Tus liab Phau Ntawv ntawm lub Tyumen thaj av ntawd: nroj tsuag, tsiaj, noog

Tyumen cheeb tsam yog ib feem ntawm Western Siberia. Nws tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob yog heev heev, tab sis tus muaj thiab fauna yog nplua nuj heev. Ib tug ntau yam pauv loj pab mus rau kev txuag yog ua cov liab Phau Ntawv ntawm lub Tyumen cheeb tsam.

Ib me ntsis txog lub cheeb tsam

Tyumen Thaj av yog ib feem ntawm lub Urals Federal District thiab belongs rau lub cheeb tsam ntawm Western Siberia. Ua ke nrog cov autonomous cheeb tsam nws ncav us txog ntawm lub yav qab teb ciam teb rau lwm lub teb chaws mus rau lub shores ntawm lub Arctic hiav txwv. Bordered Arkhangelsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Sverdlovsk District, Komi, Krasnoyarsk cheeb tsam thiab Kazakhstan.

Cheeb tsam yog lub loj thib peb cheeb tsam (1.4 sq. M. Km). Nws cov pejxeem yog 3.6 lab cov neeg. Cov thawj coj ntawm lub Tyumen cheeb tsam situated nyob rau hauv cov nroog loj - Tyumen, uas tau los ua tus thawj Lavxias teb sab nroog nyob rau hauv Siberia nyob rau hauv 1586.

Ua ntej ntawd, cov cheeb tsam tau inhabited los ntawm cov Mansi, Khanty, Selkup, Nenets los yog Samoyeds, thiab Turkic pab pawg neeg coj zoo thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub haiv neeg ntawm Siberian Tatars. Los ntawm cov XIV caug xyoo, lub chaw uas zoo heev yog ib feem ntawm lub Tyumen thaj av, thiab ces lub Siberian Khanate. Nyob rau hauv 1582 Ural tub txawj tub ntse los ntawm ntiav Cossacks kov yeej cov pawg neeg thaj av, smashing lub Khanate. Tam sim no tus pejxeem - Lavxias teb sab.

Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov hluav taws xob hwj chim ua lag luam, cov roj kev lag luam, lub tagnrho cov uas Qib thawj nyob rau hauv Russia. Ua forestry, cav ntoo Tshuag yog ntau tshaj ib tug billion cubic meters. Nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb, ua tsuas yog 3% ntawm av.

Xwm thiab Geography

Rau nws loj hauv lub cheeb tsam yog zaum ob tsuas yog mus rau lub Krasnoyarsk cheeb tsam thiab Yakutia. Cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv lub tundra, arctic suab puam, hav zoov tundra, taiga, hav zoov thiab mixed forests. Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm cov chaw uas zoo heev xav tau Far North.

Ntuj thiab climatic tej yam kev mob yog hnyav ntawm no. te lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv txawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cheeb tsam yog hom twg los ntawm 140 rau 200 hnub. Qhov nruab nrab Lub ib hlis ntuj kub yog hom twg los ntawm - 16 mus rau - 26 ^C. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, qhov nruab nrab kub khaws cia nyob ib ncig ntawm kwv yees li 19 degrees.

Lub teb yog feem ntau tiaj nras. Taiga forests npog npaum li cas ntawm qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb qhov chaw ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm moorland tej nroj tsuag thiab hav zoov-steppe. Qhov xwm ntawm tus Tyumen thaj av ntawd yog nplua nuj thiab ntau yam, txawm tus huab tej yam kev mob.

Lub cheeb tsam muaj ntau tshaj li 70 txhiab dej ntws thiab ntws, txog tib yam cov pas dej. Tag nrho cov ntev ntawm watercourses - txog 10 kis lus mev. Qhov loj tshaj plaws dej ntws yog cov Irtysh, Tobol, Ishish. Lawv yog cov nyob reservoirs thiab pas fais fab nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm cov qab ntsev dej pas dej nyob rau hauv lub central thiab sab qaum teb yog ib feem - hav iav thiab thermokarst.

Tus liab Phau Ntawv ntawm lub Tyumen cheeb tsam

Tag nrho cov daim ntawv teev cov endangered, endangered thiab tsis tshua muaj tej tsiaj txhu, nroj tsuag thiab fungi uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Tyumen Thaj av Administration tau kom nws cov creation rov qab nyob rau hauv 1999. Muab kho dua thiab tso reissues ntawm cov phau ntawv, lub zos cov tub ceev xwm yuav tsum kwv yees li txhua txhua kaum tsib xyoos.

