Zaub los ntawm cov khoom. Fundamentals ntawm nyob rau hauv MERCHANDISING. Zaub ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub muag khoom cheeb tsam

Heev feem ntau, los ntawm lub khw (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog supermarkets) lub tsev, thiab critically nrug muaj feem luj lub loj volume ntawm kev yuav khoom (txoj cai thiab tsis), koj muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov yog vim li cas hais tias txhawb cov miv sab rau ua xws li lwj liam kev siv nyiaj. Tab sis txhua yam muaj ib tug ncaj zajlus kom piav - muag khoom, nyob rau hauv raws li uas cov zaub ntawm cov khoom ua literate nyob rau hauv lub muag khoom cheeb tsam.

nyob rau hauv MERCHANDISING

Cov zajlus kom tsim nyog tau kev txhim kho thiab kev tsuas xyaus ntawm cov kev ua lag luam yog ua ntau khaus kev sib tw, tsis tsuas yog ntawm manufacturers, tab sis kuj ntawm cov lag luam tawm cov koom haum, uas feem ntau nyob ntau nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm cov efficiency ntawm tag nrho lawm. Hais tias nyob rau hauv MERCHANDISING, t. E. Ib qho kev ntsuas los ua kom kev muag khoom nyob rau hauv lub khw muag khoom ua lag luam thiab cov creation ntawm ib qho chaw conducive rau qhov no, muaj txhawb rau kev vam meej muag khoom los ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv ib tug literal txhais lus los ntawm cov lus Askiv, qhov no lub sij hawm yog hais txog tus txheej txheem ntawm cov lag luam tawm.

Cov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm marketing cov tswv yim yog tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ua tib zoo tsom xam ntawm cov neeg tus cwj pwm qauv. Yog li, cov me nyuam yaus ntawm nyob rau hauv MERCHANDISING - nyob rau hauv lub drafting ntawm ntshiab, psychologically justified ntsuas tsom ntawm kev txhawb yuav khoom. Yog hais tias peb xav txog hais tias nyob rau nruab nrab ntau dua 70% ntawm cov khoom yog muas ntawm impulse, tsis muaj weighted yam ua ntej kev txiav txim siab txog lub tseem ceeb ntawm xws li ib tug purchase, nws yuav ntshiab Tus ua nyob rau hauv MERCHANDISING hauj lwm zoo nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tej yam kev mob.

Yog zaub ntawm cov khoom ua nyob rau hauv trading pem teb - raws li cov thawj kauj ruam, los yog cov qauv rau kev nyob rau hauv MERCHANDISING - yog los xyuas kom meej tshaj plaws nyob rau ntawm cov khoom, raws li zoo raws li lub nrig txog kev pom tej yam ntawm tus neeg, pab nyiam nws cov xim rau cov khoom uas purchase.

marketing zoo

Kom ncaav zaub ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub khw yog tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ib feem ntawm lub lag luam zoo. Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab yam kev mob ntawm merchantability ntawm cov khoom yog nws pom tau qhov sib visibility, attractiveness. Ntsuam xyuas cov sij turnover, marketers tau tuaj mus rau ib tug zoo nkauj zajlus kom xaus: Cov khoom muab tso rau hauv txee, nyob rau ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag theem, muaj lub siab tshaj plaws kev muag khoom cov nuj nqis. Txawm li cas los, muaj ntau ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb uas muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm kev muag khoom tagnrho.

lub hom phiaj qhov chaw

Zaub los ntawm cov khoom siv los ua tau ib tug ntau yam ntawm narrowly teem, feem ntau ncha txhua lwm yam hom phiaj:

1. Qhov nce nyob rau hauv kev muag khoom ntim indicators.
2. Tsim kom muaj cov neeg siv kev cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv cov khoom.
3. Pab los hom rau cov neeg siv thiab tsim los ntawm pheej saj tseem ceeb.
4. Ua lub competitiveness ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov tib lub npe.
5. Yuav khoom ntawm lub Vocabulary nws yuav tsum tau txais nyob rau hauv lub kev vam meej nce qib ntawm cov khoom.

Options rau kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom

Txawv variants ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom vim cov specifics ntawm ib tug neeg trading proposals ntawm tibneeg xav tau dabtsi thiab tastes.

Stylistic los yog hom pab pawg neeg yog ua nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, nyiaj txiag thiab khw muag khoom, qhov no hom ntawm kev pab yog txwm siv rau xa mus rau tag nrho cov pawg ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub khw seem cov txheej txheem nrog txheej khaub ncaws thiab lub caij ntuj sov collections, khau, haberdashery thiab thiaj li nyob.

