TsimScience

Fertilization - dab tsi yog yuav mus nyob rau thiab yuav ua li cas? Ob chav fertilization nyob rau hauv flowering

Fertilization - yog tus txheej txheem ntawm cov phiajcim ntawm ob hlwb, uas ua nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov hlwb tshiab, muab sawv mus rau lwm kab mob ntawm tib genus los yog hom. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug muab ob npaug rau fertilization nyob rau hauv flowering nroj tsuag thiab yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim, nyeem no tsab xov xwm.

Lub essence ntawm fertilization

Nws los ua ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub fusion ntawm ob hlwb, poj niam thiab txiv neej, thiab cov emergence ntawm ib tug diploid zygote. Nyob rau hauv txhua khub chromosomes yog tam sim no ib tug txiv thiab ib tug niam ntawm tes. Lub essence ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm fertilization yog los lub diploid txheej chromosomes thiab muab kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic khoom siv ntawm cov niam txiv. Lawv cov xeeb ntxwv yuav muaj ntau zaum li txuas lub feem ntau pab tau zoo los ntawm nws txiv thiab nws niam.

Fertilization - yog dab tsi?

Qhov no txheej txheem ntawm kev tshoov siab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub qe nyob rau hauv lub merger ntawm nuclei. Fertilization - yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib qho irreversible txheej txheem uas tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm fusion ntawm gametes ntawm txawv kuj thiab combining lawv nuclei. Lub fertilized qe yog tsis raug rau txoj kev ua no ib tug thib ob lub sij hawm.

Tab sis muaj nroj tsuag uas muab tsim ib tug tshiab tiam nkaus xwb los ntawm tus poj niam gamete tsis muaj fertilization. Qhov no tu tub tu kiv yog hu ua ib tug nkauj xwb. Nws yog noteworthy tias cov ob txoj kev tu tub tu kiv nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau raug interleaved.

Ob chav fertilization ntawm flowering nroj tsuag

Pw ua ke hlwb ntawm ob pib yuav tsum tau hu ua gametes. Thiab cov poj niam yog cov qe, thiab tus txiv neej - phev uas cog noob tsau, thaum lub sij hawm spore - mobile. Fertilization - yog dab tsi? Nws yog ib lub tsos ntawm ib tug cell - lub zygote, muaj raws roj ntsha sijhawm phev thiab qe.

Flowering nroj tsuag muaj txoj fertilization, uas yog hu ua ib tug muab ob npaug rau, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub qe yog fertilized los ntawm lwm tshwj xeeb ntawm tes. Tsim cov phev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov plua tshauv hais ntawm pollen, thiab lawv maturation yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub Stamens, los yog es nyob rau hauv lawv cov anthers. Spot tsim ovules qe nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam qws txob. Thaum lub qe yog fertilized phev, ovule los ntawm qhov pib los tsim noob.

Yuav kom fertilization nyob rau hauv flowering tau tshwm sim, koj thawj zaug yuav tsum mus pollinate cov nroj tsuag, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub stigma yuav tsum tau txais ib tug speck ntawm hmoov av paj ntoos. Thaum lub stigma, lawv pib loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam, ua rau ib tug paj ntoos raj. Ib txhij, cov hmoov av particle yog tsim ntawm ob phev hlwb. Lawv tsis txhob sawv ntsug tseem thiab pib txav ntawm lub paj ntoos tube, uas penetrates rau hauv lub ovule. Ntawm no, los mus faib ib cell elongation thiab lub tsim ntawm lub embryo sac.

Nws yuav tsum tau rau qhov chaw ntawm lub qe nyob rau hauv nws, thiab txawm ib tug tib cell, uas tsom ib tug muab ob npaug rau txheej kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic ntaub ntawv. Tom qab ntawd paj ntoos raj germination tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub embryo sac thiab fusion ntawm cov phev thiab qe, uas ua nyob rau hauv lub tsim lub zygote, thiab lwm yam - nrog ib tug kev cell. txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub embryo ntawm lub zygote tshwm sim. Qhov thib ob fusion ntaub ntawv nutritive ntaub so ntswg, endosperm los yog tsim nyog rau kev noj haus ntawm cov embryo thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob lub sij hawm.

Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau rau lub hav zoov ntawm txhua hom ntawm tsob ntoo lawm?

  • Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum rov qab kho cov diploid txheej chromosomes, thiab tsis pub dhau nws - lawv pairing.
  • Muab cov ntaub ntawv uas cov rooj saab laaj ntawm tiam, tom qab ib tug succession.
  • Muab mus ua ib lub ib siab zoo los yog raws roj ntsha thaj chaw ntawm leej niam leej txiv.

Tag nrho cov no yog ua nyob rau hauv lub caj theem. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav pom tau hais fertilization, maturation ntawm niam thiab txiv gametes yuav tsum tshwm sim ib txhij.

