Viktor Mihaylovich Vasnetsov. Biography rau cov me nyuam

Thaum nws los txog rau ntxias uas ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub "rooj txhawb siab" epics, tales thiab legends, ib tug ntawm cov thawj rov qab yog Vasnetsov. Biography rau cov me nyuam yuav feeb pib nrog cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug txawj ntse tswv thiab nws thaum yau.

Yuav ua li cas yog tus me nyuam tseem yau ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej artist?

Thiab Viktor Mikhailovich yug May 15, 1848 nyob rau hauv ib lub zos hu ua Lopyal nyob ze Vyatka. Nws txiv, Mikhail, yog lub zos pov thawj. Tom qab tus me nyuam yug ntawm nws tus tub, nws tau yuam kom tsiv mus nyob rau lwm qhov chaw - ib lub zos Ryabovo. Niam yav tom ntej artist, Apollinaris Ivanovna, raising rau cov tub (Victor nws tus kheej yog ob).

Vasnetsov tsev neeg lub neej yuav tsis tau hu ua ib tug tshwj xeeb nplua nuj. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub tsev nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv tuaj rau kev lis kev cai thiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej uas yog raug rau cov nyob deb nroog thiab lub neej rau nroog. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws tus poj niam nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm tsev neeg yog leej txiv, Mikhail Vasnetsov. Biography rau cov me nyuam, qhia txog cov highlights ntawm lub neej ntawm cov artist, tseem. Mikhail Vasilievich yog ib tug ntse thiab zoo-kawm ntawv tus txiv neej, yog li sim qhia kev qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov tub xav paub, soj, muab lawv kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb. Tab sis pleev xim rau cov me nyuam pog qhia. Txawm tias qhov kev txom nyem, cov neeg laus yeej ib txwm pom cov nyiaj mus yuav nthuav scientific cov phau ntawv Magazine, xim, txhuam thiab lwm yam accessories rau creativity thiab kawm. Viktor Vasnetsov nyob rau hauv thaum yau tsom extraordinary propensity rau duab: nyob rau hauv nws thawj sketches pom picturesque nyob deb nroog ua hauj lwm thiab scenes ntawm neej nyob deb nroog.

Lwm yam villagers Viktor Vasnetsov pom raws li nws tus phooj ywg zoo thiab enjoyed mloog dab neeg thiab zaj nkauj uas yog hais thaum lub sij hawm rooj sib txoos rau ntawm lub dim teeb ntawm ib tug teeb thiab Blue.

Vasnetsov tsis xav txog tej yam kuv lub neej tsis muaj txawm yog nqus los ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog

Vasnetsov Viktor Mihaylovich, uas nws biography yog tam sim no lub npe ntawm peb cov kev sib tham, pib kos heev thaum ntxov. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov hnub nws txiav txim siab tias tus tub twb taug kev nyob rau hauv lub footsteps ntawm nws tus txiv, ces nws thawj mus kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug kev cai dab qhuas tsev kawm ntawv, thiab ces - mus rau tsev kawm Vajluskub nyob rau hauv Vyatka. Raws li ib tug seminarian, Vasnetsov lossi kawm keeb kwm, nyob ntawm cov neeg ntseeg, chronographs, ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Ib tug tshwj xeeb mloog yog twv rau lub qub Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv - nws yog txawm ntau ntxiv dag zog rau txoj kev hlub ntawm Lavxias teb sab antiquity, uas yog twb yus Vasnetsov. Biography rau cov me nyuam, nplooj siab rau qhov no amazing artist, yuav tsum hais qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub kawm vaj lug kub Vasnetsov tau txais sib sib zog nqus paub txog lub Orthodox cim, uas yog ces pab tau kom nws thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub mural nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj.

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub kawm vaj lug kub tsis tau nres Victor M. rau siab ntso mus kawm painting. Nyob rau hauv 1866-1867 gg. los ntawm nws ob txhais tes tawm 75 zoo kawg nkaus kos duab, uas thaum kawg tau txais kev pab raws li zaj lus piv txwv rau cov "los ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj lug" N. Trapitsina.

Ib tug muaj zog lub tswv yim rau Vasnetsov ua acquaintance nrog E. Andrioli - Polish artist, uas yog nyob rau hauv exile. Andrioli qhia nws cov tub ntxhais cov phooj ywg hais txog lub Academy of Arts nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Vasnetsov tam sim ntawd muaj ib tug yaum mus ua muaj. Cov artist txiv ho tsis mloog, tab sis tam sim ntawd ceeb toom hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis yuav pab tau.

