Inductance: lub mis. Cov kev ntsuas ntawm inductance. inductance voj

Leej twg tsis tau kawm physics hauv tsev kawm ntawv? Rau ib txhia, nws twb nthuav thiab to taub, thaum lwm tus neeg pored tshaj cov phau ntawv, sim los cim complex cov ntsiab. Tab sis peb txhua tus yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias lub ntiaj teb no yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub cev kev txawj ntse. Niaj hnub no peb tham txog cov tswv yim xws li cov inductance ntawm qhov tam sim no lub voj inductance, thiab paub dab tsi yog qhov capacitors thiab hais tias yog lub solenoid.

Cov hluav taws xob Circuit Court thiab lub inductance

Inductance ua hauj lwm pab rau tuab lub magnetic thaj chaw ntawm qhov hluav taws xob Circuit Court. Nws txhais tias yog cov coefficient ntawm proportionality ntawm tam sim no thiab cov hluav taws xob tam sim no txaus nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw sib nqus Circuit Court. Qhov no tam sim no txaus yog generated los ntawm lub voj nto. Lwm txhais hais tias lub inductance ntawm ib tug Circuit Court parameter thiab txiav txim nws tus kheej-induction EMF. Lub sij hawm yog siv los qhia rau hauv Circuit Court caij thiab muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej-induction nyhuv uas tau raug qhib thiab D. Henry M. Faraday ntawm nws tus kheej. Lub inductance txuam nrog rau daim ntawv no, luaj li cas thiab contour nqi ntawm magnetic permeability ntawm surrounding chaw. Nyob rau hauv SI units, cov nqi no yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv Henry, thiab yog denoted li L.

Thiab ntsuas lub inductance ntawm inductance

Hu inductance nqi, uas yog tus piv ntawm cov magnetic flux ntws los ntawm tag nrho cov coils mus rau ib tug Circuit Court amperage:

• L = N x F: I.

Lub inductance ntawm lub Circuit Court yog nyob rau hauv tus duab, luaj li cas thiab contour ntawm lub magnetic thaj chaw ntawm qhov nruab nrab nyob rau hauv uas nws yog nyob rau. Yog hais tias lub kaw-voj hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws, muaj ib tug hloov magnetic teb. Qhov no tom qab ua rau cov emergence ntawm lub EMF. Cov me nyuam yug ntawm tus ntxias tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub voj kaw yog hu ua "self-inductance". Raws li Lenz kav tsis hloov tau tus nqi ntawm qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court. Yog hais tias lub inductance yog kuaj, nws tseem tau mus thov ib tug hluav taws xob Circuit Court, nyob rau ib resistor muaj nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus thiab lub kauj nrog ib tug hlau tub ntxhais. Pheej nrog lawv txuas thiab hluav taws xob teeb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kuj ntawm lub resistor yog sib npaug zos rau cov DC kauj. Cov tshwm sim yuav tsum kaj burning teeb. Cov tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej-induction yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv electronics thiab hluav taws xob engineering.

Yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav tau inductance

Cov mis, uas yog tsuas yog mus nrhiav tau tus nqi, cov nram qab no:

• L = F: Kuv,

qhov twg F - magnetic flux, I - tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court.

Los ntawm lub inductor yuav qhia raws li nws tus kheej hob EMF:

• Ei = -u x di: dt.

Los ntawm mis xaus yog lub suav koob pheej ntawm lawv induction electromotive dag zog yuam uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub voj thaum lub tam sim no lub hwj chim rau ib tug ammeter rau ib tug thib ob.

Cov nce mus nce los inductance ua rau nws tau mus nrhiav tau lub zog ntawm cov magnetic teb:

• W = LI ^2: 2.

"Lig xov ntawm xov"

Lub inductor yog ib qho insulated tooj liab hlau mob rau ib tug khoom hauv paus. Raws li rau rwb thaiv tsev, ces cov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog dav - qhov no ntsia thawv thiab hlau rwb thaiv tsev, thiab ntaub. Lub magnitude ntawm lub magnetic flux nyob rau hauv lub square lub tog raj kheej. Yog hais tias koj ua kom cov tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub kauj, lub magnetic teb yuav ua ntau thiab vice versa.