Tus liab Phau Ntawv ntawm lub Tyumen cheeb tsam muaj xws li 711 hom, ntau tshaj 250 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab fungi thiab Lichens. Nws muaj rau (xws li zero) ntawm lub ntsiab pawg, nyob ntawm seb cov neeg uas muaj sia nyob. Yog li, lub thib tsib qeb (V) txhais tau hais ib hom uas nws tus xov tooj yog txo kom tsawg thiab yuav tsis tau ntxiv txiav txim los ntawm tus neeg.

By Qeb IV yog tej hom ntaub ntawv xws li cov pejxeem tsis muaj los yog heev me ntsis. Qhov thib peb qeb muaj xws li tsis tshua muaj thiab laus los yog teb hom, lub thib ob - mus txo, mus rau tus thawj - endangered. Xoom muaj cov lus qhia txog cov yuav tu noob hom muaj thiab fauna, thiab cov lus qhia txog lawv tsis yog ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib xyoo pua.

tsiaj

Tsiaj txhu Liab Phau Ntawv ntawm lub Tyumen cheeb tsam yog tsis hais nyob rau hauv ib tug daim ntawv teev, thiab muab faib mus rau hauv sub-pawg, nyob ntawm seb nws hom, chav kawm ntawv, los yog pab pawg neeg. uas muaj npe hiav txwv luav (III qeb) cov tsiaj - cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj sawv cev. Qhov zoo tshaj yuav txawj zoo nws kis, raws li zoo raws li rau lwm yam tsiaj, yog muaj kuab paug, poaching.

Tsis tshua muaj hom: European luav, zoo jerboa, Korsak, dais, reindeer. Tus nab npawb ntawm Jungar hamster thiab sab qaum teb pikas txawv heev thiab nyob rau cov huab cua tej yam kev mob - lub sij hawm ntawm qhuav, los nag, te.

Poaching thiab tsis muaj zaub mov pab, txo tus naj npawb ntawm walruses, narwhals sab qaum teb uas yog mus rau lub II qeb. Rau tib lub yog vim li cas, lub bowhead whale, nyob rau hauv lub Kara hiav txwv, yog ib tug cov hom endangered. Lub disappearance ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lub European mink, uas nquag displaces American mink.

Ntses, amphibians, arthropods

Liab Phau Ntawv sau ntawv lub Tyumen cheeb tsam 10 hom ntses thiab cyclostomes, 7 amphibians thiab amphibians, ntau tshaj 100 arthropods. Ntuj ua tau cuam tshuam los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm bullhead, ntses thiab lwm leej lwm tus cyclostomes (trout, dawb salmon, Siberian sturgeon thiab thiaj li nyob. D.) Yog tuag vim yog tib neeg kev ua ub no.

Ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles thiab amphibians yog xam tau tias yog tsawg legless nabqa tsiav Anguis fragilis, ib yam nkaus thiab, raws li zoo raws li lub qho qav. Cov yav tas yog lub npe hu hais tias muaj ib tug ntse tsis hnov tsw ntawm qej. Siberian salamander thiab Newt yog lam tau lam ua, nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm kev kho mob hom, tus nab thiab nyom Qav sai koos nyob rau hauv xov tooj.

Daim ntawv teev cov arthropods Liab Phau Ntawv yog zoo kawg thiab. Tsis tshua muaj hom yav qab teb Lavxias teb sab tarantulas - qhov loj tshaj plaws kab laug sab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv pawg no yuav tshwm sim tej dragonflies, roob cicadas, kab, ntev-horned kab, weevils, siab zoo ntawm ladybirds, uas yog kaum ob tug me ntsis. Hav round barbel yog suav tias yog endangered.

noog

Noog ntawm tus Tyumen cheeb tsam, uas teev raws li sim, numbering 117 hom. Ntawm no, 74 hom yuav tsum tau tas li xyuas nyob rau ib feem ntawm tus neeg, vim hais tias lawv tsis tshua muaj thiab lam tau lam ua. Cov no zoo ntawm petrel hu ua dag, os shelduck, Siberian thiab cov eider, Griffon lib nyug, krechanka, moorhen. Cov noog no yog teev nyob rau hauv lub appendix ntawm phau ntawv.