Thaum pib ntawm ywj siab lub neej nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg

Txawm li cas los, Vasnetsov twb sab laug yam tsis them nyiaj yug. Andrioli thiab nws tus phooj ywg Npis Sov Adas Krasinski tham nrog tus tswv xeev Kampaneyschikovym, thiab nws pab lawv muag cov painting "Lub Milkmaid" thiab "Reaper," uas kos Vasnetsov. Biography rau cov me nyuam yuav tsum muaj xws li ib co nthuav ntau cov ntsiab lus nrog nws. Rau cov muag paintings Vasnetsov tau txais 60 rubles, thiab tus nqi no mus rau St. Petersburg. Kom yus hnav zoo thiab tsis meej cov tub hluas tsis pub nws txawm saib ntawm daim ntawv teev tso npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub Academy tom qab cov piab. Victor yog tau txais los ntawm tus paub cov neeg pleev kob mus khwv tau ib tug prozhito. Tom qab ntawd Vasnetsov yog ib yam dab tsi rau txhua leej txhua tus thiab pib mus rau kos illustrations rau cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab cov phau ntawv. Tom qab ntawd nws tau mus kawm ntawv Society rau lub txhawb ntawm Artists, qhov uas nws tau ntsib nrog I.Kramskoy, uas twb tsis tau mus ua si nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas artist lub neej ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm.

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau Academy of Arts thiab lub neej yav tom ntej lub neej ntawm cov artist

Nyob rau hauv 1868 Vasnetsov dua ua ib qho los mus rau hauv lub Academy ntawm St. Petersburg. Thiab nws paub tias lub sij hawm nws tseem muaj peev xwm mus dhau cov piab.

kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub academy muab Viktor Mikhailovich ntau yam tshiab nthuav acquaintances. Ntawm no nws los nyob ze thiab pib ua phooj ywg nrog Repin, Polenov, Kuindzhi, Surikov, Maximov, cov kwv tij Prahova, Antokolsky, Chistyakov.

Twb thaum lub sij hawm thawj xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb Vasnetsov tau txais ib tug silver puav pheej, thiab ces - ntau medals rau ob tug me me sketch los ntawm qhov thiab nqus "Ob tug liab qab artist tus qauv." Ob xyoos tom qab cov xib fwb foom koob hmoov rau ib daim duab "Yexus thiab Philaj rau cov neeg", lub sij hawm no - ib tug loj nyiaj puav pheej.

lub sij hawm no yog qhov nyuaj heev rau Vasnetsov. Nyob rau hauv 1870, cov artist txiv tau tuag, thiab nws pib mus rau saib xyuas ntawm nws tus txiv ntxawm nyob rau hauv nws niam lub sab, uas tseem npau suav ntawm hwjchim ci ntsa iab, ib tug txawj ntse artist thiab yog tab tom nrhiav rau ib lub sij hawm mus khwv tau. Pib los ntawm 1871 Vasnetsov ntau tsis tshua muaj tshwm nyob rau hauv lub academy, mas vim tsis muaj sij hawm thiab deteriorating noj qab haus huv. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tseem fruitful ua hauj lwm: nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas tau ua ntau tshaj 200 illustrations rau "Soldier lub ABC", "Neeg tus ABC", "Lavxias teb sab tsiaj ntawv rau cov me nyuam" (Vodovozov). Cov artist yog koom nyob rau hauv illustrating fairy tales "Lub Firebird", "Humpbacked nees" thiab ib txhia lwm leej lwm tus. Vasnetsov muaj lub sij hawm mus rau xim rau kuv tus kheej - raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov no twb nuj nqis rau ntawm tus neeg yam.

1875 yog ib xyoos ntawm txoj kev hloov hauv lub neej ntawm Viktor Mikhailovich. Nws yoojyim lub academy vim hais tias ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias qhov yuav tsum tau mus khwv tau nyiaj kom tau nws nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, tab sis kuj, vim hais tias nws xav mus nws tus kheej tsim lawv txuj ci. Thaum lub loj leeb exhibition tso tawm kom pom nws painting "Tshuaj yej haus nyob rau hauv lub tavern," thiab xaus nrog kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv "thov khawv hu nkauj." Nyob rau hauv 1876, nws pib lub painting "Phau Ntawv khw" thiab "los ntawm cov tsev apartment rau chav tsev."

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo Vasnetsov muaj lub sij hawm mus xyuas Paris. Mus saib rau Fabkis hits lub artist lub tswv yim thiab tshwm sim los ntawm nws, nws tau sau tus naas ej "Balagan nyob rau hauv lub suburbs ntawm Paris" (1877).

Ib xyoo tom qab, cov artist rov qab mus rau nws teb koj chaw, crowned nrog Aleksandroy Ryazantsevoy thiab nws tus poj niam tau tsiv mus rau lub tshiab khiv nrhiav Moscow.

Cov painting ntawm lub Vladimir Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kiev - lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej Vasnetsov

Nyob rau hauv 1885 A. Vasnetsov Prakhov caw mus koom nyob rau hauv lub painting ntawm lub tshiab tsa St. Vladimir lub Cathedral (Kiev). Xav, cov artist pom zoo. Yam tsawg kawg nkaus kev nws twb tau txais lawm thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Abramtsevo tsev teev ntuj ntawm tus Cawm Seej, thiab epic. Ua ib tug txiv neej ntawm no: kev ntseeg, nws yog nyob rau hauv painting churches Vasnetsov pib mus saib nws yeej muaj tseeb txoj hauj lwm.