Lub hauv paus ntawm ideological pawg yog feem ntau tej tswvyim los yog cia li lub koob npe nrov thiab daim duab ntawm lub khw chaw. Piv txwv li, cov khw txiav, paub hais tias rooj tog kuaj rau tag nrho cov qhov muag pom xaav las feem ntau txaus nyiam nrws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob ib ncig sab hauv ua tswv cuab nyob rau hauv raws li lub zam tiam sis, qhov tseem ceeb qhov zoo ntawm cov advertised khoom.

Cov xim tov rau zaub ntawm cov khoom raug ntawm lub khws thiab boutiques uas muaj lag luam margins, xam rau lub wealthiest qeb ntawm tau txais kev pab. Tej contingent attracts lub brightness ntawm daim duab, enabling lawv mus yuav.

Nqe pab pawg neeg tso cai buyers los soj ntsuam thiab xaiv ib tug ntau yam ntawm assortment khoom nyob rau feem ntau tsim nyog tus nqi thiab loj-scale zaub ntawm cov duab buyers ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov uas tsis muaj nqi rau ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm zoo xws li cov khoom.

Nyob rau hauv ib tug frontal sawv cev ntawm ib yam khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug tas nrho buyer qhia tag nrho nws cov nta, feem ntau tseem ceeb lawv tsis txaus siab.

Tso departments thiab khoom pawg

Rationalize qee ntawm tej yam khoom nyob rau hauv lub muag khoom cheeb tsam yog ib lub txim ntawm ib tug tsim nyog kev soj ntsuam ntawm ob peb yam tseem ceeb yam:

1. Tus nqi ntawm kev yuav khoom nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev lub sij hawm tej pab pawg ntawm cov khoom t. E. Tus zaus ntawm lawv tshaaj.
2. Qhov ntev thiab luj ntawm cov khoom muag.
3. Lub xov tooj ntawm txawv kev hloov kho ntawm cov khoom.
4. Lub sij hawm thiab spatial deb yuav tsum tau neeg yuav rau kev soj ntsuam xyuas los yog saib tej zaum yuav, raws li zoo raws li cov kev xaiv ntawm cov feem ntau txaus nyiam tej yam uas yog nyob rau hauv ib lub txee counterparts.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus quantifiable yam, zaub ntawm cov khoom nyob rau qhov zoo thiab kev ntxhib los mos ntawm lub muaj cov khoom, ntim, duab thiab khw layout, lub profitability ntawm tej yam khoom pab pawg.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov neeg tseem ceeb cov khw txiav thiab boutiques xa khoom feem ntau muab lawv stylistic thiab xim kev zoo sib thooj. Cov khw muag khoom noj nrog qhov nruab nrab nqi theem ntawm cov khoom no feem ntau yog grouped raws li loj, thiab nyob rau hauv khw muag khoom outlets nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi lawv muaj peev xwm tsuas muab tso nyob rau hauv lub ntim.

tsheb tseem khiav

Yuav kom ua tau ntau tshaj plaws rationality nyob rau kev siv coj mus muag qhov chaw yuav tsum tau qhia thiab ib theem zuj zus qhov chaw ntawm departments nyob rau hauv lub khw raws li ib tug tag nrho, thiab cov kev xaiv ntawm cov feem ntau tsim chaw rau txhua nqe lus. Thaum pom tias lub tsheb txoj kev tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug loj lub khw, tej marketers muab departments nrog insignificant, lam ua khoom ntawm txoj kev mus rau lub khej nrog lub feem ntau heev kav khw. Yog li ntawd, ib tug neeg uas nrhiav kev yuav tsuas tej yam uas yuav tsum mus los ntawm lwm departments, qhov twg zoo ib lub koom haum zaub ntawm cov khoom cia lures thiab ua ib tug purchase.

Art khoom zaub

Siv txoj kev ntawm cov khoom zaub feeb nyob ntawm seb qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov khoom muag txheeb ze rau homogeneous khoom thiab tshwj xeeb cov khoom.

Thaum cov kab rov tav le caag zoo xws li cov khoom uas muab tso rau evenly tshaj rau tag nrho cov qhov ntev ntawm lub txee. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev coj rau lwm cov ranked los ntawm zuj zus lawm (los yog ua) tus nqi ntawm cov serial ntau lawm, muaj lub feem ntau zuag qhia tag nrho thiab cov uas pheej yig tshaj rau cov sab txee. A khoom tsim rau sai siv, yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws muaj rau tus neeg muas zaub thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam txoj kev uas yuav nyiam xim.

