Yuav ua li cas yog luminol? Yuav ua li cas ua luminol nyob rau hauv tsev

Ib txhia tshuaj, noj ib feem nyob rau hauv tshuaj tshua, muaj lub peev xwm mus emit teeb. Txhua amateur chemist ib zaug manufactured lub glowing kua. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav tsum tau tham hais tias yog luminol, yuav ua li cas ua noj nyob rau hauv tsev.

Yuav ua li cas yog chemiluminescence?

Muaj ntau tshua nyob hauv Science News for KIDS tshwm sim nrog rau kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau thwmsim, lub zog yog tso tawm raws li thaum tshav kub kub. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm alkali thiab acid dlaws tau rhuab. Muaj mob qhov twg lub zog yuav manifest nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no (thwmsim nrog electrochemical hlwb). Nyob rau hauv lub combustion zog ntawm cov reactants yog hloov dua siab tshiab los ua cua sov thiab lub teeb.

Tab sis muaj tshua nyob rau hauv uas lub teeb emission tshwm sim, tab sis yog tsis muaj kev nce rau hauv kub. Qhov no tshwm sim yog hu ua chemiluminescence. Qhov tseem glaring piv txwv - txias phosphorus ci ntsa iab. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov tshuaj tshua tso "khaub thuas teeb" oxidized organic tebchaw. Oxidants feem ntau ua pa los yog hydrogen peroxide.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj ntau ntau yam tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm emit teeb. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov glow tau yog heev tsis muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm yuav ntes tau nkaus xwb nrog tshwj xeeb khoom.

Yuav kom kaj thiab zoo nkauj chemiluminescence muaj peev xwm ntawm ib tug kuj me me pab pawg neeg ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic tebchaw. Nyob rau hauv lub Piv txwv li nram qab no ntaub ntawv: luminol, siloxy, lofin, thiab lyutsegenin difeniloksalat.

Yuav ua li cas yog luminol?

Luminol twb tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv 1902, tab sis nws lub npe tiag tiag yog tom qab ntawd. Nws yog ib tug dawb siv lead ua los yog lub teeb daj nyob rau hauv cov xim, nkag soluble nyob rau hauv ncov qaumteb qabteb organic solvents. Nyob rau hauv cov dej, luminol yog kiag li insoluble.

Qhov no organic teeb meem yog muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm tso lub teeb thaum ua ke nrog hydrogen peroxide los yog lwm yam oxidants. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab me ntsis acidic kua, nyob rau hauv UV teeb, nws fluoresces teeb-xiav lub teeb. Nyob rau hauv alkaline daws teeb meem (hydrogen peroxide), qhov chaw uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nyaij nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm catalysts - ib tug phosphorus compound, hlau salts ntawm hemin thiab hemoglobin - luminescence tau ntau noo thiab kaj.

Cov txheej txheem muaj ob theem. Acid yog rhuab nrog hydrazine nyob rau hauv ib tug organic kuab nrog lub siab kub point (3-ethylene glycol). Lub hws ntawm lub heterocyclic system yog tau 5-nitroftalilgidrazida. Qhov no compound yog txo siv ammonium sulphide, whereby lub tsim thiab luminol. Lub ob txhais tes nws yuav npaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev kuaj synthesis ntawm 3-nitro-phthalic acid.

Qhov twg siv ntawm luminol

Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw nyob rau hauv lo lus nug yog kawg li reacts nrog cov hlau, uas yog ib feem ntawm hemoglobin. Yog li ntawd, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv forensic kws txawj nyob rau hauv cov cim ntawm cov ntshav ib co kua nplaum thiab cov yiv tes laug ntawm lub scene. Luminol yog siv zaum thaum lub sij hawm ntau lom kev tshawb fawb rau cov nrhiav kom tau ntawm hlau, tooj liab thiab cyanide.

Qhov twg yuav luminol tshuaj

luminol nqi yog heev siab heev. Nws yog ua tau mus saib nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj forums, tshwj xeeb bases los yog nyob rau hauv pharmacies. Yog hais tias koj tsis paub tias qhov twg mus tau lub luminol, koj muaj peev xwm yuav nyob rau hauv lub "Galavit" chaw muag tshuaj, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj, tsiav tshuaj thiab suppositories. Ib tug ntsiav tshuaj muaj 25 mg ntawm lub sodium ntsev ntawm luminol. 50 ml ntawm ib tug 1% tshuaj yuav tsum yog 20 ntsiav tshuaj (cov). Cov ntsiav tshuaj av mus rau hauv cov hmoov thiab ces dej yog ntxiv rau nws.

Lub luminous kua hydrogen peroxide

Muaj zaub mov txawv rau glowing kua improvised. Tab sis rau cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws siv luminol, vim hais tias nws muab ib tug swm thiab mos xiavlus teeb. Ua ntej koj yuav pib, yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov raug qhov chaw ntawm tuab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, thiab nyob rau hauv ob txhais tes, looj hnab looj tes.