Pleev xim rau tshaj nyob rau hauv lub Vladimir Cathedral Vasnetsov ua hauj lwm rau ntau tshaj kaum (!) Xyoo. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog commissioned pleev xim thiab lub ntsiab nave thiab cov apse. Cov artist skillfully xwm tseem ceeb scenes ntawm cov tshiab thiab qub Testaments, Lavxias teb sab ntseeg, arches ennobled los ntawm ib tug zoo kawg nkaus cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kos duab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, lub scale ntawm nqa tawm kev ua hauj lwm yog tsis kho sib npaug. Tom qab tag nrho, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no Victor M. tau tsim ntau tshaj plaub thumbnails, thiab tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub painting occupies ntau tshaj 2 txhiab sq. M. m.!

Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog nthuav, tab sis kuj nyuaj heev. Tom qab V. M. Vasnetsov, uas nws biography yog lub npe ntawm peb cov kev sib tham, ua tib zoo kawm cov kev kawm, nrog uas nws yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, nws los ua cuab kav nrog monuments ntawm thaum ntxov cov ntseeg Vajtswv, fwm nyob rau hauv ltalis, frescoes thiab mosaics, uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv Kiev St. Sophia Cathedral, St. Michael thiab pleev xim rau monasteries Kirillov. Vasnetsov mloog yog them rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lwm yam kev teb ntawm daim duab: pej xeem kos duab, ancient Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv Miniatures. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas, thaum ua hauj lwm, nws twb ua los ntawm cov Moscow Laus Believer icons. Thiab dua li, Vasnetsov yeej ib txwm saib yog hais tias nws haum txaus mus ua hauj lwm nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub Koom Txoos. Muaj ntau ntawm cov sketches cov artist twb yuam kom poob tawm vim hais tias nws suav hais tias nws ua hauj lwm yog tsis txaus lub tsev teev ntuj, los yog vim hais tias qhov kev pom zoo lawv tsis tau muab lub tsev teev ntuj council.

Vasnetsov nws tus kheej ntseeg hais tias nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj - nws yog nws tus kheej "txoj kev mus rau lub teeb," ib tug thiaj ua rau tus poj qhov tseem ceeb. Tej zaum nws yog qhov nyuaj heev vim lub fact tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los qhia no los yog zaj dab neeg ntawd raws nraim li nws pom nws nyob rau hauv nws lub siab.

Ib qho ntawm feem nrov dluab ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb Vasnetsov ua, rau cov thawj lub sij hawm portrayed "nrog warmth, ua siab loj thiab lub siab dawb paug." Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam Lavxias teb sab tsev lig XIX-thaum ntxov XX centuries. Koj yuav tau raws li nws tu tub tu kiv.

Cov hauj lwm twb tiav nyob rau hauv 1896, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tus huab tais tsev neeg, lub tsev teev ntuj twb tsa. Vasnetsov painting yog ib tug lossis loj kev vam meej, thiab nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nyob rau tag nrho cov sab ntawm cov artist poob cia ib tug ntau ntawm cov muaj sau npe nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Warsaw, Darmstadt thiab lwm lub tuam tsev. Sab saum toj tswv yim Vasnetsov raws li ib tug muralist, decorator yog nws painting "Lub Xeem Txiav Txim."

Vasnetsov - lub experimenter, sib txuas nws ua hauj lwm ancient kev cai thiab manpower

Sau ntawv Kiev cathedral, Vasnetsov spare lub sij hawm tsis tu tsis tseg mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lwm yam lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no, nws tsim ib tug keeb kwm thiab epic voj voog ntawm paintings.

Tej lub sij hawm Viktor Mikhailovich tau mob siab lub creation ntawm theatrical scenery.

Nyob rau hauv 1875-1883 gg. Vasnetsov them atypical rau nws kos ib daim duab ntawm "Pob zeb Muaj hnub nyoog", uas yuav tsum kho opens sai nyob rau hauv Moscow Historic Museum.

Tab sis nyob rau ib qho ntawm nws nto moo tshaj plaws paintings - "Heroes" - cov artist ua hauj lwm rau ob peb xyoo lawm, thiab ua kom tiav nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1898, Vasnetsov nws tus kheej hu ua lub nrag nws "kev lav ris kom cov haiv neeg." Thiab nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis hauv tib lub xyoo, Pavel Tretyakov zoo siab hlo coj cov duab no ntawm nws mus rau nws puas tau ua ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau cov tawm teev nyob rau hauv nws lub qhov.

Vasnetsov lub paintings yeej tsis sab laug neeg tsis muaj ab tsi, thaum nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv yog feem ntau tsiv sib cav tswv yim hloov zuj zuj. Ib tug neeg qhuas thiab admired, ib tug neeg - thuam. Tab sis kuj ceeb tias, "ua neej nyob" thiab muaj nws tus plig ua hauj lwm yuav tsis mus unnoticed.

Vasnetsov tuag Lub Xya hli ntuj 23, 1926 nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm 79 xyoo vim lub plawv muaj teeb meem. Txawm li cas los, kev lig kev cai ntawm cov uas nws pw lub hauv paus rau txuas ntxiv thiab mus txuas ntxiv nyob thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no tiam ntawm ntxias.