Vladikavkaz: neeg, yees duab. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog ntawm Vladikavkaz

Ib tug ntawm cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws lub zos nyob rau hauv lub North Caucasus yog Vladikavkaz. Cov pejxeem ntawm no yog zoo siab txais tos thiab tus phooj ywg. Qhov no lub nroog occupies ib tug ncaj loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ntawm txawv religions thiab natsionalnosey. Cia peb kawm ntxiv yooj yim demographic ntsuas uas tuab cov pej xeem ntawm Vladikavkaz.

thaj txoj hauj lwm

Wb cia li nrhiav tawm lub thaj txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub zos, ua ntej koj pib kawm cov ntsuas characterizing cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog. Vladikavkaz yog nyob rau hauv lub North Caucasus ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 692 m. Nws yog situated nyob rau hauv ob lub ntug dej ntawm ib qho ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws dej ntws nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam hu ua Terek, tsis deb ntawm nws qhov chaw. 30 km ntawm lub nroog yog nyob Daryal Noj tsau hwv lawm.

Lub nroog yog nyob rau hauv ib tug kub tsis txias climatic tsam nrog ib tug kub tsis txias continental kev nyab xeeb hom. Qhov nruab nrab kub nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj yog lub warmest lub hlis no yog 20.7 degrees Celsius. Lub meej tshaj plaws - 39,2 degrees. Qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm lub coldest lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo - Lub ob hlis ntuj - yog 5.6 degrees hauv qab no zero, nrog ib tug meej yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 27.8 degrees. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz - 9.2 degrees saum toj no zero.

Rau lub xyoo nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm North Ossetia, ntog nyob rau nruab nrab 933 hli ntawm los nag.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov cheeb tsam yog yus muaj los ntawm kuj me me winters thiab ntev, tab sis qhuav lub caij ntuj sov.

Thaum lub caij, lub nroog yog tus thawj tswj qhov chaw ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Alania (North Ossetia), thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.

Keeb kwm Vladikavkaz

Yuav kom to taub zoo dua li cas rau shape cov niaj hnub nyob ntawm Vladikavkaz, peb yuav tsum mus ib me ntsis ntxiv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm.

Puas tau txij thaum pib ntawm peb era, lub cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg tam sim no Vladikavkaz, inhabited los ntawm nomadic pawg neeg ntawm cov Alans, uas yog hais txog mus rau lub Scythian-Sarmatian haiv neeg pab pawg neeg. Cov no yog cov ncaj pog koob yawg koob niaj hnub Ossetians. Pressed los ntawm lwm haiv neeg, feem ntau notably lub Mongols, lawv tsiv farther rau hauv toj siab, los ntawm lub nomadic cov neeg xa nyob rau hauv highland.

Nyob rau hauv 1774, tam sim no ib ncig ntawm North Ossetia twb annexed los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Nyob rau hauv 1784 Lavxias teb sab tub rog pw rau ntawm ib ncig ntawm Vladikavkaz fortress. Nws yuav yog ib tug haib fortified outpost thiab nyob rau hauv cov qib ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus. Lub npe ntawm no stronghold tau muab los ntawm Count Pavlom Potemkinym - ib tug nyob deb txheeb ze ntawm tus naas ej tub huabtais, thiab yog ib tug abbreviated daim ntawv uas qhia "Vlada Caucasus."

Lub nroog tau nyob rau ntawm tus nkag ntawm qhov Daryal Noj tsau hwv lawm, thiab muaj yuav tsum yog ib ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov Georgian tub rog txoj kev.

Thaum lub sij hawm, lub tsev fuabtais muaj hloov zuj zuj. Nyob rau hauv 1860, tom qab lub Crimean ua tsov ua rog, nws tau txais tus txheej xwm ntawm lub nroog, uas tau los ua tus thawj tswj centre ntawm lub Terek cheeb tsam. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, cov pej xeem ntawm Vladikavkaz tau lom zem ntau supplemented los ntawm lub zos Ossetians.

Nrog rau cov sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv 1920, nws ua central nroog ntawm Vladikavkaz Roob ASSR. Tom qab nws disbanding, nws pom tau hais tias tus thawj tswj chaw ntawm lub North-Ossetian Autonomous Thaj av thiab kuj Ingush Autonomous District, tab sis tsis yog ib feem ntawm tej yam ntawm cov chaw. Tom qab txoj kev nyob rau hauv 1934, lub Chechen-Ingush Autonomous nroog los ua ib feem ntawm lub North-Ossetian siv yooj yim Region, ua nws chaw.