Nplooj ntawv lub ntsiab muab xav paub ntxiv txog txhua tus, uas muaj cov 43. Lub endangered Savka, nab dav dawb hau, cranes, Siberian Cranes. Ntawm cov tsawg tsawg thiab koos nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm hom tshwm sim plas Dalmatian noog muab tus ntses, flamingo, ntau dua dawb vog dav dawb hau, Bewick tus os dej dawb, osprey.

Tus qauv rau pejxeem rov qab cai nyob rau hauv hais tsis tau lus os dej dawb thiab cormorant. Tu noob hom pom tau hais tias bustard, lesser kestrel, pob zeb curlew thiab tus me bustard.

nroj tsuag

Ntau tshaj ob puas tus tsiaj ntawm muaj fixes Liab Phau Ntawv ntawm lub Tyumen cheeb tsam. Nroj tsuag yog muab faib ua angiosperms, ferns, bryophytes thiab plaunoobraznye. Cov angiosperms tsawg tsawg thiab koos nyob rau hauv xov tooj no yog ib co hom dos (drooping, zoo meshed), sedges (xoob, mountainous, nqaum), Rhynchospora alba. Lavxias teb sab disappears iris, hav iav calamus.

Ntawm cov ferns ploj thiab hmuv zoo li tus lanceolate moonwort mnogoryadnik. Qhov seem hom tsis tshua muaj los sis muaj kev koom txo nyob rau hauv xov tooj. Piv txwv li, Alpine Zoov, thiab ib co colutea Dryopteris. Cov Moss thiab ntxhuab, yuav tsum saib xyuas yog Baranez, likopodiella, enkalipta, Meese.

Lub limiting rau ntau yam nroj tsuag yog tsuas. Blasting hauj lwm nyob rau hauv mines ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lawv cov vaj tsev uas ntuj. Suffers, piv txwv li, curly skrytokuchnitsa, Kosten ntsuab, nyob rau limestone slopes.

Yog ho nphav kiag thiab Lichens

Tag nrho cov ntawm fungi thiab Lichens nyob rau hauv phau ntawv - hais txog peb caug. Los ntawm siav fungi yuav hu ua dawb Boletus txoj kab uas hla tej zaum nce mus txog nws cap 25 centimeters. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv nraim qhov chaw ntawm ntoo thuv thiab Aspen forests. Coj txawv txawv-nrhiav mutinus caninus yog siav xwb thaum nws yog nyob rau hauv lub plhaub qe.

Xam tias yog tsawg lacquered thiab grey-daj Polypore, muaj onniya, datroniya, abortipus Biennial, hericium coralloides. Ib tug tsawg ntshav cortinarius kuj xam tau tias yog siav. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Tyumen cheeb tsam, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Primorsky thiab Krasnoyarsk Territories.

Ntawm cov uas tsis tshua muaj Lichens yog asahineya Scholander, omfalina Hudson, uas teev tseg nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv Russia. Qhov ua rau ntawm lawv cov extinction yog ua lub economic thiab neeg mus ncig tebchaws ua si ntawm tus neeg. Rau vanishing ntsws Lobar limiting yog cov huab cua muaj kuab paug.

Kev pab tiv thaiv aav

Reserves thiab reserves ntawm lub Tyumen cheeb tsam tsim kev tiv thaiv ntawm tsob nroj thiab tsiaj kuj, thiab khaws cia zoo tej hauj lwm. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ua si reserves nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yog Kunyaksky, Vikulov thiab Tyumen.

Tag nrho cov cia nyob rau hauv ob tsoom fwv teb chaws thiab 95 regional tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv Ugra thiab Yamal cheeb tsam muaj plaub qhov chaw tiv thaiv - lub Upper Taz, Yugansky, "Malaya Sosva" Xwm Reserve thiab Gyda.

Upper Taz Reserve yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm lub toj mus rau 50 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Nyob rau nws lub teb chaws heev heev hav dej thiab ravines uas los ua ib tug zoo tagnrho chaw rau lub neej ntawm tsawg tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Nws yog lub tsev mus rau tus tsis tshua muaj Siberian salamander, nabqa tsiav, viper, wolverine, mos lwj, loj hlob ntoo ntshaub coj, spruce, larch.