Sab saum toj sailors thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog. medieval ships

Early Nrab Hnub nyoog - lub sij hawm yuav tsum vov lub xyoo pua V rau XI. Qhov no yog lub sij hawm thaum lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog kev lom zem ntau hloov vim lub barbarian invasions thiab cov poj tsiv teb tsaws. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub ancient kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe tuaj ib tug tshiab, cov absorbing lub teeb ntawm lub kev txawj ntse ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Rome. Txawm li cas los, txawm nyob rau hauv no, los ntawm txhais, ntau tsaus lub sij hawm kev kawm tau yog tsis nres. Dab yog yuam tsev neeg mus nrhiav ib tug tshiab qhov chaw, ua rau nws tsim nyog los txhim kho cov tub rog might thiab kev txawj ntse, nrog raws li ib tug yeej nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua, thiab ceev ceev zog. Thiab yog li ntawd nquag tsim navigation thiab shipbuilding. Sab saum toj sailors thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog los ua tsim mas vim qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm resettlement rau hauv tshiab ib ncig, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv kev ua si, ntses, plaub-kev coj tus kheej cov tsiaj, minerals. Rau cov neeg ntawm lub impetus rau taming marine caij yog lub kev hem thawj ntawm nres los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.

Lower faj tim teb chaws

Byzantium yog qhov kawg stronghold ntawm lub ancient kab lis kev cai. Ntawm no rau ob peb xyoo tom qab uas lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub Western Roman faj tim teb chaws fwm tus txawj ntse ntawm lub Greeks thiab Loos. Byzantium nyob rau lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug kev cai lij choj, qhov twg nyob qhov zoo tshaj plaws navigators thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Muaj tseem tus kev lig kev cai ntawm lub Roman shipbuilding, tiam sis muaj qhov sib txawv. Roman fleet ua si nyob rau hauv tus tiv thaiv tsis yog thawj zaug luag hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, lub Byzantine Empire vim hais tias ntawm lub peculiarities ntawm nws thaj txoj hauj lwm twb yuam kom nce naval lub hwj chim. Nws medieval ships tau ua Ameslikas los ntawm cov Roman qauv, tab sis sai sai lawm.

Cov kev hem thawj ntawm as ntxeem tau

Modernization contributed rau nyaum Muslims nquag txhawb rau tus ciam teb ntawm lub xeev. Muaj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau rau ib tug muaj zog rog uas muaj peev xwm rau ua lub invaders. Ib leeg-theem dromon, pub los ntawm lub nroog Loos, steel txia mus ua loj vessels nrog ob decks, paddles 25 thiab rau txhua oblique Latin sails. Nyob rau cov hloov dromon haum los ntawm 100 mus 200 tus neeg, ib co ntawm cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau duav tag nrho cov tshaj navigation, thiab ib co tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua. Chiv dromon nruab nrog battering rams, tab sis nrog ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub tswvyim sib ntaus sib tua, lawv tau hloov los ntawm xib xub, thiab ces - mus rau lub Greek hluav taws, lub feem ntau haib tshaj riam phom ntawm cov Byzantine fleet.

Nyob rau dromon Byzantines muaj kev cuam tshuam tua Arabs, tiv thaiv lawv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub Mediterranean phiab, thaws rov los lub loj tus naj npawb ntawm sib cem nyob rau Constantinople.

kev ua si loj

Dromon Byzantine thiab Italian qhov tau menyuam tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm lawv cov tswv, tab sis kuj cov yeeb ncuab. Tsis tau lwm thaum ntxov medieval sailors, vandals feem ntau siv yuav ships mus tua cov nyob sab Europe powers. Thaum King lawv Geiseric siv xws ships, peb coj Sicily, ravaged Rome, thiab ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd yeej lub Byzantine fleet.

Barbarians yuav tsis khav ntawm ib tug centuries-laus kev lig kev cai ntawm shipbuilding, lawv yuav tsum tau sai sai dlua lub tshuab, sim thiab mus soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub ancient ntiaj teb no, tej ntawm nrhiav txoj kev pom tsis muaj cov hlab. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob, yog li ntawd, hais tias lawv muaj kev koom nrhiav kom tau tus yeeb ncuab dromon thiab galleys. Lub Byzantines sim ntau li ntau tau kom qeeb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm barbarians seafaring. Ib tug yuav tau txais ntawm qhov no yog txoj cai, raws li uas leej twg kawm barbarian shipbuilding, twb raug txim mus rau txoj kev tuag.

Lub fleet ntawm lub vandals

Great tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov neeg tau coj mus rau lub acquaintance ntawm European lub teb chaws muaj kev sib txawv pab pawg neeg ntawm barbarians. Cov lawv yog cov vandals tej zaum yuav tsis yuav lub zoo tshaj plaws cov neeg tsav nkoj thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog, tab sis ceev heev uas nws kawm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua V lawv ravaged Gaul, nyob Spain thiab mus rau teb chaws Africa nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 429, qhov chaw uas ib xyoo caum tom qab uas Alan nrhiav tau lub nceeg vaj uas engulfed lub chaw uas zoo heev uas niaj hnub Tunisia, sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob Libya thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj Algeria.

Txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua V vandals koom mastered rau lub seas. By lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm lub nceeg vaj nyob rau hauv North Africa, lawv muaj ib tug heev sib ntaus sib tua-worthy fleet. rau feem ntau ntawm cov nkoj coob muaj tus coj txawv txawv cov tub rog thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj. Vandals tau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm pab neeg no. Lawv ships siv tau rau robberies thiab raids, yuav haum txog li 40-50 neeg.

friezes

Sailors thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog Franks, feem ntau ntawm tsov rog nrog Vandals, thiab tsis heev nyog tau lub npe ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Yuav kom txog XI xyoo pua, lawv siv ib tug random mus sib hais. Nws tsuas yog tom qab lub Franks pib ua naves, ships uas muaj ob sab, superstructure thiab ob aft rudders. Nyob ib sab mus rau lub Franks tswm friezes, raws li muaj ntau yam kev soj ntsuam, qhov zoo tshaj plaws neeg tsav nkoj thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Franks pheej sim yuav tsum yeej xwb lawv. Friesians raug mus rau lub faj tim teb chaws kom txog rau thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua VIII.

Puas tau txij ancient sij hawm, lawv tau reputed zoo heev tub txawj tub ntse. Friezes monopolized tag nrho cov tsheb nyob rau hauv lub Rhine thiab lub North hiav txwv, nto moo rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws muab kev sib kho nyob rau hauv coj mus muag teeb meem. Peb cia siab rau lawv, vim hais tias lawv tsis koom nyob rau hauv tub sab, tsis zoo li lub Vikings. Qhov no tso cai rau Frisians heev enriched thiab ua tau ua tus founders ntawm lub North Hiav txwv kab lis kev cai.

ships tub txawj tub ntse

Friezes siv SBPC thiab hyulki. Tus thawj hom yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ca-bottomed ships, muab nws ib tug zoo dua nyob rau hauv cabotage. Master ntawm lub nkoj nyob rau hauv rooj plaub muab rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov hlab ntsha sijhawm lossless zaum tso tseg thaum uas tsis muaj tom tsim thiab ntab thaum lub tom tsim pib.

Hyulki muaj ib puag ncig hauv qab, uas tsis muaj board, ntev tank thiab pub yuav tsum tau rau kauj. Hyulki twb tsis txawm peem rau nrog lub log, lawv ua siv ob oars, nyob cia li nyob hauv lub siab tawv thiab hneev. Zoo yoog mus rau tej yam kev mob ntawm lub North Hiav txwv ships ua tau lub siab ntxiv ntawm cov Frisians yog tsis tsuas nyiaj txiag, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov kev cai txiav txim zoo.

Vikings

Txawm li cas los, cov thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov "zoo tshaj plaws sailors thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog" tseem nyob lub Vikings. Cov neeg uas nyob hauv Npanpiloo Scandinavia, ntawm cov Europeans tau txais lub npe "Norman". Lub hiav txwv los ntawm thaum yau yog ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm lub neej rau txhua tus Viking. Lawv ua tau nyob rau hauv navigation coj tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov heev heev thiab heev kev vam meej raids nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv, Fabkis thiab lub Mediterranean ntug dej hiav txwv, tab sis kuj cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Iceland thiab Greenland, raws li zoo raws li lub foundations ntawm America.

Sab saum toj sailors thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog, tus Normans twb tau mus next los ntawm lub hnub thiab cov hnub qub. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub sagas muaj mention ntawm ib tug tej yam "hnub pob zeb", uas tso cai rau lub Vikings mus nrhiav txoj cai coj. By assumption, kws tshawb fawb, nws yog ib ntsiav tshuaj nrog ib tug fortified nrog ib daim ntawm lodestone. Txoj kev tshawb no pom tshwm sim nyob rau Greenland nyob rau hauv 1951, muab thaj av rau xav hais tias cov Vikings paub thiab tus dais no yog heev uas zoo sib xws mus rau ib tug compass. Nws yog tej zaum ib tug ntoo disk nrog 32 kev sib cais, rotating rau ib tug tsau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub kov. Nws taw qhia kom paub mus rau lub cardinal ntsiab lus siv rau lub hnub qub thiab lub hnub, thiab nws tau txiav txim los ntawm cov kev taw qhia.

Drakkar

Naval hwj chim ntawm tus Vikings yuav tsis yog li ntawd impressive, yog hais tias lawv tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm shipbuilding. Drakkar, warships, yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm superior craftsmanship. Lawv tau tsa siab lub siab tawv thiab nyo hau, sab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm shields. Feed lub taub hau adorned nrog ib tug zaj, uas tau muab lub npe ntawm lub nkoj. Drakkar tsiv los ntawm lub sail thiab oars, yuav ncav cuag speeds ntawm 10-12 pob caus ntawd. Lawv Vikings ua lawv ntsoog loj heev raids thiab mus ncig teb chaws mus tsis paub hais tias shores.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub shipbuilding thiab navigation nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog maj mam nce lub pace. Cov sau kev paub ntawm cov orientation thiab cov creation ntawm qhov chaw ntawm marine hlab ntsha, haum rau dej hiav txwv hla, muab lub hauv paus rau cov poj thaj discoveries, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug ob peb puas xyoo.