Nyob rau hauv 1931, Vladikavkaz twb renamed Ordzhonikidze tom qab tus naas ej revolutionary thiab tog thawj coj Sergo Ordzhonikidze.

Nyob rau hauv 1936, lub North Ossetian AO twb reorganized rau hauv lub North Ossetian ASSR. Ordzhonikidze los ua nws chaw.

Thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tuaj txog pem ntwg Vladikavkaz txiav txim siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm cov tag nrho lub Caucasus cheeb tsam. Soviet troops twb tau mus ua tus yeeb ncuab thiab tiv thaiv lub zos.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1944 mus 1954. lub nroog hu ua Dzaudzhikau. Nws Ossetian lub npe, uas yog txhais ua Lavxias teb sab li "kev sib hais haum Deauga".

Nyob rau hauv 1981, Ordzhonikidze coj ib tug ntawm cov thawj nyob rau hauv lub USSR haiv neeg riots uas tsoo tawm vim muaj ib tug teeb meem ntawm cov Ossetians thiab cov Ingush.

Nyob rau hauv 1990 lub tam sim no lub npe twb rov qab mus rau hauv lub nroog.

Tam sim no nws yog tsim Vladikavkaz, ua lub peev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation - cov koom pheej ntawm North Ossetia - Alania.

sights

Tus nplua nuj keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog ntawm Vladikavkaz, ua rau hauv lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws ntawm lub teeb khoom teejtug uas yog kab lis kev cai thiab attractions.

Lub nroog muaj ib tug loj kev ua si chaw ua si, cov me nyuam chaw ua si, lub Palace ntawm Tho. Cog lus kho kom zoo nkauj Vladikavkaz yog Avenue ciav. cov hluas tiam ntawm leisure ua ib tug tshwj xeeb kev lom zem thiab kev kawm cov me nyuam railway, qhib nyob rau hauv 1967, uas tseem muaj txhawb rau txoj kev kawm ntawm railway specialties cov tub hluas.

Cov kev cai hub ntawm lub nroog yog Prospekt mira, yav tas los hu ua tus Alexander. Nws yog ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog tsev so "Alexander", lub vaj ntawm lub fortress Vladikavkaz, ib pab pawg neeg ntawm historic lub tsev nyob. Monuments rau Lenin, Khetagurovo kuj nyob ntawm no.

Cov lwm iconic lug Vladikavkaz yuav tsum ntsiab qhov hwjchim ci ntsa iab Memorial, tsa nyob rau hauv 2005, monuments Pliev, Bulgakov, Barbasheva, Dzhibilovu.

Muaj ntau yam zoo sights nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Ossetia, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov khoom muaj nqis yog cov neeg inhabiting Vladikavkaz. Cov duab no zoo kawg nkaus lub nroog yuav tsum pom saum toj no.

Nto moo vladikavkaztsy

City hais lub Lavxias teb sab thiab lub ntiaj teb no ib tug ntau ntawm feemxyuam neeg. Ntawm cov nto moo pej xeem thiab ib txwm ntawm tas yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg generals Issa Pliev, George Khetagurova thiab Aleksandra Karaseva, tus tsim ntawm lub GRU Haji Umar Mamsurova USSR heroes thiab Lavxias teb sab Sergey Grigoryan, Kaurbeka Toguzova, Lado Davydov, neeg 's Artist ntawm Russia Valery Gergiev.

Tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, qhov no tsis yog ib qho exhaustive daim ntawv teev cov neeg nto moo uas yug los yog tau nyob lub neej nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz.

pejxeem

Tam sim no cia tus paub cov pej xeem ntawm Vladikavkaz. Qhov ntsuas no yog siv rau lwm yam statistical suav. Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg inhabiting Vladikavkaz? Tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm lub nroog yog kwv yees li 307,5 txhiab.

Tab sis ib tug ntau los yog ib tug me ntsis? Wb sib piv cov naj npawb ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Vladikavkaz mus rau lwm cov zos loj ntawm lub North Caucasus Federal District. Nyob rau hauv Stavropol, 429,6 txhiab tus neeg nyob rau hauv Grozny - .. 287,4 txhiab neeg nyob rau hauv Nalchik - .. 239,0 txhiab tus neeg, nyob rau hauv Makhachkala - .. 587,9 txhiab tus neeg, Cherkessk - .. 123,1 thous. cov neeg. Yog li, lub peev ntawm North Ossetia, yog peb nyob rau hauv lub North Caucasus pejxeem. Vladikavkaz - ib yam ntawm cov coob nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv teb chaws tsev kawm ntawv.

