Quantum kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim - Hauj lwm, nta thiab nthuav tseeb

Quantum physics muaj ib tug kiag li txoj kev tshiab los tiv thaiv ntaub ntawv. Yog vim li cas yog nws yuav tsum tau, tsuas yog tam sim no nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom lawv muaj ib tug ruaj ntseg kev sib txuas lus channel? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, koj ua tau. Tab sis quantum computers tau raug tsim, thiab lub caij thaum lawv ua ubiquitous, niaj hnub encryption algorithms yog puas, raws li cov no haib computers yuav keej lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug split thib ob. Quantum kev sib txuas lus tso cai rau koj los encrypt ntaub ntawv siv photons - yuav tsum muaj hais.

Cov computers, tus txheejtxheem lub quantum channel, ib txoj kev los sis lwm yuav hloov tam sim no lub xeev ntawm cov photon. Thiab cov los kom tau cov ntaub ntawv uas ua nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj. Cov ntaub ntawv hloov lwm lub tsev ceev yog, ntawm chav kawm, yog qis piv nrog rau lwm tam sim no uas twb muaj lawm raws, xws li cov xov tooj kev pab cuam. Tab sis quantum kev sib txuas lus yuav muab ib tug ntau dua theem ntawm kev ruaj ntseg. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug heev loj ntxiv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, qhov twg sib tham isthawmnev hais ua txhaum yog nce hnub los ntawm hnub.

Quantum kev sib txuas lus rau lub "dummies"

Thaum ib tug nquab tau hloov txoj kev cai los ntawm hlua taws xob, nyob rau hauv lem, hloov lub xov tooj cua hlua taws xob. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yog ib hnub no, tsis tau ploj mus nyob qhov twg, tab sis muaj lwm yam niaj hnub technologies. Cia li ib xyoo caum dhau los, lub Internet tsis yog ntau raws li lawv muaj hnub no, thiab nkag tau mus rau nws yuav tau txais nyuaj heev - yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv internet pab pawg, mus yuav kim heev phaib, thiab lwm yam Niaj hnub no, peb tsis nyob ib zaug xwb teev, thiab saib rau pem hauv ntej rau free Internet .. 5 G.

Tab sis thaum lub sib txuas lus tshiab txheem yuav tsis daws tau qhov teeb meem tam sim no txojkev lub koom haum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pauv siv cov Internet, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub satellites ntawm qhov kev koom nyob rau lwm lub planets, thiab thiaj li nyob .. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv. Thiab npaj nws, koj muaj peev xwm siv lub thiaj li hu ua quantum entanglement.

Yuav ua li cas yog quantum kev sib txuas lus? Rau cov "Dummies" piav txog qhov no tshwm sim raws li ib tug kev twb kev txuas ntawm txawv quantum yam ntxwv. Nws tsawv txawm thaum muaj cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm ib tug loj kev ncua deb. Encrypted thiab kis tau siv quantum entanglement tseem ceeb, tsis txhob muab tej nqi lus hackers, uas sim muab kev cuam tshuam nws. Tag nrho lawv tau txais - nws yog ib qhov lwm tus xov tooj raws li lub system xeev rau lwm cov kev pab, nws yuav tsum tau hloov.

Tab sis yuav tsim tau lub ntiaj teb no ua tsis tau tejyam ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob system, raws li tsuas yog ob peb kaum tawm kilometers, lub teeb liab faded. Cov satellite, launched nyob rau hauv 2016, yuav pab kom siv lub tswvyim ntawm quantum tseem ceeb kis tau tus mob deb ntau tshaj 7 txhiab. Km.

Tus thawj kev vam meej npaj siab siv lub tshiab kev twb kev txuas

Tus thawj raws tu qauv ntawm quantum cryptography tau txais nyob rau hauv 1984. Niaj hnub no, qhov no technology twb tau muab siv ntse nyob rau hauv lub ntsuam xyuas nyiaj sector. Zoo-paub tuam txhab uas muag pib muab lawv cov cryptosystem.

