xyoo.
• Lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm subcutaneous rog, uas yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv dej, ntxhuav.

Tus cwj pwm coj (psychological) adaptation

Nrog puas siab puas ntsws zoo tshaj muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm tib neeg adaptation. Tus cwj pwm coj yam ntxwv peculiar muaj thiab fauna. Yog li, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov evolution ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv kub ua rau ib txhia tsiaj hloo, noog - ya sab qab teb rov qab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov ntoo - los lawv cov nplooj thiab qeeb zog ntawm kua txiv. Cov kev xav xaiv lub feem ntau haum tus khub rau procreation yog tsav los ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub mating lub caij. Ib txhia sab qaum teb qav thiab cov vaub kib yog kiag li khov nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab thaw, los ciaj nrog qhov pib ntawm tshav kub.

Yam uas ua rau qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev hloov

Tej txheej txheem ntawm adaptation - yog ib lo lus teb rau tej yam uas ua rau ib puag ncig kev hloov. Tej yam zoo raug muab faib ua biotic, abiotic thiab anthropogenic.

Biotic yam - tus uas muaj sia nyob rau txhua lwm yam thaum, rau Piv txwv li, ib hom disappears, uas ua hauj lwm pab khoom noj khoom haus mus rau lwm lub.

Abiotic yam - kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub tswg xwm, raws li cov kev nyab xeeb kev hloov, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av, dej txaus, hnub ci kev ua si mus. Physiological adaptation piv txwv tus ntawm abiotic yam - equatorial ntses uas ua tau pa nyob rau hauv dej thiab nyob rau thaj av no. Lawv zoo yoog mus rau tej yam kev mob, thaum lub qhuav li ntawm cov dej ntws - ib tug heev tshwm sim.

Anthropogenic yam - tej yam uas tib neeg ua si uas alters cov ib puag ncig.

Txhia rau lub cheeb tsam

• Illumination. Nroj tsuag - ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib pab pawg neeg uas txawv kev xav tau rau tshav ntuj. Nyob rau hauv qhib rau tej qhov chaw zoo nyob photophilic heliophyte. Rau hauv sib piv - stsiofity: tsob nroj hav zoov thickets, xav tias zoo nyob rau hauv tsaus chaw. Ntawm cov tsiaj tseem muaj cov neeg uas nws muaj sia adaptation yog tsim los rau ib tug active txoj kev ua neej hmo ntuj los yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv av.
• Kub. Nyob rau nruab nrab, rau tag nrho cov nyob yam, xws li tus txiv neej, tus zoo kub ntau ntawm qhov nruab nrab yog pom tias yuav tsum yog los ntawm 0 ^{mus rau} 50 ° C. Txawm li cas los, lub neej yog suab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov climatic cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Opposing piv txwv adaptation txawv txav kub uas piav hauv qab.

Arctic ntses tsis khov li vim txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov ntshav cim dej ntsuab protein, uas tsis khov cov ntshav.

Qhov yooj yim kab mob nyob rau hauv hydrothermal cua, qhov kub ntawm uas tshaj qhov kub degree.

Tsob nroj hydrophytes, i.e. cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv dej los yog nyob ze tus tuag txawm nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj dej tsis tau. Xerophytes, on qhov tsis tooj, lawv yog nruj heev heev nyob rau hauv qhuav cheeb tsam, thiab tuag nyob rau high school av noo. Cov tsiaj, xwm kuj ua hauj lwm rau adapting rau lub aqueous thiab uas tsis yog-aqueous ib puag ncig.

tib neeg adaptation

Ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm hloov yog tiag tiag daunting. Secrets ntawm tib neeg lub siab yog tsis tau qoos qhia tawm, thiab tsis paub txog lub adaptive peev xwm ntawm cov neeg yuav ntev mysterious npe rau zaum. Cov superiority ntawm Homo sapiens dua lwm nyob beings - muaj peev xwm consciously hloov lawv tus cwj pwm mus raws tus ntawm ib puag ncig los yog, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, lub ntiaj teb no haum koj xav tau kev pab.

