Yuav ua li cas muab Stalin nqi zog? Stalin nqi zog khiav

Soviet cov pej xeem, leej twg tau koj txoj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv tej tshav pob ntawm kev ua si, txhawb los ntawm lub teb chaws lub ntsiab nqi zog. Stalin nqi zog cia siab rau cov neeg uas radically zoo lawm txoj kev, raws li zoo raws li lub creators ntawm scientific theories, technologies, koj cov piv txwv ntawm cov kos duab (ntaub ntawv, ua yeeb yam, xinesmas, painting, duab puab, architecture).

Iosif Stalin

Muaj yog ib tug nqi zog muaj npe tom qab tus thawj coj rau kaum peb xyoos - los ntawm 1940 mus txog rau thaum 1953, thiab yog tsim los pab ib tug me ntsis ua ntej lawm - nyob rau hauv Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1939. Stalin nqi zog tsis muaj ib lub xeev cov nyiaj, laureates pab los ntawm I. V. Stalina los ntawm nws tus kheej cov nyiaj hli, uas yog raws li tus txheej xwm loj loj - nws ob txoj haujlwm them kaum txhiab rubles ib lub hlis.

Foundation nqi zog thiab nyob nqi rau cov ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv ntawm tus thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub USSR thiab txawv teb chaws, uas tseem muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov thiab kev them nyiaj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb theej loj loj (Alexey Tolstoy txawm tau los ua tus thawj Soviet millionaire). Stalin nqi zog coj deb ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj, yuav luag tag nrho cov. Uas yog vim li cas tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm nws cov nyiaj khaws tseg hauv phau ntawv tseem paltry sum - cuaj puas rubles, thaum lub sij hawm nruab nrab cov nyiaj hli ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm feem ntau ntau tshaj xya puas.

zaj dabneeg

Nyob rau hauv 1939, nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis, nws twb officially lom sixtieth hnub tseem ceeb ntawm tus thawj coj, thiab nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim muaj ib tug nqi zog nyob rau hauv nws lub npe. Nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1940, twb CPC txiav txim siab los tsim kom muaj ib puas txhiab rubles nqi zog (1 degree), tsib caug txhiab (2nd degree), thiab nees nkaum-tsib txhiab rubles (Qib 3) rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws txawj tej hauj lwm (prose, paj huam, ua yeeb yam, tej kev sau ntawv thuam) raws li zoo raws li cov kev kho nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov kos duab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib xyoo ib zaug nqi zog tias cov nuj nqis uas tau ua ib tug tshwj xeeb pab rau science, kab lis kev cai, technology thiab lub koom haum ntawm ntau lawm.

Nyob rau hauv 1941 Stalin nqi zog tau muab rau cov winners ntawm tus thawj heev. Cov ntaub ntawv rau tus xov tooj muab cov Stalin nqi zog los ua ib tug SV Ilyushin, tus naas ej aircraft, xya lub sij hawm cim los ntawm tshwj xeeb xim uas tus thawj coj. Rau lub sij hawm tau txais qhov puav pheej filmmakers Yu. A. Rayzman thiab I. A. Pyrev txawj sau ntawv K. Simonov, aircraft designer A. S. Yakovlev, lub composer S. S. Prokofev thiab lwm tus neeg. Actress Marina Ladynina thiab Alla Tarasova ua tsib-lub sij hawm khiav ntawm lub Stalin nqi zog.

lub tsev kawm ntawv

Stalin nqi zog ntawm lub USSR (Ameslikas hu ua lub Stalin nqi zog) yog tsim los pab los ntawm ob tug kev cai. Thib nees nkaum Hlis ntuj nqeg 1939 Neeg 's Commissars decreed: kaum ib xyoos ib zaug khoom plig ntawm lub Stalin (100 txhiab) puav pheej ntawm Science thiab Art rau koj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm: kev, lub cev thiab xaam, lom neeg, tshuaj, kev kho mob, ua liaj ua teb, kev noj kev haus, philosophical, kev cai lij choj thiab keeb kwm thiab philological Sciences, painting, suab paj nruag, sculpture, ua yeeb yam, kos duab, architecture, xinesmas.

Tau tsim raws li kaum prizes ntawm cov thawj degree, nees nkaum - thib ob thiab peb caug - peb degree rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsim, ntxiv rau peb ntawm cov thawj degree puav pheej, tsib - thiab kaum thib ob - peb degree rau koj tau nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov tub rog paub. Ib tug cais txiav txim cov neeg sau ntawv, uas yog muab txhua xyoo los ntawm lub Stalin nqi zog, tau ua nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1940, thiab nws tau qhia hais tias cov plaub thawj nqi zog winners ntawm cov ntsaib nyob rau hauv txhua txhua daim ntawv ntawm kev sau ntawv ua si: prose, paj huam, kev sau ntawv thuam, ua yeeb yam.

kev hloov

Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov Stalin nqis nyob rau hauv rubles thiab tus naj npawb ntawm laureates tau hloov ntau lub sij hawm, thiab tsis txhob txo, rau lwm cov tes - es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug khiav ntawm lub thawj degree, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1940 nws tau los ua peb nyob rau hauv txhua qeb. Nyob rau hauv 1942 nqi zog (thawj degree) ntau zog rau ob puas txhiab rubles. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug tshiab nyob rau hauv 1949 - International "Rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev thaj yeeb nrog haiv neeg". Muab hwm ncaj qha CPC, nyob rau hauv uas lub ob ad hoc pawg tau tsim: ib ua hauj lwm rau awarding prizes nyob rau hauv science, cov tub rog kev txawj ntse thiab inventions, thiab lub thib ob koom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kos duab.

