Poov tshuaj permanganate: loj tshuaj zog thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Poov tshuaj permanganate nyob rau hauv Latin yog hu ua Kalii permanganas. Lub ntiaj teb no yog cia li ib tug poov tshuaj permanganate - poov tshuaj ntsev nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm manganese acid. Lettering KMnO. Hu nrog organic ntaub ntawv ntawm cov protein - albuminates, lub cev ncus rau no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog dhau hlawv nov ntawm nqaij tawv, knitting, lub zos voos, thaum muaj ib tug zoo nyhuv thiab deodorant cuab yeej thiab antidote.

Poov tshuaj permanganate twb npaj los ntawm electrochemical oxidation ntawm manganese tebchaw los yog los hloov lawv cov proportions. Ntawm no yog ib co tshuaj rau potassium permanganate, yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab pharmacology:

2MnO2 +3 Cl2 + 8KOH → 2KMnO4 + 6KCl + 4H2O

2K2MnO4 + 2H2O → 2KMnO4 + H2 ↑ + 2KOH.

Ntawm no, raws li peb pom, manganese, oxidized, yog reacted nrog chlorine thiab poov tshuaj ntsev ntawm molecules. Qhov thib ob bank cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, vim nws endothermic poov tshuaj permanganate los ntawm cov electrolysis ntawm lub concentrate.

Lub lub zog ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm no compound tseem hu ua poov tshuaj permanganate, uas yog ib tug granular muaju thiab orthorhombic daim ntawv ntawm tsaus liab doog xim. Cov poov tshuaj permanganate muaju daim ntawv decomposes rau cua sov kub ntawm 240 ° C thiab saum toj no, txoj kev ua pa evolution. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm cov nram qab no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:

2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.

Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw ceev 2,703 g / cc. thawv muaj rau sab hniav puas loj ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate - 158,03 g / mol. Lub solubility ntawm tebchaw nyob rau hauv cov dej nyob rau hauv lub concentration thiab cov dej kub (cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv rooj 1).

Rooj 1. solubility ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate txawv kub

Nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm cov muaju ntxiv mus rau cov dej ntawm txawv kub, txhua daws yuav muaj ib tug Hawj txawm - los ntawm tsis muaj zog, daj magenta ntawm ib tug tsawg concentration rau ib cov ntshav-violet - thaum loj. Lwm yam kuab tshuaj poov tshuaj permanganate muaju protrude acetone, ammonia thiab methyl haus dej cawv.

Tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate

Substance "poov tshuaj permanganate" yog ib tug ncaj muaj zog oxidizing neeg sawv cev. Nyob rau hauv lub pH ntawm qhov nruab nrab nws ua rau ntau hom tshuaj raug txo kom manganese nyob rau hauv kab zauv sib txuas ntawm txawv degrees ntawm oxidation. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug acidic ib puag ncig - II, nyob rau hauv ib tug alkaline - mus VI, nyob rau hauv ib tug nruab nrab nruab nrab, feem - mus IV.

Adjoining mloog zoo sulfuric acid, poov tshuaj permanganate, tshuaj zog uas qhia oxidation ua ib tug heev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab kev faib tawm cov pa thaum rhuab - Qhov no txoj kev yog dav siv O2 ntau lawm nyob rau hauv kev lag luam.

Kev siv cov poov tshuaj permanganate

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub kuaj zus tau tej cov poov tshuaj permanganate faib nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis raws li cov oxidant. Lub alkaline daws yog zoo nyob rau hauv tu thiab degreasing neeg sawv cev. Nrov thiab ntau yam ntaub ntawv rau ntawm 0.1% daws nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm kub nyhiab, muab yaug, tua, deriving toxins. Ib txhia chaw muag tshuaj tsis txhob cia cov khoom no, txij li thaum qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Ministry, nws yog txwv kom muab zais rau ib qho kev tawg teeb meem. Tab sis koj yuav tau txais poov tshuaj permanganate nyob rau hauv teb khw muag khoom noj nyob qhov twg nws yog muag li ib tug fertilizer.