Academician Glushko Valentin Petrovich - Chief Designer ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij tshuab: biography, tsev neeg, hwm lub cim xeeb

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj thiab nto moo tshaj plaws zus tau tej cov cuaj luaj ntawm lub Soviet Union tuaj mus rau lub neej nrog tus designer, uas nws lub npe sawv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, nrog rau cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub teb chaws. Nws Academician Glushko, uas tsim dozens ntawm cov haib dav hlau xyaw. Valentin Petrovich, txawm hais tias nws muaj ntau yam uas koj nyiam ua, cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nws lub neej sau tseg raws li ib tug me nyuam.

pib

Yug yav tom ntej academician Glushko nyob rau hauv Odessa nyob rau hauv 1908, thiab nyob rau hauv 1924 nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub hauj lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv "Hlau" Trotsky lub npe. Thaum kaum tsib, nws twb yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tibneeg hu tauj coob, uas ntawd kub ntev li yim xyoo, xov xwm nrog Tsiolkovsky nws tus kheej, uas yog xa mus rau tus tub hluas tag nrho nws cov tshiab tej hauj lwm. Qhov no ci ntsa iab tub hluas tseem nyob deb ntawm nws muaj hnub nyoog twb luam tawm cov khoom hais txog qhov chaw tshawb kawm thiab kev enthusiastically sau tau ib phau ntawv hais txog cov teeb meem ntawm exploitation ntawm tus planets. Nyob rau hauv lub twenties ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, thaum aircraft thiab ib feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tsis tau pom! Nyob rau hauv 1925 cov hluas Glushko mus rau Leningrad kawm muaj nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, rau kev txawj ntse nws yog tsim nyog rau lub realization ntawm tag nrho cov kev npau suav.

Complex txoj kev tshawb no ntawm physics thiab lej kws qhia ntawv! Yog thiab lub teb chaws muaj ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm - rov qab txaus ntshai devastation. Tab sis lub neej yav tom ntej academician Glushko tsis yws hlo li hais txog cov tsis muaj nyiaj, nws tsis yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv lub tsheb mos txwv, thiab twb koom nyob rau hauv scientific ua hauj lwm. Tshaib plab, mob khaub thuas, thiab tus so ntawm deprivation tiv thaiv no tom qab uas lub siab tsis kheev nws ib tug me ntsis. Thiab nws yeej them tawm: nyob rau hauv 1933 Glushko Valentin Petrovich los ua lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum, thiab lwm peb xyoos tom qab - cov thawj ntawm cov designer ntawm lub dav hlau xyaw.

Tseg los ntawm prying ob lub qhov muag

Txij li thaum 1933 kua hlau tsim los ntawm ib tug ci ntsa iab designer, loj hlob tus naj npawb ntawm kev kho. Ces kuv tau yug los lub npe nrov OPM-65 engine, uas yog npaj yuav tsum tau ntsia rau aerotorpedy li aircraft riam phom raws li zoo raws li lub chiv keeb ntawm cov niaj hnub cuaj luaj - thiab foob pob ua ntxaij dav hlau. Nyob rau hauv 1938, lub neej yav tom ntej academician Glushko tau kwv yees li ntawm nws yeej muaj tseeb muaj nqis.

Nws muab zais, rau txim "rau kev ua phem," raws li tag nrho cov uas engineers thiab designers ntawm lub teb chaws. Raug txim mus rau yim lub xyoo nyob rau hauv lub camps thiab xa "nyob rau hauv sharashka" uas yog kaw CB rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv. Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv Tushino rau aviation cog № 82, nyob rau Valentin Petrovich tau tsim foob pob ua ntxaij launchers mounted rau dav hlau. Ua tau foob pob ua ntxaij science, nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv no, yog tseem tsis tau pom raws li ib tug pab tau tshaj plaws, tab sis tsis ntev txhua yam hloov lawm.

ua ntej yeej

Glushko Valentin Petrovich twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1944. Nws tam sim ntawd coj txog tus, los yog, zoo dua hais tias - tshwj xeeb tsim chaw khaws nyob rau hauv Kazan, qhov twg tshwj xeeb motors tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv 1946, nws yog cov uas tau kawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, cov German txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub missile cheeb tsam.

Rov qab los ntawm muaj nrog cov tshiab cov tswv yim, Glushko tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub siab los ntseeg OKB-456 nyob rau aircraft Hoobkas nyob rau hauv Khimki, qhov twg nyob rau hauv 1948 muaj ib lub thawj ntawm cov RD-100 cav rau lub foob pob ua ntxaij, thiab ces ntxiv thiab ib tug myriad ntawm lawv rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm ya khoom. Glushko Valentin Petrovich, uas nws biography yog nkaus kab nrog dav hlau xyaw, nws ces ua lub undisputed thawj coj nyob rau hauv lawv cov creation.