Fertilization nyob rau hauv angiosperms

Qhov no tus txheej txheem no piav rau cov thawj lub sij hawm ib tug German tus paub txog Strasburger nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov puas tawm xyoo dhau. Fertilization tshwm sim angiosperms lub merger ntawm ob gametes nuclei sib txawv: nrog cov txiv neej thiab poj niam hauv paus ntsiab lus. Lawv cytoplasm yog tsis muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv fertilization. Ua tau Fertilization tshwm sim thaum cov phev fuses nrog lub qe nucleus.

Lub birthplace ntawm cov phev yog lub paj ntoos grain los yog paj ntoos raj. Lub grain pib loj hlob tom qab kev uas yuav ntog nyob rau stigma. Lub sij hawm ntawm qhov pib ntawm txoj kev no, txhua tus nroj tsuag yog txawv, raws li lub sij hawm ntawm fertilization. Piv txwv li, beet paj ntoos nplej yuav ciaj sia tom qab ob teev, thiab maize - instantly. Tus thawj kos npe rau ntawm germination - nws nce nyob rau hauv volume. Feem ntau ib tug paj ntoos grain ntaub ntawv ib tug raj. Tab sis ib co nroj tsuag yog tsis raug rau txoj cai no thiab tsim ntau yam handsets, tsuas yog ib tus uas nce mus txog nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Tsw ntsim raj nrog phev rau nws ambulant hlob thiab thaum kawg lov. Tag nrho nws cov txheem yog nyob rau hauv lub embryo sac. Ib tug ntawm cov infiltrators no phev yog tswvcuab rau hauv lub qe thiab merges nrog nws haploid nucleus. Fertilization - yog dab tsi? Qhov no fusion ntawm ob nuclei ntawm cov phev thiab qe. Lub fertilized qe pib faib, tau ob tug tshiab lub hlwb. Lawv muab faib ua plaub, thiab li ntawm. Yog li, muaj ib tug ntau division, nyob rau hauv uas cov nroj tsuag embryo tsim.

Angiosperm nroj tsuag tom qab fertilization muaj lub peev xwm los tsim ib tug ntxiv lub cev, uas yog hu ua tus endosperm. Qhov no yog tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj li qhov noj haus embryo Wednesday. Thaum txuas ob phev thiab diploid nucleus yog tsim ib tug tej yam txheej chromosomes, ob tug uas - niam keeb kwm thiab ib tug - txiv. Yog li, lub ob fertilization tsob nroj kab mob yog thaum twg ib tug kab fuses nrog lub qe, thiab lwm yam - nrog rau cov tub ntxhais hlwb, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

Yus nta ntawm angiosperms

  • Ntau adaptation rau loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev mob.
  • Ob chav fertilization, uas tso cai rau kom muaj ib tug mov ntawm tshuaj tsim nyog rau lub qub germination ntawm noob.
  • Lub xub ntiag ntawm triploid endosperm.
  • Kev Kawm Ntawv ovules hauv lub zes qe menyuam, nyob rau lub carpel phab ntsa los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
  • Me nyuam hauv plab kev loj hlob angiosperms los ntawm lub zes qe menyuam.
  • Nrhiav noob hauv lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov phab ntsa uas muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm nws.
  • Lub xub ntiag ntawm paj ua rau nws ua tau rau pollinate tus nroj tsuag rau kab.

Tsaug rau cov nta angiosperms nyob ib tug tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Feature fertilization ntawm angiosperms

Nws li nram no los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov nroj tsuag muaj ib tug muab ob npaug rau fertilization. Ib cim feature yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug tshwm sim hu ua Xenu. Nws lub ntsiab lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias lub paj ntoos ncaj qha kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov endosperm. Piv txwv li, muab lub pob kws.

Nws yog ib tug daj thiab dawb noob. Lawv xim nyob rau cov xim ntawm cov endosperm. Tom qab pollination ntawm cov poj niam paj nrog paj ntoos Belozernaya maize ntau ntau yam zheltozernogo nws painting tseem yuav daj, thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob endosperm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug nroj tsuag nrog rau dawb taum.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub luag hauj lwm flowering nroj tsuag?

Cov nroj tsuag nyiaj rau 13 000 yug thiab 250 000 hom. Lawv yog lug siv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Flowering nroj tsuag - cov no yog cov tseem ceeb Cheebtsam ntawm lub biosphere, tsim organic tshuaj uas khi carbon dioxide thiab emit oxygen. Grazing zaub mov saw pib nrog lawv. Muaj ntau hom ntawm flowering nroj tsuag yog ib tug neeg siv rau khoom noj khoom haus. Ntawm no, ua tsev thiab yuav ua rau ntau yam tsev neeg cov ntaub ntawv.

Yuav tsis tau ua yog tsis muaj lawv, thiab tshuaj. Tej yam hom angiosperms yog hom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, lawv ua si ib decisive luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov tsim thiab tsim ntawm cov nroj tsuag cover qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov av phytomass. Thaum kawg, nws yog ib cov nroj tsuag yog txiav txim los ntawm lub lub hav zoov ntawm cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb raws li ib yam ntawm lom.

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