Thawj cai xwb tshiab tej hauj lwm uas tau raug ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib tug muab xyoo. Cov neeg thov yuav tiav lawv ua hauj lwm tsis pub dhau lub sij hawm tom qab rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj, poob nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tus nram qab no xyoo. Ces cov nqe lus tau raug kho, thiab lub winners yuav yog cov neeg uas tau khwv tau qhov puav pheej rau kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub xeem rau los sis xya xyoo. Yog li, lub nqi zog muab Stalin lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv dej siab tej yam kev mob. Muaj ntau evidences qhia tias Stalin ua si ib tug ncaj qha lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm prizes nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub npe (thiab lawv tus kheej nyiaj txiag), tej zaum qhov kev txiav txim tau ua yuav luag ib leeg-handedly.

tshem tawm

Tom qab Stalin tus tuag, tus yuav yog tsis pom, yog li cov ntawv them nqi yuav siv tsis tau los txhawb lub winners. Tom qab xyoo 1954 Stalin nqi zog mus nyob qhovtwg li. Tom qab ntawd tuaj lub infamous phiaj los nqis tes yuav tshem tau kabmob lub cult ntawm tus thawj coj.

Nyob rau hauv 1956, lub Lenin nqi zog yog tsim los pab, uas hloov raws li qhov Stalin. Stalin nqi zog khiav tom qab 1966 hloov cov diplomas thiab saib xyuas kas. Txawm lub npe tau hloov thoob plaws hauv methodically, encyclopedias thiab siv cov phau ntawv Stalin lub npe hu ua lub USSR State nqi zog. Ntaub ntawv hais txog cov winners tau mystified thiab dosed.

sib cais ntawm powers

Muaj yog ib tug tshwj xeeb daws teeb meem ntawm lub CPC rau lub equitable faib rau nqi zog ntawm ob peb koom nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm rau cov uas nws tau txais. Yog hais tias muab ib tug nqi zog ob tug tib neeg (co-sau phau ntawv), lub sum tau faib sib npaug. Nyob rau peb faib yog sib txawv: lub taub hau twb tau ib nrab thiab ob performers - tshaj ib tug peb lub hlis twg ntawm tag nrho cov. Yog hais tias cov neeg tau ua muaj ntau yam, tus neeg saib xyuas tau txais ib feem peb, thiab tus so Attendance muab faib nyob rau hauv pab neeg no.

Tus thawj khiav ntawm lub Stalin nqi zog nyob rau hauv Physics - P. L. Kapitsa, lej - A. N. Kolmogorov, txog biology - T. D. Lysenko, nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj - A. A. Bogomolets, VP Filatov, NN Burdenko rau geology - V. A. Obruchev, nws sau tseg rau cov invention, paub gunsmith V. A. Degtyarov, nyob rau aviakonstruirovaniyu - SA Lavochkin, rau painting - AM Gerasimov, duab puab - V. I. Muhina.

Cov designer ntawm lub xov chaw nres tsheb "Kiev" thiab "Komsomolskaya" kws kes duab vajtse D. Chechulin twb tseem muab tsub lub Stalin nqi zog. IB Tolstoy tau txais nws rau hauv phau ntawv "Peter tus", M. A. Sholohov - rau tus tshiab "Thiab nyob ntsiag to ntws lub Don", raws li cov playwright NF Pogodin muaj cai tom qab ntau lawm ntawm cov kev ua si "Tus txiv neej nrog cov phom."

Raws li sib tham tej hauj lwm

Kev ua hauj lwm warehouse sib tham yav tas los nrog rau cov kev koom tes ntawm cov tshwj xeeb zaum, cov kws muaj txuj nyiaj practitioners thiab txawm tag nrho kev-kev tshawb fawb institutes. Ces tus kwv yees, ib tug xav paub ntau tshaj thiab kev mus rau lub imposition ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb kab lus rau neeg lub Commissars ntawm lub USSR.

Yog hais tias tsim nyog, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev tshawb fawb institutes thiab zaum cov koom haum tau mus kawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub Committee. Kev txiav txim siab tau ua los ntawm xaiv daim card balloting.

ntawv uas qhia tias ntawm yawm

Txhua laureate tom qab tau txais qhov puav pheej muaj qhov kev tsim nyog qib thiab saib xyuas kos npe rau Stalin nqi zog, uas yuav tsum tau muab hnav nyob rau sab xis tom ntej no mus rau lub Order. Nws raug ua los ntawm nyiaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug convex oval nrog dawb txha hniav laus thiab bordered hauv qab laurel ntawm kub. Txha hniav laus xwm xibfwb - golden rays, tiv thaiv uas lub sab saum toj ci ntsa iab hnub qub liab txha hniav laus nrog ib tug kub ntug. Lub inscription nyob rau hauv kub ntawv nyeem: "Stalin nqi zog khiav".