Quantum kev sib txuas lus txuas yog nqa rau ib tug standard fiber optic cable. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ua ntej muaj kev ruaj ntseg channel nws twb sandwiched ntawm compartments "Gazpromabanka" nyob rau hauv Tshiab Cheryomushki thiab Nyuj ncej. Tag nrho cov ntev yog 30,6 km, kis tau tus mob uas tsis tshwm sim qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis lawv feem pua yog tsawg heev - tsuas yog 5%.

Tuam Tshoj launched ib tug kev sib txuas lus satellite quantum

Lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj xws satellite twb launched nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Foob pob ua ntxaij Ntev Lub peb hlis ntuj-2D launched rau lub yim hli ntuj 16 2016, nrog rau cov cosmodrome Tszyu-Quan. 600 kg satellite yuav muaj 2 xyoo yoov rau ib lub hnub-synchronous orbit, lub qhov siab ntawm 310 mais (los yog 500 km) nyob rau hauv lub "quantum thwmsim rau ib tug cosmic scale." Kev sij hawm ntawm lub apparatus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog sib npaug zos rau ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab teev.

Satellite quantum kev sib txuas lus hu ua Micius, los yog "Mo-Zi", nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus philosopher, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua AD V thiab, raws li yog feem ntau ntseeg, cov thawj nqa tawm kho qhov muag thwmsim. Zaum no yuav mus kawm rau hauv lub mechanism ntawm quantum entanglement thiab tuav quantum teleportation ntawm ib tug satellite thiab ib tug kuaj nyob rau hauv Tibet.

Cov yav tas hau lub quantum lub xeev ntawm cov particle los ntawm ib tug predetermined deb. Rau realization ntawm tus txheej txheem no xav tau ib tug khub ntawm entangled (nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, txuas) hais tias yog ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txhua lwm yam. Raws li quantum physics, lawv yuav tau mus ntes cov lus qhia txog tus txheej xwm ntawm tus khub, txawm tias koj yog cov nyob deb deb ntawm txhua lwm yam. Nws yog ua tau los txhawb lub particle, uas yog nyob rau hauv sib sib zog nqus qhov chaw, ua hauj lwm rau nws tus khub, uas yog tom ntej no nyob rau hauv cov kev kuaj.

Cov satellite yuav tsim tau ob entangled photons thiab xa lawv mus rau ntiaj teb. Yog hais tias qhov xyaum ua tej yog kev vam meej, nws yuav kos tus cim rau thaum pib ntawm ib tug tshiab era. Dozens ntawm cov satellites yuav tau tsis tsuas muab ubiquitous quantum Internet, tab sis kuj quantum kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv qhov chaw rau yav tom ntej settlements nyob rau hauv Mars thiab nyob rau lub hli.

Vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau xws companions

Tab sis yog vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau ib tug satellite quantum kev sib txuas lus? Yog tus uas twb muaj cov pa satellites yog tsis txaus? Lub fact tias cov satellites yuav tsis hloov niaj hnub ua. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm quantum kev sib txuas lus yog encode thiab tiv thaiv uas twb muaj lawm pa ntaub ntawv raws. Nrog nws cov kev pab, piv txwv li, twb muab kev ruaj ntseg thaum lub sij hawm lub parliamentary kev xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv 2007 nyob rau hauv Switzerland.

Tsis-profit kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum Battelle Memorial lub koom haum, nqa tawm cov kev pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub US (Ohio) thiab nyob rau hauv Ireland (Dublin) siv quantum entanglement. Nws txoj ntsiab cai no raws li tus cwj pwm ntawm photons - yuav tsum muaj hais ntawm lub teeb. Nrog lawv pab, cov ntaub ntawv kho thiab xa mus rau lo lus uas peb. Raws, txawm lub feem ntau muaj tseeb los mus cuam tshuam, tawm hauv ib lub cim. Quantum tseem ceeb kev hloov yuav siv sij hawm nyhuv tam sim ntawd, thiab cov hacker sim kom tau txais ib meaningless cim txheej. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yuav kis tau ntawm kev sib txuas lus raws, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau kev cuam tshuam los yog daim ntawv.