Merit

Nyob rau hauv 1974 nws pib ua hauj lwm heev tshiab lub koom haum, taws los ntawm Academician Glushko, - "Energia", uas muaj lub OKB-456 OKB-1. General Designer ntxeev kawg muab rau nws los ntawm lub tuam txhab dramatically. Uas yog vim li cas tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab chaw kev pab cuam, xws li niaj hnub nimno, neeg no yog yuam ua hauj lwm kom yuav luag txhua leej txhua tus. Nws yog nws leej twg tsim lub spacecraft xyaw "East" - los ntawm tus thawj davhlau mus rau hauv qhov chaw ua ntej lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv orbit. Yog tsis muaj nws, peb qhov chaw ua tau yuav tau txawv heev. Tej zaum lawv yuav tsis muaj nyob rau tag nrho.

Nws twb yog li ntawd tsim nyob rau hauv Odessa monument ntawm Valentin Glushko, nyob rau ib tug zoo nkauj avenue, tseem hu ua lub npe ntawm lub "top-secret" txiv neej. Thiab nyob rau Cosmonauts huas kuj muaj ib tug monument nyob rau hauv Moscow. Txawm li cas los, nws pab mus rau lub fatherland tsis tau overemphasized. Valentin Petrovich Glushko - Hero ntawm Socialist Labor (ob zaug), nws muaj tsib lub Orders ntawm Lenin thiab liab Banner of Labor thiab Lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig, ntau medals. Nws yog tus khiav ntawm cov Lenin thiab State Prizes ntawm lub USSR.

Korolev

Ntau OKB-1 nrog ib tug zoo heev designer ua hauj lwm zoo kawg tshwj xeeb, uas nws tau nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm rau lawv tus kheej (xav txog tej yam yuav ua li cas no prized neeg raug txim, uas tso cai rau hais tias). Qhov no legendary neeg: Umansky, Zheltukhin, Sheet, Coil, Strakhovich, Zhiritsky thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1942, qhov kev thov ntawm Chief Designer Glushko twb nyob rau hauv Kazan nws twb pauv mus rau feem ntau legendary neeg, uas tau kov yeej qhov chaw.

Glushko Valentin Petrovich thiab Korolev Sergey Pavlovich ua ke tsim lub feem ntau tub rog cov khoom, uas tau coj yeej lub teb chaws. Foob pob ua ntxaij xyaw tau ntsia rau Pe-2, thiab tam sim ntawd saum toj no cov kev ceev yog 180 km ib teev. Tau xeem tus Yak-3, La-7, Su-7. nqi ntawm kev loj hlob yog impressive - txog li ob puas tus kilometers moos. Yog li, siv ib tug kua dav hlau engine tau hloov heev hmoo missile technology.

Relations nrog tub ceev xwm

Stalin ua ntej ntawm "dim" Glushko thiab muab tshem tawm ib txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv 1944. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tsim lub neej ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tsis tau hloov suab tsis muaj dab tsi. Nws yog ib txwm, tsis hais txog ntawm lub ships, yog ib tug txiv neej ntawm cov txwv kom muab zais thiab muab ntim rau los ntawm tus so ntawm lub loj loj phab ntsa uas muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm uas yuav tsum tau thiab lub teb chaws uas yuav tsum tau rau lub plawv thiab ntsuj plig. Tab sis Glushko zoo siv no Stalinist piav tes piav taw. Nws tso tus thawj coj ib daim ntawv teev peb caug cov neeg uas tau kuj tso thaum ntxov thiab tawm rau kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub KB. Thiab yog li ntawd nws tshwm sim. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tau cam khwb cia lawv ntau nrog lub Glushko mus ib txhis.

Thiab txij li thaum 1945, lub xeem rau txim rau ntau xyoo neeg los ua lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv lub Kazan Aviation lub koom haum, qhov uas nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau xyaw thiab npaj tsim nyog pab rau nws tus kheej thiab nws cov chaw khaws. Ntau zoo li, nag hmo rau txim rau foob pob ua ntxaij kawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees "rau kev ua phem" thiab ib tug ib nrab xyoo (1945-1947 xyoo), ua rau ib tug lag luam mus txawv tebchaws. Trophies - German foob pob ua ntxaij science - lub designer, ntawm chav kawm, impressed. Tab sis kuj hais txog cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub hwj chim thiab muaj tswv yim contingent cov ntaub ntawv no, dhau lawm, kuv hais tias npaum li cas. Nrog Stalin nyob rau Glushko muaj plaub ntev private lub rooj sib tham, uas tau sib tham txog lub domestic foob pob ua ntxaij. Tus thawj coj nug cov lus nug ntse, txawj ntse, uas tsim nyog.

qhov chaw

Nyob rau hauv 1953 Glushko tau raug xaiv los mus rau lub Academy ntawm Sciences, ib tug coj neeg, thiab nyob rau hauv 1957, tsis muaj tiv thaiv ib tug thesis HAC muab nws ib tug doctorate. Nws yog lub sij hawm mus muab lawv cov me nyuam txoj kev npau suav. Valentin Petrovich tsim ib tug uas nws kim heev kev pab cuam ntawm manned orbital noj, txawm daim settlements, nrog nws lub teeb tes nyob reusable spacecraft. Nws tiag ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Venus thiab Mars, npaj flights rau asteroids.