Nrog rau qhov no arrangement, lub kawg tuaj khoom, nyob ze ntawm lub ntau sought-analogues yog nyob rau hauv siab thov, tej txais lawv kev siv nyiaj pab koj tu siab.

Rau ntsug suav txoj kev homogeneous khoom txheej txheem rau lub rhawv ob peb kab: tsawg zuag qhia tag nrho thiab lub teeb - nyob rau sab sauv rhawv thiab lawv loj counterparts - lub sab. Qhov no txoj kev pab txoj kev zoo ntawm nrig txog kev pom kev xaav, thiab heev yooj yim rau cov neeg muas zaub, tsis hais ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog ib tug zaub los ntawm cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv loj coj mus muag halls ntawm nws tus kheej-kev pab cuam khw muag khoom noj.

Cov zaub txoj kev suav ua siv ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev muag khoom, piv txwv li. E. Nyob rau ib daim zaub ruaj los yog sawv tshaaj cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau dej siab lub teeb. Qhov chaw ntawm lub zaub yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev txuas mus rau lub sij chaw ntawm realization ntawm ib tug khoom.

planogram

Kev nthuav qhia los ntawm cov khoom rau lub buyer yuav tsum tsis across tab sis raws li ib tug pre-tsim thiab ua los ntawm txhais tes los sis nyob rau ib lub computer Circuit Court (nqus, nqus los yog duab), uas yog hu ua tus planogram. Nws lays tawm lub assortment daim ntawv teev ntawm txhua txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum tau tuaj raws li meej li sai tau, qhia leej qhov chaw rau txhua tus lag luam khoom. Planogram zaub ntawm cov khoom no yog ua raws li cov xav li cas ntawm buyers thiab lwm tus neeg, raws li zoo raws li lub retailer lub peevxwm. Lub sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv nws duab, raws li ib tug tshwm sim zoo heev thiaj li lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau kev muab cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub trading pem teb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tam sim no tsim ntau software khoom, ho yooj yim thiab accelerating tus txheej txheem xws nthuav dav.

Planogram zaub ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau kev pom zoo los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub khw muag khoom qhov hluav taws xob thiab nws cov tom ntej hloov, dhau lawm, yog yuav muaj kev pom zoo.

General hauv paus ntsiab lus

Nyob ntawm seb cov kev khw thiab muag khoom, tsim planograms ua raws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm txoj haujlwm. Tab sis lub dav dav ntawm xam ntawm cov khoom no:

1. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm clarity - yog pom tau hais nyob rau hauv kev tsim kev tsis txaus thiab cuag rau kev ntsuam xyuas.
2. Tau raws li lub siab tshaj plaws kev ua tau zoo ntawm ib tug tsim nyog tus nqi tsim nyog (rational siv coj mus muag khoom thiab qhov chaw). Rau txhua hom ntawm cov khoom faib thaj tsam li coj mus rau lub ntim ntawm kev muag khoom. Qhov siab tshaj plaws cheeb tsam - los yog mus rau yoo mov mus rau cov advertised cov khoom; lub tom kawg, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub feem ntau pom qhov chaw ntawm ib tug trading nrog. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub kom yooj yim nkag tau mus rau lub tiled khoom.
3. Systematic. Placement thiab zaub ntawm cov khoom ua complex blocks t. E. Lub yam muaj feem xyuam rau txhua lwm yam nyob rau tej hauv paus, grouped nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw. Piv txwv li, tsev neeg cov khoom, thiab nyob ze - txee nrog cov tais diav, thiab lwm yam ...
4. Compatibility nyob ze cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau txhua tus lwm yam, piv txwv li. E. Yuav tsum raug tshem tawm tej yam tsis zoo ntawm khoom muag cov neeg nyob ze. Peb kis tau tus kas fes khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav nyob rau tom ntej mus rau lub txuj lom los yog ntub cov khoom. Qhov no neeg zej zog yog ib tug tsis zoo feem on neeg lub zog ntawm cov khoom muag (lub kas fes nws tus kheej tej zaum yuav tau txawv teb chaws tsw, thiab muaj peev xwm muab nws ib ncig khoom).
5. Impulsively muas khoom yuav tsum nyob ze rau cov khoom ntawm siab thov. Piv txwv li, qhov tseeb ib theem zuj zus ntawm kim thiab pheej yig khoom yuav ua rau kom lub profitability ntawm lub khw, nqus xim rau cov diametrically opposed nyob rau hauv lawv lub zog ob peb tug. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm lub loog thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom yog pw tawm.
6. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los mus saib xyuas lub adequacy suav, t. E. Cov feem ntau tag sawv cev ntawm cov muaj ntau yam, nyob ntawm seb lub khw muag khoom qhov chaw, lub specifics ntawm cov qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov kev thov rau qhov kev thov kom daim ntawv teev cov khoom raws li zoo raws li lub tag nrho complex ntawm marketing txoj cai.
7. Yuav kom tsim tau ib lub enticing duab ntawm lub khw heev feem ntau (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws yog qhib) resorted mus rau ib tug txo kev lag luam margins, promotions thiab nyiaj cheb. Qhov no li mus kom ze yog muab rau cov tsim ntawm ruaj sympathies ntawm buyers rau lub khw chaw.

