Cov tsis muaj zog los luj thiab muaj zog acid ntsev los ntawm hydrolysis

Yuav kom to taub li cas hais ntsev hydrolysis nyob rau hauv lawv cov aqueous lub ntsiab, yuav pib lub ntsiab txhais ntawm lub tam sim no cov txheej txheem.

Lus Txhais thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hydrolysis

Qhov no txoj kev yuav cov tshuaj nyhuv ntawm dej ions nrog ntsev ions tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tsis muaj zog puag (los yog acid) thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab kev hloov. Tej ntsev tej zaum yuav muaj tuaj raws li cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj sis ntawm lub hauv paus thiab lub acid. Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi yog lawv quab yuam nrhiav tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm variants ntawm tus txheej txheem txaus.

hom hydrolysis

Nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS saib peb hom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub cations thiab ntsev dej. Txhua txoj kev yog nqa tawm nrog ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv pH, yog li ntawd nws yog lam xav mus siv rau kev txiav txim hydrogen index sib txawv ntawm cov indicators. Piv txwv li, lub acidic nruab nrab siv ntshav litmus rau alkaline phenolphthalein yog tsim. Cais ntau hydrolysis yam ntxwv ntawm txhua embodiment. Muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog bases yuav txiav txim los ntawm lub solubility ntawm lub rooj, thiab cov kua qaub quab yuam kuaj tau los ntawm lub rooj.

Hydrolysis ntawm lub ntawv

Raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm xws li ib tug ntsev Xav ferric chloride (2). hlau hydroxide (2) - ib tug tsis muaj zog los luj thiab ib tug muaj zog acid yog hydrochloric acid. Thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej (hydrolysis) yog tsim los ntawm ib tug yooj yim ntsev (ferric hydroxychloride 2) thiab tsim hydrochloric acid. Nws zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj acidic, los mus txiav txim nws tau siv xiav litmus (pH tsawg tshaj li 7). Yog li nws hais los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm lub ntawv, raws li cov uas qaug zog puag siv.

Lwm cov piv txwv rau cov hydrolysis piav cov ntaub ntawv. Xav txog cov magnesium chloride ntsev. Magnesium hydroxide - yog ib tug tsis muaj zog los luj thiab hydrochloric acid - muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sis raug zoo nrog cov dej lwg me me magnesium chloride yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug yooj yim ntsev (hydroxychloride). Magnesium hydroxide, uas nws mis yog feem ntau uas muaj tuaj raws li M (OH) _2, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv dej, tab sis muab ib tug muaj zog hydrochloric acid tshuaj, ib tug acidic ib puag ncig.

Lub hydrolysis ntawm lub anion

Ib tug ntxiv embodiment yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm lub ntsev uas yog tsim los ntawm ib tug muaj zog puag (alkali) thiab cov tsis muaj zog acid. Raws li ib qho piv txwv rau cov ntaub ntawv no peb xav txog qhov sodium carbonate.

Qhov no ntsev muaj ib tug muaj zog sodium puag, thiab ib tug tsis muaj zog carbonic acid. Sis nrog dej lwg me me proceeds nrog tsim ntawm ib tug acid ntsev - sodium carbonate, i.e. los ntawm hydrolysis yog ib qho anion. Ntxiv mus, nws tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug tov ntawm sodium hydroxide, uas muab ib tug tov ntawm ib tug alkaline ib puag ncig.

Lwm cov piv txwv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no. Poov tshuaj sulfite - ib lub ntsev, uas yog tsim los ntawm ib tug muaj zog paus - poov tshuaj hydroxide, thiab weaker sulfurous acid. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sis raug zoo nrog dej (rau hydrolysis) yog tsim poov tshuaj hydrogensulfite (acid ntsev) thiab poov tshuaj hydroxide (alkali). Cov nruab nrab nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj no alkaline, nws yuav paub tseeb hais tias siv ib tug phenolphthalein.

tiav hydrolysis

Cov ntsev ntawm muaj zog acid thiab tsis muaj zog puag undergoes tiav hydrolysis. Sim nrhiav seb yog dab tsi nws feature, thiab dab tsi cov khoom yog tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Tsom xam cov hydrolysis ntawm ib tug tsis muaj zog los luj thiab ib tug tsis muaj zog acid nyob rau hauv Piv txwv li sulfide txhuas. Qhov no tsim txhuas hydroxide ntsev, uas yog ib tug tsis muaj zog los luj thiab ib tug tsis muaj zog acid, hydrogen sulfide. Los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej cai tiav hydrolysis, ua nyob rau hauv lub tsim hydrogen sulfide roj, raws li zoo raws li txhuas hydroxide precipitate. Tej kev sis raug zoo tshwm sim thiab rau ntawv thiab anion, yog li ntawd, xws hydrolysis yog suav tias yog tiav.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub heev kev sib tshuam ntawm no hom nrog ntsev dej yuav ua tau magnesium sulfide. Raws li ib feem ntawm lub ntsev yog magnesium hydroxide, nws mis - Mg (OH) 2. Qhov no yog ib tug tsis muaj zog puag, insoluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj hydrosulphuric acid, uas yog tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv magnesium sulfide. Los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tiav hydrolysis (rau ntawv thiab anion), tsim ib tug magnesium hydroxide precipitate thiab hydrogen sulfide tso nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov roj.

Yog hais tias peb xav txog lub hydrolysis ntawm lub ntsev uas yog tsim nrog ib tug muaj zog acid thiab muaj zog puag, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias nws tsis paim quav. Cov nruab nrab nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm ntsev xws li chloride, sodium nitrate, poov tshuaj, tseem nruab nrab.

xaus

Muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog bases, acid ntsev uas yog tsim, kev cuam tshuam rau cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub hydrolysis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab nyob rau hauv lub resulting tov. Tej dab lug faib nyob rau hauv cov xwm.

Hydrolysis yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj transformation ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab. Nws muaj hlau sulfides, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Raws li lawv cov hydrolysis tshwm sim tsim ntawm hydrogen sulfide, nws emissions thaum lub sij hawm lub volcanic kev ua si rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Silicate pob zeb nyob rau hauv txoj kev hloov hydroxides, ua gradual kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub pob zeb. Piv txwv li, xws li ib tug mineral malachite, nws yog qhov khoom ntawm hydrolysis tooj liab carbonates.

Intensive hydrolysis txheej txheem kuj yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Hydrogen carbonates ntawm magnesium thiab calcium, uas yog npaum li cas tawm ntawm cov dej, muaj ib tug me ntsis alkaline medium. Nyob rau hauv xws tej yam kev mob, yav tom ntej cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv marine cov nroj tsuag, marine kab mob tsim muaj sib.

Cov roj muaj impurities ntawm dej thiab calcium thiab magnesium ntsev. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cua sov roj, nws yog lawv kev sis raug zoo nrog rau cov pa dej. Thaum lub sij hawm lub hydrolysis, hydrogen chloride yog tsim, uas, nyob rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov hlau tshwm sim cov khoom puas tsuaj.