Lub sab saum toj ntawm lub oval framed corrugated ribbon ntawm xiav txha hniav laus nrog gilt npoo, nyob rau hauv uas tau sau ntawv "USSR". Nyiaj thiab kub-plated phaj, uas los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm lub nplhaib thiab tuaj koom lub mus saib xyuas kos npe rau, twb tseem inscribed rau nws tau xaiv los ntawm Arabic numerals xyoo Award. Ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv xovxwm txog cov winners ntawm lub xyoo no, yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 21 - lub hnub yug ntawm I. V. Stalina.

tsov rog

Nyob rau hauv lub phem heev xyoo ua tsov ua rog, qhov no siab puav pheej yog tseem nyob rau hauv txawv lawv tus kheej raws li intellectuals ua hauj lwm raws li yeej tsis ua ntej - nyob rau hauv ib tug haib tawg ntawm patriotic thiab nyiaj teg num. Soviet zaum, innovators, inventors twb paub hais tias nws yog tam sim no lawv ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj li thaum lub sij hawm kaj siab lug. Txawm nyob rau hauv 1941 nws coj loj tau ntawm cov intelligentsia nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev lub neej.

Kev lag luam yog reconstructed rau ib tug tsov rog footing, nthuav raw khoom pab, lub peev xwm ntau zog. Stalin nqi zog ntawm cov thawj degree tau muab tsub rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm kev kawm ntawv coj los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub USSR V. L. Komarova, uas researched thiab tsim txoj kev uas muaj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Urals - cov dub metallurgy, lub zog, siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab txhua tsav txhua yam. Cov tau tau ib tug lossis loj expansion ntawm zus tau tej cov tag nrho cov hom ntawm industries.

Muaj ntau ua ND Zelinsky rau defensive Science News for KIDS. Nws twb tseem sam xeeb nrog tus nqi zog no. Xibfwb MV Keldysh thiab tus neeg sib tw ntawm Kev Sciences E. Grossman ua hauj lwm rau Soviet aircraft tsim: tsim cov kev tshawb xav ntawm elastic deeg thiab tuaj mus nrog ib txoj kev suav ntawm aircraft Flutter, rau cov uas lawv twb muab tsub lub Stalin nqi zog ntawm 2nd degree.

Dmitri Shostakovich

Koj nyob lub tswv yim hwj chim ntawm tus composer ua ntej qhov kev khiav tawm sau nws nto moo "Seventh Symphony" nyob rau hauv lub besieged Leningrad. Qhov no ua hauj lwm tam sim ntawd los ua ib tug tso nyiaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov suab paj nruag. Conquering tib neeg, zoo siab hlo mus tua rau tus tuag nrog cov dub rog, khov kho tseeb, sounding nyob rau hauv txhua txhua daim ntawv, tau thoob ntiaj teb paub ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho cov. Nyob rau hauv 1942, qhov no ua hauj lwm twb cim lub Stalin nqi zog ntawm cov thawj degree.

Dmitri Shostakovich - txawm peb lub sij hawm khiav ntawm lub Stalin nqis nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau tus thawj: rau cov poj Trio 1946 - nqi zog ntawm cov thawj degree, thiab ces - lub npe ntawm neeg lub Artist ntawm lub RSFSR, nyob rau hauv 1950, twb muab tsub lub Stalin nqi zog ntawm lub thib ob degree ntawm nws oratorio "Song ntawm lub Forests" nyob rau verses Dolmatovski thiab music rau cov zaj duab xis "lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Berlin". Nyob rau hauv 1952 nws tau txais lwm Stalin nqi zog ntawm lub thib ob degree rau lub suite rau hu nkauj ua ke.

Faina Ranevskaya

Rau ntau xyoo ua hauj lwm cov nyiam ntawm cov pej xeem, tsis tau ua si nyob rau hauv ib tug yeeb yam los yog ib tug starring lub luag hauj lwm. Qhov no yog ib tug tsis tshua txawj actress. Stalin nqi zog nws tau txais tej peb lub sij hawm: ob zaug lub thib ob degree thiab ib lub sij hawm - lub thib peb.

Nyob rau hauv 1949 - rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus poj niam Losev nyob rau hauv "Act ntawm yawm" Stein (Moscow Drama Theatre), nyob rau hauv 1951 - rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Agrippina nyob rau hauv 'Rhuav Kaj ntug tshaj Moscow "Suvorov (lub ua yeeb yam ntawm tib yam), nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo - rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Frau Wurst "lawv muaj ib tug teb" nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, tej luag hauj lwm ua los ntawm Faina, yuav raug muab tsub no yawm txij thaum lub classics ntawm Soviet xinesmas rau qhov cov tsim thiab no actress, khiav ntawm lub Stalin nqi zog. Nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm nws tau zoo, thiab tam sim no tej zaum tsis muaj ib tug uas tsis paub nws lub npe.