Tseem suav foodstuffs

Zaub zaub mov cov khoom no yog npaj los xyuas kom meej tsis tau tsuas yog siv, tab sis kuj siab tshaj plaws kev ruaj ntseg. Nyob ntawm seb cia tej yam kev mob, ntim siv thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb, lawv siv ntau txoj kev ntawm kev muag khoom. Kua khoom nyob rau hauv hwj yooj yim los npaj ob peb kab ntawm txee, tej zaum ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub thawv. Nqaij, ntses, thiab Delicatessen - nyob rau hauv Tub yees zaub mob, raug lead lom rau buyer los saib xyuas cov kev txiav khoom nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau txaus nyiam txoj kev. Ntim khoom (los yog tej pob khoom) raug nteg ntxiab nyob rau hauv kab los yog stacked nyob rau hauv rhawv, grouped los ntawm hom ntawm chav tsev.

Rau bakery khoom lub phab ntsa thiab kob menyuam coaster, raws li zoo raws li tshwj xeeb cov khoom, kom ntseeg tau raws li cov kev muaj kab mob cov qauv ntawm cia. Xws li ib tug zaub ntawm cov khoom (yees duab qhia saum toj no) yog lub feem ntau muaj kuab rau nws cov preservation.

Nta ntawm cov lus teb uas muaj cov khoom

Kom muaj cov khoom yog yus muaj los ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm lawv mus rau hauv pab pawg raws li lub hom, thiab cov khoom los. Khaub ncaws, piv txwv li, yuav muab faib rau ib tug trading nrog, nyob ntawm seb cov style, lub caij, lub hnub nyoog thiab pw ua ke thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Headgear muab tso rau hauv tshwj xeeb consoles thiab lug ntawm txawv configurations uas tso cai rau feem ntau ib qho kev zoo los qhia ib tug yam khoom. Zaub ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub khw tso cai rau koj los mus npaj ib tug zoo kev taw qhia ntawm cov neeg siv tsev, nrog rau cov profitability ntawm trading ua lag ua luam.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thaum npaj suav muab hais tias cov khoom tsis kaw queue, limiting nws visibility thiab cuag. Yog li nws pem hauv ntej sab yuav tsum zoo sawv cev ob lub qhov muag ntawm tus neeg. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub feem ntau dej siab qhov chaw khib - nyob rau sab laug sab ntawm lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov lus tsa suab neeg txaus. Thaum niaj hnub loading ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub rhawv uas yog ib feem uas lub siab tshaj plaws ua kom pom tseeb li siv zog yuav tsum tau kwv yees li ntawm qib qhov muag, thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ze ntawm lub nyiaj ntsuab register cheeb tsam. Nce raug neeg los yuav ua tau tiav siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm advertising xov xwm. Qhov nce nyob rau hauv turnover yog muaj tshwm sim rau seeb tib yam khoom nyob rau hauv ob peb lub chaw uas coj mus muag qhov chaw.

Khoom qhov chaw kawm ntawv xaiv

Xav li cas xwb ntawm cov khoom qhov kev tso kawm nyob rau hauv khw muag khoom noj ho tsub kom cov muag khoom. Rau feem ntau spectacular attraction ntawm cov xim ntawm buyers siv heev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom zaub nrog rau cov kev pab tshwj xeeb cov khoom:

1. Rhawv thiab racks.
2. Txee thiab tshwj xeeb miv.
3. Hlau baskets thiab pem teb lauj kaub.
4. Muaj cais sawv.
5. Tsis Siv Neeg dispensers.
6. Advertised pob, zoo nkauj thawv, thiab hais txog. D.