Yog hais tias koj thov ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no mus rau lub kauj, ces muaj tshwm sim ib voltage opposite voltage, tab sis nws mam li nco dheev disappears. Qhov no zoo ntawm kev nyuaj siab no yog hu ua electromotive quab yuam ntawm nws tus kheej-induction. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm energization mus rau lub kauj tam sim no lub dag lub zog hloov nws tus nqi los ntawm 0 mus rau ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus. Lub voltage ntawm no taw tes muaj ib tug nqi hloov raws li Ohm txoj kev cai:

• I = U: R,

qhov twg kuv characterizes amperage, U - qhia lub voltage, R - kuj ntawm lub kauj.

Lwm feature tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kauj yog lub nram qab no fact: yog hais tias koj qhib lub Circuit Court "kauj - tam sim no qhov twg los," lub EMF yuav muab ntxiv rau kev nyuaj siab. Tam sim no yog tseem pib loj hlob, thiab ces pib poob. Li no tus thawj txoj kev cai commutation, uas hais tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub inductor tsis hloov instantaneously.

Chev yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob hom:

1. Nrog magnetic taub. ferrites thiab hlau ua raws li ib tug lub plawv khoom. Lub cores pab ua rau kom cov inductance.
2. Nrog rau cov uas tsis yog-sib nqus. Siv nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg lub inductance tsis ntau tshaj li tsib MH.

Cov pab kiag li lawm txawv nyob rau hauv tsos thiab nrog cov qauv. Nyob rau tej tsis yog lub kauj inductance. Cov mis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yog sib txawv. Piv txwv li, lub inductance yuav ua ncaj rau ib tug txheej coils:

• L = 10μ0ΠN ² R ^2: 9R + 10l.

Thiab tam sim no rau cov multilayer lwm mis:

• L = μ0N ² R ^2: 2Π (6R + 9l + 10W).

Ntsiab tshawb pom txuam nrog kev ua hauj lwm coils:

1. Nyob rau ib tug cylindrical ferrite biggest inductance tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab.
2. Rau siab tshaj plaws inductance yuav tsum zoo qhov txhab windings ntawm lub lig xov.
3. Lub inductance ntawm tus me, tus me naj npawb ntawm cov lem.
4. Lub toroidal tub ntxhais kev ncua deb ntawm lub lem ntawm lub kauj tsis txawv.
5. Lub inductance nqi nyob rau hauv lub "lem squared."
6. Yog hais tias lub inductor kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv series, lawv tag nrho tus nqi yog lub sum ntawm inductances.
7. Thaum kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus, koj yuav tsum tau kom paub tseeb hais tias cov inductance tau spaced rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib. Txwv tsis pub, lawv zaj lus tim khawv yuav tsis muaj tseeb vim lub kev sib nrig sib cawv ntawm magnetic teb.

solenoid

Nyob rau hauv cov tswvyim no yog hais txog ib tug cylindrical kauj hlau uas yuav txhab nyob rau hauv ib los yog ntau khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. ib tug kheej kheej ntev tshuam ntau dua qhov taub. Vim xws yam ntxwv thaum muaj ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub solenoid kab noj hniav yug magnetic teb. Tus nqi ntawm kev hloov ntawm magnetic flux xwm yeem mus rau tam sim no hloov. Lub inductance ntawm lub kauj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog xam raws li nram no:

• df: dt = L dl: dt.

