Yuav ua li cas nws behaves electrically them particle nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob thiab sib nqus teb?

Electrically them particle - ib tug particle, uas muaj ib tug zoo los yog tsis zoo xwb. Qhov no yuav tsum yog atoms, molecules los yog elementary hais. Thaum lub particle yog electrically them nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob field, Coulomb quab yuam ua rau nws. Tus nqi ntawm no quab yuam, yog tias koj paub lub teb siv hauv ib lub point, yog xam los ntawm cov nram qab no mis: F = qE.

Yog li, peb txiav txim hais tias tus electrically them particle, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob field, tsiv nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub Coulomb quab yuam.

Tam sim no xav txog lub Hall nyhuv. Experimentally, nws twb pom hais tias cov magnetic teb muaj feem xyuam rau cov lus tsa suab ntawm them hais. Sib Nqus induction yog lub siab tshaj plaws dag zog yuam uas ua rau cov kev ceev ntawm xws li ib tug particle los ntawm lub magnetic teb. A them particle mus nrog tshaj tawm. Yog hais tias lub electrically them hais yuav ya nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb ntawm ib tug predetermined ceev, lub dag zog yuam uas ua nyob rau ib feem ntawm lub teb yog perpendicular mus rau lub tshaj tawm los ntawm lub particle thiab sib nqus induction vector feem: F = q [v, B]. Txij li thaum lub dag zog yuam uas ua rau ntawm tus particle tsab ntawv tsa suab yog perpendicular mus rau tus tshaj tawm, thiab tus acceleration, raws li muab los ntawm no quab yuam lawv mus rau cov lus tsa suab, lub acceleration yog dab tsi. Raws li, qhov ncaj txoj kev ntawm lub zog yog bent nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ib tug them particle nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb. Yog hais tias lub particle nkag mus rau thaum uas tig mus rau cov kab ntawm magnetic induction, cov magnetic teb tsis ua rau tus them particle. Yog hais tias nws nkag mus rau lawv mus rau cov kab ntawm magnetic induction, tus quab yuam sawv rau ntawm tus particle yog ib tug tshaj plaws.

Tam sim no peb sau II Newton txoj kev cai: qvB = mv ² / R, los yog R = mv / qB, qhov twg m - yog qhov loj ntawm ib tug them particle, thiab R - lub voos kheej-kheej ntawm cov trajectory. Los ntawm no kab zauv nws hais ntxiv hais tias lub particle tsiv nyob rau hauv lub homogeneous teb ntawm ib lub voj voog ntawm lub vojvoog. Yog li, lub sij hawm ntawm kev ntawm ib tug them particle yog ywj siab ntawm lub circumferential ceev ntawm lub zog. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias electrically them hais daig nyob rau hauv lub magnetic teb, lub kinetic zog yog unchanged. Vim hais tias tus quab yuam yog perpendicular mus rau lub suab ntawm hais nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov trajectory cov ntsiab lus, lub dag lub zog ntawm lub magnetic teb uas ua rau ntawm tus particle tsis ua kev ua hauj lwm uas txuam nrog mus rau them particle.

Cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus quab yuam sib sib zog tsa rau cov lus tsa suab ntawm ib tug them particle nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb yuav txiav txim los ntawm lub "kev cai ntawm sab laug tes." Rau qhov no nws yog tsim nyog los position rau sab laug tes li hais tias plaub ntiv tes taw kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshaj tawm los ntawm ib tug them particle, zoo thiab sib nqus induction kab yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub Palm chaw, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no bent ntawm 90 degrees ntiv tes xoo yuav qhia cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov dag zog yuam uas ua rau lub zoo them particle. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas, yog hais tias tus particle muaj ib tug tsis zoo xwb, tus quab yuam cov kev taw qhia yuav muaj cov lus rov.

Yog hais tias lub electrically them hais uas poob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm ob leeg kev txiav txim ntawm magnetic thiab hluav taws xob teb, nws yog ib tug dag zog yuam, hu ua lub Lorentz quab yuam: F = qE + q [v, B]. Cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no hais txog ib tug hluav taws xob tivthaiv, thiab lub thib ob - mus rau lub sib nqus teb.