Thiab ntau yam ntawm nws tus npau suav, pronesonnyh los ntawm tag nrho lub neej embodied. Lub community launch ntawm cov thawj satellite rau kab nyob saum ntuj lub ntiaj chaw tau raug thawb lub teb chaws mus rau sai kev loj hlob ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij. Lus rau lub ntiaj teb tau pib los pab txhawb lub orbital chaw nres tsheb "Mir", "salute" los ntawm manned spacecraft "Soyuz" thiab thauj ships "Progress", uas yog raug tsim Valentin Petrovich Glushko. Tab sis muaj ntau yam tsis tau ua tiav raws li kom deb li deb.

hli

Glushko coj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm daim chaw nres tsheb, uas yuav lossi muaj cov neeg. Kev tu siab kev ua hauj lwm "saum toj daim card" yuav tsis pub cov pej xeem los txhawb kom cov tswv yim no, thiab yog li ntawd, thaum tom qab hai launches ntawm lub H-1 daim kev pab cuam kaw, tsis muaj leej twg yuav tu siab heev tab sis chief designer. Thiab txawm tag nrho cov uas zoo uas nws tshwm sim, yuav tsis ntxias nws kom txog thaum kawg. Thiab nws tuaj mus dhau? Tshaj li tsib caug hloov kua xyaw, uas yog tam sim no yog siv rau cov kaum xya qauv ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov tub rog cuaj luaj. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws coj noj coj ua los ntawm xyaw rockets launched automatic chaw nres tsheb Mars, Venus thiab lub hli, lawv kuj ntsia rau qhov manned spacecraft "Soyuz" thiab "East", thiab ntau npaum li cas dag lub hli thiab cov satellites muab tso rau hauv orbit nrog lawv pab!

Ib tug spacecraft "Buran", tsim nyob rau hauv cov coj noj coj Glushko, lub spaceship yooj yim npaum li cas lub aircraft nta qhov tseeb thaum tshav kub kub-shielding cov ntaub ntawv, los ntawm lub computer suav rau hauv lub kaum ntawm txhiab tus drawings, thiab nrog rau cov engine, feem ntau haib niaj hnub no - RD-170, Glushko tus me nyuam, tsis zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas superior mus txawm lub "Shuttle"! Tus ntaus ntawv yog tiag tiag cov neeg ncaj! Tab sis ... tsis loj hlob tuaj Kua ntoo nyob rau hauv Mars, tsis nyob rau lub hli lem peb lem. Tsis txhob tos kom Valentine Petrovich. Nyob rau hauv 1989, nws tuag, thiab nws lub npe International Astronomical Union lub npe ib tug kev ua qab yias ntawm qhov pom sab ntawm lub hli. Tej zaum cia li ib tug thiab vlok thaum hmo ntuj rau nws no kuj zoo kawg thiab nquag dreamer.

cov poj niam

Cov poj niam kuj heev fond ntawm Glushko Valentin Petrovich. Family ces nws yog deb ntawm nyob ib leeg, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub "secrecy", ntev stints nyob rau hauv "sharashkas" tsis yog neeg thiab kev ua hauj lwm. Tus thawj lub sij hawm nws tau sib yuav ntawm kaum cuaj, thaum ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau University of Leningrad. Lub tsheb nws yog tsis mos txwv, tiam sis thaum nws yog tshwj xeeb yog tshaib plab, ib tug me ntsis moonlighting kho ntawm qhov, qhov twg nws nrhiav tau tus qub Odessa ntxhais Susanna Georgievskaya, ib tug yav tom ntej txawj sau ntawv. Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm cov niam txiv, yog vim li cas lawv sib nrauj, tseem ib tug paub tsis meej. Tab sis qhov kev tshwm sim yog amazing. Valentin tau raug mob los ntawm ib rab phom. Hais tias yog vim li cas - careless tuav. Raws li los ntawm ib tug kev sib nrauj.

Muaj yog ib tug tshiab poj niam mus yuav uas nws tau ua tsis - Tamara Sarkisov. Txawm li cas los, tus ntxhais ntawm Eugene muaj sij hawm yuav tsum tau yug los. Ntes Glushko Tamara yog ntshai thiab tau renounced tag nrho cov kev sib raug zoo. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm sawv, Glushko nws tsis rov qab los - yog tsis yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws muaj ib tug xib fwb uas twb hu ua Magda thiab cov me nyuam yug los - Yuri thiab Elena. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau ib yam dab tsi lwm tus, hais txog dab tsi keeb kwm yog ntsiag to. Glushko txiv neej mas tsis tshua muaj nthuav thiab superficially, thiab ntse heev halo saum toj no nws ci zoo nkaus unbearably. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1959, thaum lub designer yog tsib caug-ib nyob rau hauv nws lub neej nyob Lydia Naryshkin, ib tug ntxhais ntawm kaum yim, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws CB "Energomash" nyob rau hauv Khimki, uas nws nyob rau hauv seem uas yog nees nkaum-yim xyoo, coj mus rau ib tug zoo tub.