TsimScience

Yuav ua li cas yog lub voltage nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob circuits,

Peb txhua tus yeej paub hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tig rau lub teeb, nias lub teb hloov khawm, nias nws. Nyem - thiab lub teeb teeb li, illuminating tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm. Feem ntau, ob peb cov neeg xav txog cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muaj ntau soj ntsuam ntawm muaj devoted xyoo sim mus xyuas seb dab tsi yog qhov voltage thiab tam sim no.

Los ntawm analogy nrog kua ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "tam sim no" yog lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho - yog ib tug qhia zog, ndlwg. Nrog rau kev hwm mus hluav taws xob, nws yog ib yaam zog ntawm negatively thiab zoo them hais. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los ua tim nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias nws tsis yog hais txog cov electrons, tab sis kuj hais txog atoms, lawv tsis tau. Lub electron xwb yog tsis zoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub ions (atoms hais) - zoo. To taub dab tsi yog qhov voltage, lub piv txwv nram qab no yuav pab.

Cia peb xav txog tej yam ib tug yooj yim lub tswvyim: lub incandescent teeb, tus tes hloov qhov kev cob cog rua rau lub rupture ntawm ib tug ntawm ob summing up cov nyob ntawm tej, thiab fais fab mov. Lub teeb zes, koj yuav tsum xub ntawm txhua tus to taub dab tsi yog thiab zoo li cas yog lub voltage txawv ntawm lub ntuj tsab ntawv tsa suab hais thiab quab yuam.

Cov hlau hlau yog muaj li ntawm atoms, uas lossi tshwm sim ib yam zog ntawm electrons. Txawm li cas los, ib tug tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws tsis yog, vim yog ib tug disordered (chaotic, uas tsis yog-directional) zog ntawm lawv. Hais "rog" txav nyob rau hauv txoj cai coj ntawm lub electric teb. Nws qhov chaw yuav pab tau raws li generators nyob rau hauv hwj chim noj, tshuaj hais, thiab lwm yam ntawm tam sim no thiab teb lub zog, ua rau nws, muaj yog ib tug ncaj qha kev sib raug zoo :. Nrog ua magnitude ntawm lub electric teb thiab tam sim no yuav tsub kom.

Feem ntau, tam sim no - yog tus naj npawb ntawm elementary hais "dhau" los ntawm cov neeg xyuas pib ib chav tsev lub sij hawm. Tag nrho cov them nyiaj tau lub sij hawm kom dhau lub electrons yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv coulombs. Li no, lub tsev ntawm qhov tam sim no, lub ampere, yog tus nqi ntawm 1 coulomb dua los ntawm ib tug neeg xyuas pib nyob rau hauv 1 thib ob.

Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj tus to taub hais tias xws li ib tug voltage, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los mus txiav txim tus xov tooj tam sim no nyob tos rau lub electric teb. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub teb yog ib tug dag zog yuam uas ua rau txhua electron (los yog pendant) txav mus rau hauv txoj cai coj. Txawm li cas los, txij li thaum tus nqi ntawm cov teb yog txawv nyob rau txhua kis ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, nws twb txiav txim siab los tuab qhov kev kawm xwb xaav, tsis paub daws teeb quab yuam.

Yog li, lub voltage - yog lub peev xwm sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub opposite xaus ntawm ib tug neeg xyuas pib kev cob cog rua mus rau qhov chaw ntawm EMF. Voltage yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv volts. Rau lub hom phiaj no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv - ib tug voltmeter. Nws yog kev cob cog rua thoob plaws lub load: piv txwv li cov aforementioned ob probes voltmeter kev cob cog rua rau lub duas paub ob cov neeg uas lub teeb. Qhov no tso cai rau kom ntsuas lub teb siv ntawm cov ntsiab lus.

Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm clarity, koj yuav xav txog tej yam nws tus kheej lub "tus cwj pwm" ntawm them hais nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg xyuas pib. Hauv, raws li twb tau hais, muaj ib tug tsis zoo xwb, yog li ntawd, attracted rau hais ntawm qhov opposite xwb kos npe rau. Lub siab dua lub concentration ntawm cov ions nyob rau txhua ncej, qhov ntau dawb electrons nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg xyuas pib (vim hais tias lawv - ib co ntawm cov atoms). Qhov no txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus piv "-" thiab "+" yog energized.

Teb (voltage) generated nyob rau hauv fais fab nroj tsuag. Raws li cov kev cai lij choj ntawm electromagnetic induction nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib kab sib tshuam lub magnetic teb, ib tug electromotive quab yuam. Cia li txuas rau load thiab tsim tau lub Circuit Court, raws li cov voltage yuav tshwm sim. Cov sab nraud hwj chim generators (dej, chav, cua) lub ntsiab ua lub electromagnet, uas ua rau yus nws teb nyob rau hauv lub windings EMF. Txhua winding theem cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau cov lug-theem voltage. Yuav kom tsim nyob rau hauv lub oscillator yog tam sim no ncaj qha peb windings teem nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev (lagging los ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm 120 degrees).

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