Txawm qhov no zoo ntawm coils hu ua electromechanical Actuator nrog lub retractable tub ntxhais. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub solenoid nkag nrog ib tug sab nraud ferromagnetic magnetic tub ntxhais - tus quab.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, tus ntaus ntawv yuav muab cov hydraulics thiab electronics. Nyob rau qhov no hauv paus, tsim plaub ua qauv:

• Tus thawj yog muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov kab siab.
• Qhov thib ob qauv yog txawv los ntawm lwm yam yuam kauj xauv-up clutch nyob rau hauv lub torque converter.
• Qhov thib peb qauv nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj siab regulators, lub luag hauj lwm rau cov hauj lwm ua haujlwm.
• Qhov thib plaub yog tshuaj hydraulically los yog li qub.

Cov tsim nyog muab xam qauv rau

Yuav nrhiav tau cov inductance ntawm lub kauj, lub mis siv yog raws li nram no:

• L = μ0n ² V,

qhov twg μ0 qhia tau hais tias lub magnetic permeability ntawm ib lub tshuab nqus, n - yog tus naj npawb ntawm koj lem, V - qhov ntim ntawm lub solenoid.

Tsis tas li ntawd los mus laij lub kauj inductance li sai tau thiab nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm lwm mis:

• L = μ0N ² S: l,

qhov twg S - yog tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional cheeb tsam thiab l - ntev ntawm lub solenoid.

Yuav nrhiav tau cov inductance ntawm lub kauj, ib tug formula yog siv, tej uas yog haum rau cov tshuaj rau qhov teeb meem no.

Ua hauj lwm rau lub AC thiab DC

Lub magnetic teb uas yog generated nyob rau hauv lub kauj, qhia raws axis thiab yog sib npaug zos rau:

• B = μ0nI,

qhov twg μ0 - permeability ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev yog, n - yog tus naj npawb ntawm koj lem, thiab kuv - tam sim no tus nqi.

Thaum tam sim no ntws los ntawm lub solenoid, lub kauj khw muag khoom noj zog uas yog sib npaug zos rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj tam sim no. Los mus laij lub inductance nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov mis siv yog raws li nram no:

• E = LI ^2: 2

qhov twg L qhia lub inductance nqi, thiab E - stored zog.

Self-induction electromotive quab yuam tshwm sim thaum lub tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub solenoid.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm AC lag luam zoo nkaus li ib tug alternating magnetic teb. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus quab yuam ntawm attraction tej zaum yuav sib txawv, thiab tej zaum yuav nyob twj ywm unchanged. Cov thawj cov ntaub ntawv no tshwm sim thaum uas siv cov solenoid li cov solenoid. Thiab yam thib ob, thaum lub armature yog ua los ntawm magnetic khoom. Solenoid alternating tam sim no muaj impedance, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub winding kuj thiab nws inductance.

Cov feem ntau siv solenoids ntawm cov thawj hom (DC) - ib tug Translational quab yuam raws li lub Actuator. Lub zog yog nyob ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais thiab plhaub. Piv txwv yog txoj kev siv cov txiab thaum txiav ua hauj lwm cov tshev mis nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj, motors thiab li qub nyob rau hauv hydraulic tshuab, locks lub tabs. Solenoids ntawm lub thib ob hom yog siv raws li inductors rau induction cua sov nyob rau hauv crucible furnaces.

oscillatory circuits

Qhov yooj yim ntawm lub resonant Circuit Court yog ib tug serial oscillating Circuit Court, muaj raws ntawm inductor coils yog muaj thiab cov capacitor los ntawm kev uas ib tug alternating tam sim no tsev. Yuav kom txiav txim seb qhov inductance ntawm lub kauj, lub mis siv yog raws li nram no:

• XL = W x L,

nyob rau XL qhia tau hais tias reactance kauj, thiab W - yeej zaus.

Yog hais tias koj siv ib tug reactive impedance ntawm lub capacitor, ces cov mis yuav zoo li no:

Xc = 1: W x C.

