Nom tswv tsoom fwv - qhov xwm ntawm kev nkag siab

Ib tug central qhov chaw ntawm cov pawg ntawm political science yuav siv sij hawm lub tswvyim ntawm ib tug nom tswv tsoom fwv. Ua ntej xav tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm pawg no, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib tug tshwj tseg, tsis muaj uas qhia ntxiv lub essence ntawm cov nom tswv tsoom fwv yog flawed thiab ncav unfounded.

Qhov tseeb hais tias cov nom tswv system yog organically txuas nrog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv qeb ntawm kev nom kev tswv science, raws li ib tug nom tswv system. Raws li ib feem ntawm txhua hnub xav nyob rau hauv xov xwm thiab lwm yam kev pseudo-scientific txhais tsim stereotypical kev nkag siab ntawm cov nom tswv system raws li ib yam dab tsi uas yog kom meej meej kwv yees. Uas yog, yog hais tias peb tham txog ib yam dab tsi zoo nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv kev muaj tiag, piv txwv li, hais txog cov nom tswv system, uas yuav tsum muaj tam sim no rau tus nyeem ntawv (mloog) zoo, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov nom tswv system.

Thiab lwm yam mus kom ze thaum piav txog cov nom tswv tseeb nrog ib tug predetermined tsis zoo tus cwj pwm, siv qeb ntawm nom tswv tsoom fwv. Qhov no saib yog kiag li tsis ncaj ncees lawm, nws muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog ib tug scientific mus kom ze mus rau nom tswv tsom xam. Qhov tseeb hais tias niaj hnub political science deals nrog cov nom tswv system nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv, cov nom tswv system yog ib tug tiag tiag-lub neej kev siv ntawm ib tug mechanism ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev los yog lwm, nyob rau ib theem los yog lwm lub.

Nyob rau hauv raws li cov pa tej yam tshwm sim nom tswv systems yog dej num, thiab ib qho ntawm feem ntau classifications yog kev ywj pheej xaiv hom kev nom kev tswv system authoritative thiab totalitarian. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, cov nom tswv system yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv txawv xeev, uas yog, yuav tsum tau ntau kev ywj pheej los yog authoritarian tau cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug totalitarian hom. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib tug xeev ntawm cov nom tswv system ntawm ib tug lub xeev hauv ib lub keeb kwm lub sij hawm thiab characterizes rau hauv qeb - nom tswv tsoom fwv. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis dais tej load kev kwv yees, thiab tsuas yog captures lub xeev ntawm cov nom tswv system ntawm ib tug muab tib neeg nyob rau ib qho kev lub sij hawm. Piv txwv li, peb tau ntev nyob rau hauv lub Soviet nom tswv system, uas yog zoo unchanged thoob plaws nws keeb kwm lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, nyob ntawm seb leej twg yog nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim, thiab cov uas tsim nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv cua nyob rau hauv lub zej zog, peb cais hom "thaw" (Nikita Khrushchev, Stalin tus tsoom fwv, tsoom fwv ntawm stagnation (Leonid Brezhnev), hloov hom (Mikhail Gorbachev).

Raws li nyob rau hauv no mus kom ze, cov tsoom fwv ua raws li ib tug derivative phenomenon ntawm cov nom tswv system thiab yog to taub raws li ib tug tej yam set ntawm tej ciaj ciam ntawm kev nom kev tswv, ideological, economic thiab kev lug, kom ntseeg tau lub ce ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv ib tug muab tib neeg nyob rau ib lub sij hawm.

Thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm tus niaj hnub nom tswv txuj ci, tsim heev txaus thiab, nyob rau hauv ib co ntsuas, ib tug universal set ntawm cov txheej xwm, uas tus faib ntawm nom tswv regimes. Txawm li cas los, ib tug tseem ceeb hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub cais ntawm ib tug tsoom fwv yog to taub hais tias nws qhia tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov nom tswv system, thiab yog li ntawd kom nws tau thiab yuav tsum raug mus rau tib qee vib this hom uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub cais ntawm nom tswv systems.

Basic niaj hnub nom tswv regimes yog txwv kom muab zais rau lub hauv paus ntawm tej kev raws li ib tug kev ntsuas ntawm lub hwj chim, txoj kev nrhiav neeg ua hauj hwj chim, qhov kev sis raug zoo ntawm tsoom fwv thiab zej zog, lub zog ntawm cov kev txwv no uas muaj nyob hauv zej zog, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ideology, lub hom ntawm nom tswv coj noj coj ua, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ob tog, qhov chaw ntawm hluav lub cev nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm lub hwj chim thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov txheej xwm, feem ntau txais mus faib kev nom kev tswv regimes rau kev ywj pheej, totalitarian thiab authoritarian. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias muaj yog zoo tsis muaj nom tswv system uas muaj nyob rau hauv "dawb huv daim ntawv", piv txwv li, muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug tib hom hom. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm nom tswv kev muaj tiag hom muaj ib tug integrative cim thiab muab tej cwj pwm ntawm ntau hom.