Yuav ua li cas yog ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, yeej thiab tiam sis nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv thiab paj huam?

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov khoom uas yog zoo tib yam rau lub formal kev nthuav qhia thiab style. Txawm thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm Aristotle tau muab faib mus rau hauv lwm yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, cov pov thawj ntawm no - "Poetics" ntawm lub Greek philosopher, txawj treatise rau evolution, sau peb puas xyoo ua ntej Tswv Yexus.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv?

Literature hnub rov qab mus rau biblical lub sij hawm, cov neeg nyeem thiab sau ntawv lub sij hawm. Birch tawv, muaj tsawg kawg yog ib co text - nws yog cov ntaub ntawv, vim hais tias kev sau ntawv muaj kev xav ntawm ib tug txiv neej tso nws lub siab nyiam thiab ntshaw. Memoranda, thov, kev cai dab qhuas ntawv tau sau nyob rau hauv lub teeb, thiab li no los cov thawj txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem - tawv. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sau ntawv chronicles ib hom ntawv nyeem xwb. Feem ntau cov feem ntau sau ib daim ntawv twb ris ib co txawj tej yam tshwm sim, graceful lem ntawm kev hais lus, paj lug allegories.

Cov tom ntej no ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ua epic, epic tales ntawm heroes thiab lwm yam cim ntawm cov keeb kwm kev kawm. Cais txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem yuav suav hais tias kev cai dab qhuas cov ntaub ntawv, ib tug piav qhia ntawm biblical cov txheej xwm, lub neej ntawm lub siab txiv plig.

Lub advent ntawm luam nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th cim pib ntawm lub ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 17th tsim phau ntawv tiam sis, yeej thiab lwm yam.

Literature 18th xyoo pua

Nyob rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lwm yam nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua, koj muaj peev xwm teb unequivocally, hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm yog muab faib mus rau hauv peb lub ntsiab qhov chaw: ua yeeb yam, narrative thiab poetic verses. Txaus ntshai tej hauj lwm feem ntau coj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qee, thaum zaj dab neeg cim tau tuag lawm, thiab tus tawm tsam ntawm kev zoo thiab kev phem los ua ntau cov. Alas, cov zajlus ua lag luam tej yam kev mob hais kuv sau lawv cov lus twb. Ib hom ntawv nyeem twj ywm kheej, dhau lawm, pom nws txawj nyeem ntawv. Novels, novellas thiab dab neeg luv luv raug xam tias yog "nruab nrab", thaum xwm txheej, cov kwv huam thiab Odes xa mus rau raws li "high" ib hom ntawv nyeem ntaub ntawv thiab satirical fables thiab comedies - mus "tsis tshua muaj".

Nqe vaj lug kub - ib tug txheej thaum ub daim ntawv ntawm cov paj huam, uas yog nyob rau hauv Vogue ntawm cov khoom, kev sib raug zoo cov txheej xwm thiab lwm yam kev ua ub no ntawm ntau dua capital nobility. Cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm nqe tau tej yam tshwm sim ntawm syllogistic nqe twb muab faib ua zoo feem. Neeg kho tshuab style, cov ntseeg tseeb paj huam, Kuv tau ntev dictated zam.

ntaub ntawv muaj hnub nyoog 19-20

Literature ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 thiab thawj ib nrab ntawm lub 20th nyob rau hauv ob peb txawv lwm yam, feem ntau nrov nyob rau hauv lub Golden muaj hnub nyoog ntawm Pushkin thiab Gogol, thiab ces - nyob rau hauv lub nyiaj hnub nyoog ntawm Alexander BLOK thiab Sergeya Esenina. Drama, epic thiab lyric paj huam - tias yog dab tsi lwm yam nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm yav dhau los thiab lub xyoo ua ntej lub xeem caug xyoo.

Lyrics twb ua txhua yam rau yuav lub siab lub ntsws, yuav tsum tau muaj txiaj ntsim thiab tseem ceeb. Nws pawg twb Ode thiab Elegy, thiab Ode - nrog zoo siab surprise, chanting thiab tsa rau cov nyob qib ntawm heroes.

Lyrical Elegy raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm nqe tu siab laus muaj kev tu siab, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tus hero yaam puab paub, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi yog qhov ua rau - tus kheej tshwm sim los yog disharmony ntawm lub ntug.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv niaj hnub ntaub ntawv?

Lwm yam nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntaub ntawv ntau ntau, ntawm lawv yog cov feem ntau nrov, kom ib tug dav pawg:

• Cov xwm txheej no - ib hom ntawm kev sau ntawv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm ua yeeb yam, nyob rau hauv cov huab kev nyuaj siab, nrog ib tug yuav tsum tuag ntawm heroes.
• Comedy - lwm ntau yam ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem ua yeeb yam, yam txawv lub qee nrog ib tug zoo siab zaj dab neeg thiab ib tug zoo siab xaus.
• Ib hom ntawv nyeem taleas - ib tug txawj zog rau cov me nyuam, lawv cov tswv yim txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm ntau zajlus masterpieces.
• Epic - cov zajlus ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub keeb kwm kev txiav txim zoo, qhia txog tus neeg tej xwm txheej ntawm yav dhau los lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv heroic style, nws ntseg ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov cim.
• Ib hom ntawv nyeem dab neeg - ib tug loj heev narrative, uas muaj ntau zajlus kab, txog lub neej ntawm txhua tus ua cim ib lub zuj zus thiab collectively, ib tug propensity rau lub tsom xam ntawm cov txheej xwm.
• Zaj dabneeg - ib hom ntawv nyeem nruab nrab zoo, sau ntawv los ntawm tib lub tswvyim nrog rau cov tshiab, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau cos ntsiab lus teb. ib tug raws li lub ntsiab cim, thiab tus so tau muab piav qhia nyob rau hauv lub "linking" rau nws feem ntau sawv tawm nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg.
• Cov zaj dab neeg - ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm me me ntaub ntawv ntawm cov narrative, ib txoj kev ntawm cov txheej xwm. nws zajlus yuav tsis tau mus ntxiv, yog tus quintessence ntawm tus sau, nws yog ib txwm tiav lawm daim ntawv no.
• Dab neeg - ib hom ntawv nyeem zoo ib yam li zaj dab neeg, qhov txawv tsuas nyob rau hauv lub sharpness ntawm lub cuab ntxhiab. Novella txawv npaj txhij txog, unpredictable xaus. Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem yog zoo thrillers.
• Ib hom ntawv nyeem sau ntawv - tib zaj dab neeg, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub caij ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm uas tsis yog-tseeb. Cov tsab ntawv tsis yog flowery hais lus ceev, high-sounding cov nqe lus thiab pathos.
• Satire raws li ib tug txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem yog tsis tshua muaj tshwm, nws tsis yog accusatory orientation txhawb rau tej chaw, txawm hais tias satirical ua si nyob rau hauv theatrical kev kawm zoo txais.
• Detective ib hom ntawv nyeem - lub feem ntau sought-tom qab txawj sib ntawm lub sij hawm tas los. Tsheej lab ntawm cov tawv nyias cov phau ntawv ntawm nrov sau phau ntawv xws li Alexander Marinina, Daria Dontsova, Polina Dashkova thiab dozens ntawm lwm tus neeg, los ua reference rau ntau Lavxias teb sab kev txawj nyeem ntawv.

xaus

Lwm yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog muaj ntau haiv neeg, txhua txhia tus muaj lub peev xwm rau ntxiv tswv yim txoj kev loj hlob, uas yog ua txhua yam yuav tsum tau siv los ntawm niaj hnub sau ntawv thiab paj huam.