Cov satellite yuav pab zaum mus kuaj tseem ceeb faib nruab nrab ntawm cov av chaw nres tsheb thiab lub satellite nws tus kheej.

Quantum kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yuav tsum muab los siv los ntawm fiber optic cables, ib tug tag nrho ntev ntawm 2 txhiab. Km thiab combining 4 lub zos los ntawm Shanghai rau Beijing. Series photons indefinitely tsis tau kis, thiab tus loj dua cov kev ncua deb ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb, ntau dua qhov lub sij hawm uas cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum puas.

Tom qab mus deb, nws attenuates lub teeb liab, thiab zaum, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj tseeb kis tau tus mob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, xav tau ib tug txoj kev uas yuav co tes rau lub update tom qab txhua txhua 100 km. Nyob rau hauv lub cables yog tiav los ntawm kev siv cov pov thawj lub Cheebtsam, uas analyzes qhov tseem ceeb yog tau theej rau lub tshiab photons thiab mus ntxiv.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv 1984, Jean Brassard ntawm Montreal University thiab Charles Bennett ntawm IBM pom tias photons yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv cryptography rau kev ruaj ntseg yuav tsum muaj channel. Lawv npaj siab ib tug yooj yim lub tswvyim ntawm redistribution ntawm quantum cryptographic tuav, uas yog lub npe tis BB84.

Qhov no tswvyim siv cov quantum channel tshaj cov ntaub ntawv uas yog kis tau ntawm ob cov neeg siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov polarized quantum lub xeev. Hnov lawv hacker yuav tau sim ntsuas lub photons, tab sis nws tsis tau ua nws, raws li tau teev los saum no, yog tsis ua rau lawv distortion. Nyob rau hauv 1989, lub tshawb fawb Center ntawm IBM Brassard thiab Bennett tau tsim lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj ua hauj lwm quantum cryptographic system.

Yuav ua li cas yog nyob rau hauv kho qhov muag quantum cryptographic system (COX)

Basic tehharakteristiki coke (kev ua yuam kev npaum li cas, cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi, thiab lwm yam) yog txhais los ntawm tsis channel txoj kev hais uas tsim ib kis thiab ntsuas quantum lub xeev. Feem ntau Coke muaj tau txais thiab kis qhov chaw uas muaj kev cob cog kis tau tus mob channel.

Qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob raug muab faib ua 3 chav kawm:

• lasers;
• microlasers;
• teeb-emitting diodes.

Rau kho qhov muag teeb liab kis tau tus mob nruab nrab yog siv raws li ib tug fiber optic LEDs, ua ke nyob rau hauv cables ntawm txawv tsim.

Xwm secrecy quantum kev sib txuas lus

Dua ntawm Pib ntsais koj teeb nyob rau hauv uas lub kis cov ntaub ntawv kho pulses nrog phav phav photons mus rau lub teeb nyob rau hauv uas ib tug mem tes, nyob rau nruab nrab, lawv muaj tsawg tshaj li kev sib sau quantum cai ua zoo. Nws yog kev siv ntawm cov kev cai lij choj mus rau lub classical cryptography tso cai rau kom mus txog tus kheej.

Tsis meej hauv paus ntsiab lus Heisenberg siv nyob rau hauv quantum-cryptographic pab kiag li lawm thiab vim hais tias ntawm nws, tej me nyuam no yuav hloov nyob rau hauv lub quantum system ua hloov mus rau nws, thiab tsim los ntawm xws li ib tug kev ntsuas, txais sab yog txiav txim raws li ib tug cuav.

Puas quantum cryptography 100% guarantee tiv thaiv kev nyiag?

Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav nws muab, tab sis kev daws teeb meem yog tsis nkaus txhim khu kev qha. Hackers twb pib siv ib tug laser beam, los ntawm uas lawv dazzle quantum detectors, tom qab uas lawv nres tsis ua teb mus rau lub quantum thaj chaw ntawm photons. Tej zaum siv multi-photon qhov chaw, thiab attackers yuav tau txais ib lub sij hawm kom dhau ib tug ntawm lawv thiab ntsuas zoo tib yam.