Tseem ceeb cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub oscillation Circuit Court yog tus resonant zaus, yam ntxwv impedance thiab lub Q ntawm lub Circuit Court. Tus thawj characterizes lub zaus nyob qhov twg cov voj kuj yog kom nquag plias. Qhov thib ob qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas lub reactance nyob rau resonant zaus ntawm xws tseem ceeb li lub capacitance thiab inductance ntawm lub oscillating Circuit Court. Qhov thib peb yam ntxwv txiav txim seb tus amplitude thiab dav ntawm lub amplitude zaus yam ntxwv (zaus teb) ntawm lub resonance thiab qhia tau hais tias qhov ntev muab lub zog nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court piv rau lub zog losses ib oscillation lub sij hawm. Lub zaus thaj chaw ntawm cov kos duab circuits yog ntsuas siv lub zaus teb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub Circuit Court yog suav tias yog raws li ib tug quadripole. Thaum cov duab tus nqi yog graphs voltage voj nce (K). Qhov no tus nqi qhia tus piv ntawm cov zis voltage rau cov tswv yim. Rau circuits uas tsis muaj xws li lub zog qhov chaw thiab ntau qhov cuab lub zog hais, lub coefficient nqi yog siab tshaj kev sib sau. Nws nyhav xoom thaum nyob rau hauv frequencies sib txawv los ntawm lub resonance Circuit Court muaj ib tug high kuj muaj nqis. Yog hais tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus kuj muaj nqis, cov coefficient yog nyob ze rau kev sib sau.

Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus resonant Circuit Court muaj xws li ob dav hlau tug txawv quab yuam reactivity. Kev siv cov no hom ntawm Circuit Court implies paub tias ib tug uas tig mus Circuit Court hais tsim nyog los ntxiv tsuas yog lawv conductivity, tiam sis tsis ua hauj. Thaum lub resonant zaus ntawm lub zuag qhia tag nrho conductivity ntawm lub Circuit Court yog sib npaug zos rau xoom, qhia tias lub infinitely loj AC kuj. Rau ib Circuit Court nyob rau hauv uas muaj xws li thaum uas tig mus capacitance (C), kuj (R) thiab inductance, lub mis uas koom siab ua ke rau lawv thiab qhov zoo tshaj yuav (Q), raws li nram no:

• Q = R√C: L.

Nyob rau hauv lub lag luam, thaum uas tig mus Circuit Court nyob rau hauv ib tug lub sij hawm ntawm oscillation tshwm sim ob zaug lub zog pauv ntawm lub condenser thiab lub kauj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub voj tam sim no, uas yog muaj nuj nqis siab dua qhov tam sim no tus nqi nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud Circuit Court.

capacitor ua hauj lwm

Tus ntaus ntawv yog ib tug ob-ncej tsawg conductivity thiab nrog ib tug kuj tsis paub meej los yog qhov capacitance nqi. Thaum lub capacitor yog tsis them, nws kuj yog nyob ze rau zero, txwv tsis pub nws yog sib npaug zos rau infinity. Yog hais tias lub hwj chim qhov twg los yog kaw los ntawm lub caij, nws yuav hais tias qhov twg los rau nws tawm. Siv capacitor nyob rau hauv electronics yog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej uas tshem suab nrov. Tus ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv hwj chim khoom siv rau lub hwj chim circuits yog siv los pub nruab nrog loj loads. Qhov no yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub caij tus muaj peev xwm kis tau ib tug nce mus nce los tivthaiv, tab sis tam sim no tsis ruaj tsis khov. Lub siab dua lub zaus tivthaiv, cov tsawg cov kuj ntawm lub capacitor. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub condenser jammed tag nrho cov suab uas mus rau sab saum toj ntawm lub DC.

Kuj caij nyob rau hauv lub capacitance. Vim li no, nws yog paub qab hau los muab tso rau lub capacitors nrog sib txawv ntim khaws tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov suab nrov. Vim lub peev xwm ntawm lub ntaus ntawv mus rau kis ncaj qha tam sim no tsuas yog thaum them ntawm lub sij yawm ntawm nws siv li ib tug keeb nyob rau hauv ib tug generator los yog raws li ib tug mem tes shaping unit.