Heev impressive saib ntawm lub exhibition catalog rau promotional tej pob khoom. High-zoo thiab kim printing, competently muab los ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam cov qhua mus rau lub khw, attracting xim nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw rau nws tus kheej.

Nta ntawm nyob rau hauv MERCHANDISING nyob rau hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj

Kev siv cov competent li zoo nyob rau hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj network muaj ib co nta nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lwm cov coj mus muag tej chaw. Kev Lag Kev Luam nyob rau hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj - ib tug complex kev ua si mus nce muag khoom los ntawm promotional kev ua ub no aimed ntawm attracting cov xim ntawm cov neeg mus rau lub OTC. Ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb nta ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj khw muag khoom qhov hluav taws xob yog cov tseem ntawm tus neeg psychology, qhia feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib tug es paub txaj muag coj tus cwj pwm: Tus neeg yog ua kom tau ntau npaum li cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv cov zaub, ua ntej cov lus nug, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fungal los yog kev sib deev kis kab mob, raws li tau zoo raws li lwm yam, haum intimate tshuaj . Khw tsim ib tug tej yam system ntawm kev faib lo lus uas ua rau nws yooj yim mus nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, searching rau ib tug kho, lub peev xwm buyer mus ntsib cov trading pem teb thiab mej yuav xav nyob rau hauv lwm yam tshuaj uas yav tas los (tab sis nws twb tsis tau mus yuav lawv) nws yuav tsum tau los yog cov neeg uas yuav nws hnub no los yog nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Zoning lub tsev muag tshuaj suav

Feeb ntau, zaub los ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj ua noj mus rau hauv tus account lub zoning, lub siab tshaj plaws pab txhawb cov kev tshawb fawb rau cov tshuaj. Yuav luag txhua txhua lub chaw muag tshuaj pom cov nram qab no:

- Khoom muag tsis muaj ib tug tshuaj. Qhov no yog ib tug ncaj voluminous suav, nyob rau hauv uas cov tshuaj yog muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov daim ntawv thov.

- Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw yog tseg rau tshuaj ntsuab thiab kev pab noj haus, ntau yam homeopathic tshuaj.

- Muaj ntau vitamin complexes, cov khoom rau diabetics thiab cov neeg nrhiav kom poob ceeb thawj, muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib cheeb tsam. Ntawm no koj yuav tau nrhiav tau ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm cov tshuaj rau cov neeg ua ib txoj kev ua neej.

- Txawv variations ntawm tej yam ntuj tso thiab hniav tshuaj pleev ib ce (los ntawm tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab cream rau ointments thiab gaskets).

- Kev cuab yeej siv thiab txoj kev kho mob, orthopedic khoom thiab compression tsho.

- cov khoom rau cov me nyuam mos, cov me nyuam mos, lawv cov niam thiab cov poj niam xeeb tub. Nyob rau rhawv lined nrog tshwj xeeb tshuaj pleev ib ce, tus me nyuam cov zaub mov thiab ntau yam accessories rau cov me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob.

- Nyob rau hauv ib co chaw muaj feem ntau cov tshuaj uas txhim kho operability thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lub qhov rais tshaaj anti-tsab ntawv tsa suab mob kev nkeeg tshuaj, ntxiv zog rau nws puas pom kev thiab tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov teeb meem los ntawm kev cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm.

- Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov nyiaj ntsuab yog tshwj xeeb, advertised khoom thiab raws caij nyoog khoom, raws li zoo raws li cov ntawv luam ntaub ntawv, rau siab ua lub teeb meem ntawm preservation thiab restoration txog kev kho mob.

Zoo Tsim Nyog imaging xa tshuaj muab lawv qhov chaw nyob yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 0.8 m los ntawm hauv pem teb, tiam sis tsis ntau tshaj li 1.6-1.7 m, m. E. Tsis ntau dua tshaj qhov nruab nrab tib neeg lub taub hau.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws hais txog ntawm cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm li txoj cai, noj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom zaub, yog txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev muag khoom tagnrho, raws li zoo raws li txo lub sij hawm siv searching rau buyers yuav tsum tau cov khoom. Peev xwm ua li cas rau lub tswv yim tsis tau tsuas yog simplifies kev yuav txheej txheem, txo lub sij hawm mus nrhiav txoj cai khoom, tab sis kuj yuav nyiam undue xim tsis tus tshaj plaws tsim nyog yam.