Yuav ua li cas yog cov paj? Lub npe ntawm lub vaj paj. Biology: paj (qauv)

flowering department yog ib tug loj hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsim thoob plaws nws lub neej zog tshwj xeeb hloov tua - paj. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub vegetative kabmob (cov hauv paus hniav, nplooj thiab tua), lawv, nrog rau cov noob thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ua qhov tseem ceeb generative muaj nuj nqi. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav saib ib tug ob peb loj ntsiab lus, nrog rau cov qauv ntawm cov paj thiab nws cov thawj xib fwb qhov chaw ntawm cov nuj nqi. Peb yuav sib tham txog dab tsi yog lub paj, lawv yog txwv kom muab zais thiab txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Biology: paj. Tus qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov kav

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj yog ib tug ntau ntau yam ntawm cov xim, txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam qauv, xim thiab loj. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev. Biologists xav txog lub paj raws li ib tug complex hloov tsim nyog rau noob tu tub tu kiv. Nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav, nws muaj peb qhov chaw:

• qia (receptacle, pedicel);
• daim hlau (tej nplaim, sepals);
• generative (pistil (s), Stamens).

Lub paj yog txuas mus rau lub sab saum toj ntawm txoj kev khiav nrog kev pab los ntawm lub peduncle - tshwj xeeb elongated organelle, lub continuation ntawm tus kav.

Nyob rau hauv lub paj ntawm ib co nroj tsuag xws li paj noob hlis, pob kws, willow, plantain, clover paj soj caum tsis hnov vim lawv muaj zog shortening. Lub receptacle chaw - sab sauv, wider ib feem ntawm lub paj soj caum - txheej txheem calyx, Stamens pistils thiab Corolla (ib tug los yog ob peb). Receptacle tej zaum yuav ntau ntau thiab tsawg thiab muaj ib tug txawv cov duab - convex (pos), pav ca (camomile), concave (rosehips, txiv ntoo qab zib) los yog elongated (avens).

Sheet ntawm lub paj

Calyx yog ib lub cev uas muaj rov kho nplooj (sepals). Nws lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi yog los tiv thaiv cov sab hauv qhov chaw ntawm ib lub paj ua ntej lub blooming buds. Calyx razdelnolistnoy tej zaum yuav yog (yog hais tias tus sepals sib cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam) los yog gamophyllous (yog hais tias lawv yog fused). Corolla yog lub feem ntau tiag tiag li, ib tug muaj koob ib feem ntawm lub paj. Nws muaj tej nplaim los ntawm paj uas txawv nroj tsuag tej zaum yuav txawv heev nyob rau hauv lub cev (tubular, tswb-zoo li tus, tig, thiab funnel al.) Thiab coloring. Lub ntsiab functions ntawm lub pavilion - kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov pistil thiab Stamens los ntawm cov nyom ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob thiab nyiam kab pollinators. Corolla thiab calyx ntawm lub paj li npog, uas yog hu ua perianth. Nws yuav ua tau tej yam yooj yim, muaj raws ntawm ib tug uas zoo sib xws free intergrows los yog nplooj, los yog complex, kom meej meej txawv nyob rau hauv lub Corolla thiab calyx, uas txawv ho los ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv loj thiab xim. Tej yam yooj yim perianth yog muaj nyob rau Lily ntawm cov hav thiab tulips, thiab complex - lub tswb, carnations, petunias thiab txiv ntoo qab zib. Muaj paj thiab tag devoid ntawm hais tias lub caij, lawv hu ua liab qab (willow, tshauv). Tam sim no uas koj paub tias dab tsi yog cov paj los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov Corolla thiab calyx. Tom ntej no, peb yuav qhia txog cov kabmob ntawm lub paj, nqa cov me nyuam muaj nuj nqi.