Capacitors tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom. Mas siv faib ntawm lub dielectric hom, vim qhov no parameter txiav txim seb tus stability ntawm capacitance, rwb thaiv tsev kuj thiab thiaj li nyob. Systematization ntawm no magnitude yog raws li nram no:

1. Capacitors nrog ib tug gaseous dielectric.
2. Lub tshuab nqus tsev.
3. Nrog lub kua dielectric.
4. Nrog ib tug khoom inorganic dielectric.
5. Nrog khoom organic dielectric.
6. Khoom.
7. Electrolytic.

Muaj yog ib tug faib capacitors lo lus uas peb (qhia los yog siab), qhov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lwm yam (muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo, raug rho tawm thiab uas tsis yog-cais, ntim, thiab kaw) cov txheej txheem installation (coupler, printing, nto, nrog rau cov pin ntsia hlau, ib tug snap pin ). tus ntaus ntawv yuav kuj yuav txawv los ntawm muaj peev xwm mus hloov peev xwm:

1. Capacitors, tsau, uas yog, lub peev xwm uas yog ib txwm tsis tu ncua.
2. Trimmer. Lawv muaj lub peev xwm tsis hloov thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom, tab sis nws yuav tau tom ib zaug los yog tsis tseg.
3. Zog. Nws capacitors uas tso cai rau nyob rau hauv lub lag luam los ntawm cov khoom hloov lub peev xwm.

Inductor thiab capacitor

Conductive ntsiab ntawm lub ntaus ntawv muaj peev xwm tsim nws tus kheej inductance. Qhov no yam ntxwv xeem xws li masonry, lub txuas tsheb npav, ib tug collector terminals thiab fuses. Koj muaj peev xwm tsim ntxiv capacitor inductance los ntawm txuas npav. Circuit Court khiav hauj lwm hom nyob rau hauv lub inductance, capacitance thiab kuj. Cov mis rau xam cov inductance uas tshwm sim thaum nce lub resonant zaus, cov nram qab no:

• Ce = C: (1 - 4Π ² f ² LC),

qhov twg Ce txiav txim seb tus zoo capacitance, C qhia qhov tseeb capacitance, f - yog lub zaus, L - inductance.

Lub inductance nqi yuav tsum nco ntsoov muab suav hais tias thaum ua hauj lwm nrog lub hwj chim capacitors. Rau mem tes capacitors self-inductance nqi ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lawv paug ntog rau hauv induction voj thiab muaj ob hom - aperiodic thiab oscillatory.

Inductance nyob rau hauv lub condenser yog nyob rau tebchaw Circuit Court hais nyob rau ntawd. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus kev twb kev txuas khej thiab lub log, qhov no tus nqi yog lub sum ntawm cov inductances ntawm lub pob ntsiab busbar thiab cov lus xaus. Yuav kom nrhiav tau qhov no zoo ntawm inductance, lub mis yog raws li nram no:

• Lk = LP + LM + Lb,

qhov twg Lk qhia tau hais tias inductance ntaus ntawv, cov lp -Package, LM - lub ntsiab tsheb npav thiab Lb - lead inductance.

Yog hais tias thaum uas tig mus kev twb kev txuas ntawm lub tam sim no lub tsheb npav txawv raws nws ntev, ces qhov sib npaug inductance yog txhais li:

• Lk = Lc: n + μ0 l x d: (3b) + Lb,

qhov twg l - ntev ntawm log tsheb, b - tus dav thiab d - qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov log tsheb.

Yuav kom txo tau cov inductance ntawm lub ntaus ntawv yuav tsum nyob qhov chaw condenser positioned li hais tias lawv nrog compensated magnetic teb. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov nyob qhov chaw nrog rau cov tib tam sim no tsab ntawv tsa suab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm txhua lwm yam raws li deb li sai tau, thiab coj ua ke cov kev coj rov qab. Thaum txuas lub lolus nrog zuj zus lawm dielectric thickness yuav txo tau lub inductance seem. Qhov no yuav ua tau tiav txawm los mus faib ib nqe lus nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas mus rau ib tug me ntsis ntxiv ntiav thawv.