Daim ntawv teev cov tag nrho lub zos ntawm Russia Vladikavkaz occupies 64th qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov pejxeem. Nws yog tsim nyog los muab khi tias nyob rau hauv lub zos no yog ib lub tsev rau yuav luag ib nrab cov pej xeem ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm North Ossetia.

pejxeem puab

Tam sim no cia tus nrhiav seb yog dab tsi nyob rau hauv yav dhau los sij hawm muaj Vladikavkaz pejxeem. Tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv sij hawm sib txawv ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm lub nroog tau hloov nyob rau hauv txawv kev qhia: nws yog zus, nws yog zuj zus lawm. Qhov no dynamic yog ob qho tib si lub hom phiaj thiab subjective yog vim li cas.

Los ntawm 1784 muaj xws li tus thawj ntaub ntawv piav txog cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog. Vladikavkaz ces inhabited 2036 cov neeg. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sharply nce cov pejxeem tom qab nws fortress nroog raws li txoj cai. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias nyob lub caij 1870 nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz, muaj kaum txhiab inhabitants, los ntawm 1888 th, qhov no daim duab mus txog luag 38 txhiab.

Txog thaum 1992, maj nce lub nroog pej xeem. Vladikavkaz loj hlob, txawm hais tias muaj xyoo ntawm ib tug ib ntus poob nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj. Cov sij hawm muaj xws li cov 1895 - 1897 xyoo, 1915 - .. 1920, 1937, 1969, 1979, 1985, tab sis twb feem ntau tau ib tug txiav txim nce. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1992 lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm Vladikavkaz mus txog rau nws historic siab, xeeb 325 txhiab. Cov neeg. Ces, los ntawm 1993 mus 2002., Lub sij nyob rau hauv uas lub xyoo zuj zus lub xov tooj ntawm xyoo muab txoj kev rau nws lub caij nplooj zeeg, thiab vice versa. Txij li thaum 2003, maj mam ua tsawg populated Vladikavkaz. Cov pejxeem ntawm stably txo. Tsuas yog ib lub xyoo, uas yog ib qho kev zam nyob rau hauv no voj voog - 2015 th. Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 2016, cov pejxeem txuas ntxiv mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg.

ceev ntawm cov pejxeem

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab demographic ntsuas yog cov pejxeem ceev. Cia peb kawm saib nws cov nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub piav tas. Cov kev ceev ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog ntawm Vladikavkaz, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm 291 square meters. km yog hais txog 1.1 txhiab. cel. / sq. km.

Los ntawm kev sib piv, tus ceev ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Grozny sib npaug zos rau 0.9 txhiab tus neeg / sq ... km Stavropol - 2.5 ths / sq ... km thiab Makhachkala - 1.3 txhiab tus neeg / sq ... km. Yog li, Vladikavkaz muaj ib nrab nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm cov kev tswj cov chaw zov me ntawm sab qaum teb Caucasus.

National muaj pes tsawg leeg

Tam sim no nws yog lub sij hawm mus saib dab tsi hauv lub haiv neeg xav txog nws lawv lub tsev Vladikavkaz. Pejxeem los ntawm haiv neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug es motley.

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob rau Vladikavkaz yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub titular lub teb chaws ntawm Alanya - Ossetians. Lawv qhia nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm lub capital yog kwv yees li 64%. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz, tsis pub tshaj 25%.

Lwm yam nationalities considerably tsawg: Armenian - 3.5%, Georgia - 2.2%, Ingushs - 1.1%. Tus nab npawb ntawm Azerbaijanis, Ukrainians thiab Greeks twb tsis mus txog 1% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv lub North Ossetian capital. Kumyks Turks Kabardians, Chechens, Greeks, Roma, Tatars, cov neeg Yudais thiab Koreans txawm tam sim no ntawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz. Cov pejxeem ntawm lub nroog, raws li peb pom, yog heev ntau haiv neeg, txawm hais tias nws yooj yim lub cev pob txha yog ua Ossetians thiab Lavxias teb sab.

kev ntseeg

Tam sim no cia tus paub dab tsi yog nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas ib cheeb Vladikavkaz. Cov pejxeem ntawm lub zos no professes Orthodox Christianity rau qhov cov. Nws yog ib qhov kev ntseeg dominates cov Ossetians thiab Lavxias teb sab, uas tshwm sim tawm lub overwhelming feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog muaj 13 lub tuam tsev. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv raug kaw, demolished los yog puas thaum Soviet lub sij hawm. Tab sis tam sim no, ib txhia rov qab los, nyob rau hauv particular, tus Aleksandra Nevskogo lub Koom Txoos. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub nroog muaj lub Pokrovsky monastery, uas, li cas los xij, twb kaw nyob rau hauv 1921. Lub ntsiab lub tuam tsev yog hais tias yuav St. George Cathedral.