Qhov yooj ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm manifests nws tus kheej txhua txhua hnub. Yog hais tias muab ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm: "Muab piv txwv ntawm cov neeg adapting" feem ntau pib kom nco ntsoov lub exceptional tus neeg mob ntawm cov ciaj sia taus nyob rau hauv cov huab tej yam kev mob. Qhov no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, thiab kev sib raug zoo adaptation rau tshiab tshwm sim peculiar rau nws tus kheej tus neeg txhua txhua hnub. Peb sim rau lub tshiab qhov teeb meem thaum lub sij hawm ntawm tus me nyuam yug ntawm lub teeb, nyob rau hauv kindergarten, nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv pab neeg IEP, thaum tsiv mus rau lwm lub teb chaws. Nws yog ib lub xeev ntawm lub me nyuam los tu tshiab ncus no hu ua kev nyuaj siab rau hauv lub cev. Kev nyuaj siab yog ib tug puas siab puas ntsws zoo tshaj, tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv nws cov cawv hloov ntau physiological zog. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum ib tug neeg tau txais ib tug tshiab nruab nrab raws li ib tug zoo rau koj tus kheej, ib tug tshiab lub xeev ua commonplace thiab lwm yam kev nyuaj siab hawv ua phem rau ua protracted thiab ua rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm loj cov kab mob.

Mechanisms ntawm tib neeg adaptation

Muaj peb hom ntawm tib neeg adaptation:

• Physiological. Qhov yooj yim piv txwv - Acclimatization thiab adaptation rau kev hloov lub sij hawm aav los yog txhua txhua hnub lub lag luam. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm evolution tau tsim ntau hom neeg, nyob ntawm seb lub hwv qhov chaw nyob. Arctic, Alpine, continental, suab puam, equatorial hom ho txawv physiological tsis.
• Puas siab puas ntsws adaptation. Nws yog ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau lub sij hawm ntawm kev nkag siab nrog cov neeg ntawm txawv puas siab puas ntsws hom, nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws nrog ib tug txawv theem ntawm mentality. Homo sapiens yuav hloov tau lawv lub stereotypes nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov lus tshiab qhia, tshwj xeeb zaus, kev nyuaj siab.
• Social adaptation. Hom yees, uas yog peculiar rau cov txiv neej.

Tag nrho cov coj hom yog ze ze, yuav ua li cas mus cog, muaj kev hloov ntawm lub niaj zaus ua rau lub hav zoov nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub xav tau kev sib raug zoo thiab puas siab puas ntsws adaptation. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov cawv los rau cov mechanisms ntawm physiological kev hloov, uas yog tseem tom mus rau qhov tshiab tej yam kev mob.

Qhov no mobilization ntawm tag nrho cov lub cev teb yog hu ua adaptation syndrome. Tshiab lub cev tshua tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau ceev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem - lub tswb - yog ib tug kev hloov ntawm muaj sia functions, kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub metabolism thiab tshuab. Tom ntej no, txuas rau tus tiv thaiv zog thiab kabmob (nrog rau lub hlwb), uas yog pib rau teeb nws cov kev tiv thaiv nuj nqi thiab muab zais nta. Qhov thib peb theem ntawm adaptation nyob ntawm tus neeg: tus neeg los yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab lub neej thiab los rau li qub (nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no rov qab tshwm sim), los yog lub cev tsis siv sij hawm lub kev nyuaj siab, thiab cov teebmeem twb noj ib tug tsis zoo pwm.

Cov tshwm sim ntawm cov tib neeg lub cev

Qhov xwm ntawm tus txiv neej pw ib lossis loj ntug, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub tsuas nyob rau hauv ib tug me me npaum li cas. Nws yog manifested nyob rau hauv huab teeb meem, thiab yog dab tsi raws li ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb xam qhovkev rau peb tus kheej. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm adaptation: muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg kom hloov mus rau ib lub neej zoo tom qab qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm ib tug loj ib feem ntawm lub sab hauv nruab nrog cev.

Ntuj innate tiv thaiv thoob plaws lub neej yuav ntxiv dag zog ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam los yog, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, yuav tsis muaj zog ntawm lub tsis ncaj ncees lawm txoj kev ua neej. Tu siab, lub xav xav tau nrog tsis tau phem - nws tseem yog txawv ntawm tus txiv neej thiab lwm yam uas muaj sia nyob.