Yuav ua li cas distinguishes txhua theem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm nyob teeb meem

Universal ntsiab cai "los ntawm tej yam yooj yim rau txoj" yog siv tau rau tag nrho cov paub ntau ntau cov koom haum ntawm teeb meem thiab zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntawm nws theem nyob rau ib theem ntawm lub koom haum. Niaj hnub nimno txog biology tseem ceeb ob peb loj theem ntawm lub koom haum uas muaj sia nyob: nws yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nyob quavntsej molecular and cellular theem, raws li zoo raws li tus yam ntxwv yog yam nyuab dua txheej txheem - cov ntaub so ntswg, hloov, kab mob thiab cov pejxeem, biogeotsenozny thiab Biosphere. Txhua nyob kab mob yog ib tug mobile system uas yog qhib rau kev sis raug zoo nrog cov ib puag ncig. Cov yooj yim "lub tsev ntaub ntawv" nyob cell yog cov nqaijrog, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids.

Theem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm multicellular kab mob

Molecular theem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm nyob teeb meem yog feem ntau yooj yim thiab cov kev ua txhua uas muaj sia nyob, los ntawm cov kab mob thiab protozoa. Nws tshwm sim tshuaj, nqa lub neej phem tshaj zog, thiab siv siv nyob rau hauv lub nucleic acids raws roj ntsha kev pab cuam. Tom ntej no - ib tug cellular theem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm nyob teeb meem - muaj me ntsis txawv zog. Qhov ntawd cell yog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus unit ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov nyob qhov teeb meem, nws muab siv zog xws li txoj kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob, tu tub tu kiv. Lub hlwb tshwm sim metabolic dab.

Theem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm multicellular kab mob

Lwm yam nyob rau hauv cov qauv thiab kev khiav dej num ntawm lub hlwb tsim plaub hom ntaub so ntswg: connective, epithelial, paj, nqaij. Ob peb hom ntaub so ntswg, ib tug los yog ob tug uas ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm, tsim ib lub cev - raug rho tawm ib feem ntawm lub cev muaj ib tug predetermined qhov chaw thiab ua ib qho ntawm kev khiav dej num. hloov khoom nruab nrog system ua ke, tsim ib tug tshiab theem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm nyob teeb meem - organismal; nws yog xam qhovkev, mas multicellular beings. Txhua kab mob yog ib tug ruaj khov system, kuj siv yooj yim los ntawm cov ib puag ncig thiab muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau nws ib puag ncig. Vim lub fact tias muaj sia nyob teej tug mus rau tib lub hom, muaj zoo sib xws qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi, lawv yuav tau mus sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv cov pejxeem, occupying tej qhov chaw, uas yog yus los ntawm tej yam climatic nta.

Yog tus nyuaj chav tsev ntawm lub evolutionary txheej txheem, cov pejxeem muab rau cov kev pauv ntawm caj ces, cov zaj uas lub roj ntsha dab thiab variability. Biocenoses sawv cev koom haum ua teb ntawm coob muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm hom, los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ca. vironment coj rau qib tom ntej ntawm lub koom haum ntawm nyob teeb meem. Nws biogeocoenosis muab ncig ntawm tshuaj uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm, raws li zoo raws li lub siab tshaj plaws kev sis raug zoo ntawm animate thiab tswg xwm.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws uas twb muaj lawm theem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm nyob teeb meem - Biosphere - combines biogeocoenoses. Nws muaj ib tug uniform zog flux, thiab combines tag nrho cov saum toj no ntau ua ke. Nws yog rau theem no ntawm lub koom haum ntawm nyob teeb meem muaj lub widest ntau yam ntawm kev khiav dej num, uas muaj xws li cov txij nkawm ntawm lub constancy ntawm cov sab nraud thiab sab hauv lug ntawm qhov, structuring thiab systematization ntawm nws yooj yim hais.