Cov peev ntawm North Ossetia yog qhov chaw ntawm lub Alan thiab Vladikavkaz diocese ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, uas tswj cov Archbishop ntawm Vladikavkaz.

Muaj zog heev nyob rau hauv lub zej lub zos ntawm Armenians uas yog parishioners ntawm lub Armenian Apostolic lub Koom Txoos. Lawv txawm muaj lawv tus kheej lub tsev teev ntuj, muaj npe tom qab St. Gregory lub Illuminator. Nws twb nrhiav tau rov qab nyob rau hauv 1868.

Nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz, tseem muaj hlwb ntawm lwm yam Christian denominations, xws li Protestant, tab sis lub xov tooj ntawm parishioners nyob rau hauv lawv yog tus me me. Qhov tseem heev heev Xya hnub Adventists, uas txawm muaj nws tus kheej lub tsev teev ntuj.

Cov Catholic lub tsev teev ntuj nyob hauv lub nroog no tseem sawv cev los ntawm nws cov advent.

Tab sis lub Muslim lub zej lub zos nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz loj npaum li cas Catholic thiab Protestant, txawm hais tias nws yog ho ua tsis tau zoo mus rau lub Orthodox. Islam yog professed los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov Ingush, Azerbaijanis, Chechens, Kumyk, Kabardians nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Lub predominant feem ntau ntawm cov Muslims yog Sunni ntawm UFW. Nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz, muaj Mukhtarov Mosque, ua nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov XX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yog ib tug tsev cia puav pheej. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 90 lub xyoo nws twb rov qab mus rau lub Muslims ua kev cai dab qhuas kuj. Tom qab hais tias, lub sij renovation ntawm lub tsev.

Nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz, muaj cov neeg Yudais lub zej lub zos, uas muaj nws tus kheej tsev pe hawm, raws li zoo li ob peb Jewish cemeteries.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz nyob cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev cai dab qhuas zej zog, ob tug hauj thiab Hindu. Xeem txawm muaj nws tus kheej lub tuam tsev ntawm Brahma.

Followers lwm kev cai dab qhuas ntxhee Vladikavkaz nyob rau hauv tsis txaus kom muaj nuj nqis mus rau daim ntawv cais zej zog. Peb yuav hais tias lawv tsis tshua muaj.

Lub nroog kev khwv nyiaj txiag

Hauj lwm ntawm lub nroog ntawm Vladikavkaz, cov pejxeem yuav tsis muaj tag tsis muaj tus economic puag ncig nyob rau hauv uas nws txoj sia nyob.

Lub nroog tsim tshuab lub tsev, metallurgy, lub teeb thiab khoom noj khoom haus industries. Ntawm cov coob qhauj ntawm Vladikavkaz yuav tsum faib Railcar tsob nroj, tsheb khoom, lub tuam txhab "yeej", uas nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua nyuaj hlau alloys.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub nroog koog tsev kawm ntawv yog ob hydropower nroj tsuag uas tsim hluav taws xob.

Vladikavkaz yog kev cob cog rua rau lwm settlements ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation los ntawm txoj kev, kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab cua mus. Hauv lub nroog tseem muaj tsheb npav thiab kab tram. Kom txog rau thaum 2010 nws kuj muaj ib tug trolley chaw ua si.

General yam ntxwv

Peb tau soj ntsuam qhov yooj yim demographic yam ntxwv ntawm lub nroog ntawm Vladikavkaz. Raws li peb tau pom, kuj ua kev pejxeem nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm North Ossetia. Vladikavkaz yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws kev koom ntawm lub sab qaum teb Caucasus. Ntawm no nyob cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txawv haiv neeg, tab sis ua li cov caj qaum ntawm lub Ossetians thiab Lavxias teb sab, lub hom kev ntseeg yog cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv lawv.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lub xeem kaum tsib xyoos lawm yuav luag tsis tu ncua, nrog tsawg zam, txo nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Vladikavkaz. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 2015 nws tau muab kev cia siab hais tias nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej demographic teeb meem no yuav hloov mus rau qhov zoo.