Npaj luminol nyob rau hauv tsev nyob rau hauv classical (thawj) daim ntawv qhia:

• Luminol - 2-3 grams.
• Dej - 0.1 liters.
• Ib tug tov ntawm hydrogen peroxide (3%) - 0.08 liters.
• Caustic dej qab zib - 0.01 liters.
• Bluestone - 3 grams.
• Dyes (rubles, ci ntsa iab ntsuab los yog lwm yam).
• Khob iav (flasks los yog rhawv zeb).

Kev npaj:

• Ncuav mus rau hauv ib khob ntim thiab ntxiv cov dej luminol. Kom meej meej sib tov lub muaju nyob rau hauv dej, yog li ntawd lawv loj kawg nkaus nws yaj.
• Rau cov uas ua cov tshuaj ntawd ntxiv hydrogen peroxide.
• Cov uas ua muaj pes tsawg leeg ntxiv tooj liab sulphate. Sulfate yuav hloov nrog ferric chloride los yog ntsev ntshav.
• Qhov tseem tsis ntev los no muaj pes tsawg leeg rau muab caustic dej qab zib.
• Nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev tua lub teeb. Cov uas ua muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum emit ib tug kaj xiav lub teeb. Yog hais tias ib tug txawv xim, ces ntxiv rau cov tshuaj rau qhov tsim nyog fluorescent cov xim.

Ob txhais kev xaiv:

• luminol tshuaj (3%) - 5 ml.
• Gidroperit (3%) - 10 ml.
• Khaub Ncaws xab npum nrog dej - 20 ml.
• poov tshuaj permanganate.
• Tej lub hwj iav los yog lub lauj kaub.

Cov qib kev ua hauj lwm:

• Lub thawv ncuav luminol kev daws teeb meem, xab npum hmoov thiab hydrogen peroxide.
• Maj mam plhws los ob peb muaju ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate thiab ntxiv rau tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
• Yuav kom pom zoo li cas lub luminol thiab yuav ua li cas nws yuav qhia nws cov khoom, tig tua lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev. Cov kua yuav emit ib tug zoo nkauj ci ntsa iab. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj yog tsis tseg do, sparkling ua npuas ncauj zoo nkaus li rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawd.

Kev npaj ntawm cov tshuaj nrog dimethyl sulfoxide

Ntau nthuav embodiment yuav luminol oxidation los ntawm atmospheric oxygen nyob rau hauv Dimexidum nruab nrab. Luminescence tshwm sim nyob rau lub interface ntawm huab cua thiab dej muaj kuab paug seem.

peb yuav tsum tau los npaj muaj pes tsawg leeg:

• Luminol - 0.15 grams.
• Dimexidum (DMSO) - 30 ml.
• Qhuav lye - 35 grams.
• Tej fluorescent cov xim.
• High glassware.

theem:

• Kom meej meej tov nyob rau hauv ib tug hwj dimexide, luminol thiab alkali.
• Lub nkoj qab thus raug muab zwm nruj nreem nrog ib tug hau.
• Nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev tua lub teeb.
• Lub hwj yog maj mam shaken kom tau ib tug xiavlus ci ntsa iab. Yuav kom hloov cov xim ntxiv ib fluorescent cov xim.
• Yog hais tias lub glow tau poob nws cov brightness, nws tseem tau mus qhib lub thawv. Nyob rau kev txais neeg kawm ntawm huab cua mus rau hauv lub hwj cov tshuaj dua yuav kaj thiab nyeem.

Ua noj ua haus Lub tswv yim

Muaj ntau alkali nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yog tsis pom zoo mus ntxiv, vim hais tias nws yog heev yooj yim mus yaj thiab puv lub kua rau hauv ib tug tuab porridge. Lub ncua kev kawm ntawv ntawm luminol Dimexidum thiab alkali yuav khaws cia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Thaum muab ib tug oxidant glow yuav niaj hnub zoo li. Nws ntev nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj thiab gidroperita luminol thiab yuav ncav cuag 40 feeb. Tab sis los ntawm ib tug overabundance ntawm luminol glow yog ua weaker.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias luminescence brightness thiab ntev yuav kuj yog nyob ntawm seb concentration ntawm luminol. Heev diluted daws teeb meem muab ib tug tsis muaj zog tab sis ntev glow. Ib tug loj concentration ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas ntaub ntawv ib tug muaj zog brightness ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj. Lub teeb xim yuav yog los ntawm cov kob xiav rau ntsuab. Nyob rau hauv richer formulations uas muaj ib tug ntau dua concentration ntawm cov ntshav ntsev tau ntsuab ci ntsa iab.

Yog nws tau los hloov luminol?

Muaj tej yam teeb meem thaum nws yog tsim nyog los npaj lub luminous kua tsis luminol. Ua li no, coj cov boric acid thiab ib tug ob peb tee ntawm fluorescein. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau ntse thiab sov lub hlau phaj. Kua yuav ci nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti mus txog ib pliag.

Yuav kom to taub li cas yog luminol, zoo dua sim tau nws tus kheej. Raws li cov lus hais tias mus, zoo dua yuav pom ib zaug dua li hnov ib puas lub sij hawm. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias txhua yam thwmsim koom nrog sis raug zoo nrog corrosive thiab teeb meem tshuaj. Yog li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog los soj ntsuam kev ruaj ntseg ceev faj.