Generative ib feem ntawm lub paj

Stamens thiab pistils - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov chaw ntawm ib lub paj. Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv lub center. Stamens cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib los yog ntau lub voj voog nyob ze ntawm lub puab ntug perianth thiab muaj filaments thiab anther nyob rau hauv uas paj ntoos yog ua. Pistil muaj 3 qhov chaw: sab, stigma thiab zes qe menyuam. Cov yav tas muaj cov ovules, ntawm uas yuav tshwm sim tom qab fertilization lub noob. Feem ntau cov nroj tsuag muaj ib tug pistil thiab Stamens yog ob peb - los ntawm peb mus rau ib tug puas. Lawv hu ua bisexual. Ib txhia xim, xws li nyob rau hauv Cannes, muaj no tsuas muaj ib tus Stamen. Muaj nroj tsuag uas yog tam sim no yog Stamens los yog pistils. Cov no yog hu ua tib yam nrog txiv neej pw - staminate los yog pistillate. Ib txhia xim xws li cornflower thiab sunflower nyob rau hauv kev muaj yog tej nuj nqis ib tug los yog cov lwm tus lub cev. Yog li ntawd lawv yog hu ua asexual. Yuav ua li cas yog cov xim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no? Cov nroj tsuag uas ib txhij muaj ob staminate thiab pistillate paj yog hu ua monoecious. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no pab pawg neeg yog lub taub dag, ntoo qhib, dib, pob kws. Yog hais tias tus txiv neej thiab poj niam paj yog nyob rau txawv cov tib neeg (piv txwv), cov nroj tsuag yog hu ua cov dioecious. Piv txwv li yog cov willow, poplar, hiav txwv-buckthorn.

Qhov ntau ntawm cov xim

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias ntau hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag hloov tua, ua lub generative zog, muaj ib tug zoo qauv, thaj uas lawv muaj peev xwm sib txawv heev. Lawv loj tej zaum yuav txawv ntawm ib tug millimeter (y duckweeds) thiab mus txog rau ib Meter nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Ib qho ntawm feem nthuav hom muaj yog teb chaws sov Rafflesia. Nws muaj coob paj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, uas emit ib tug qias neeg tsis hnov tsw ntawm lwj nqaij. Lwm yam nroj tsuag, xws li lub vaj jasmine, rose, Lily ntawm cov hav, exude ib ntxiag aroma. Qhov no maj, exquisite tsw yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm lub epidermal txheej ntawm petals thiab perianth. Lub paj ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag muaj txiaj ntsim nrog tshwj xeeb kev zoo nkauj thiab muab cov neeg zoo nkauj Library. Ib qho ntawm feem paj zoo zoo nkauj tswv sawv thiab orchid.

coloring lub tej nplaim

Cia saib dab tsi yog lub paj xim. Ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lawv tej nplaim ua tsis tau tsuas yog chromoplasts, tab sis kuj tshwj xeeb dyes - pigments ntawm tes kua ntoo. Piv txwv li, anthocyanin txiav txim liab, liab, xiav los yog violet xim Corolla antofein - xim av, carotenoids - daj, liab thiab txiv kab ntxwv, thiab lwm yam zoo li, lub nplaim paj xim tej zaum yuav hloov thaum lub sij hawm lub hnub -., Nyob rau hauv lub acidity ntawm cov cell kua ntoo. Piv txwv li, lub paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag Victoria amazonica hloov xim ntawm off-dawb mus liab thiab ces mus rau liab.
Dawb nplaim paj xim (piv txwv li, lws suav, lilies, Kua) txiav txim los ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj pigments thiab cov rog xav txog ntawm lub teeb rays. Puas muaj dub? Tsis yog, qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug xim nyob rau hauv lub petals. Tsaus xim yog tsaus liab doog noo los yog condensed maroon ntxoov.

Wildflowers

Muaj txog ib nrab ib tug lab sib txawv ntawm cov hav zoov thiab teb nroj tsuag. Tab sis, tsuas 290 ntawm lawv tau piav, thiab tau txais nws lub npe. Txij ancient sij hawm, cov tsiaj qus paj (duab qha tau lawv muaj ntau haiv neeg) tau siv rau zus tau tej cov medicaments. Thiab tsis muaj zem, txij li lawv muaj tej yam kho thaj. Lub ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov neeg sawv cev yog: cornflower, daisy, poppy, neeb, dandelions, violets, tsis nco qab-kuv. Cornflowers - qhov no yog ib tug tsis tshua zoo nkauj paj nyob kaj lug xiav. Lawv feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov nplej tom teb. Teb poppies sawv tawm rau lawv nplua nuj xim liab, "hluav taws" petals. Pom raws roadsides, tsis muaj ntau ntau, tab sis yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho nyob rau hauv lub steppes. Teb chamomile muaj ib tug zoo nkauj paj nrog ib tug daj lub taub hau thiab dawb petals. Chamomile lug siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm ntau cov kab mob, nrog rau kev kho mob ntawm txoj hnyuv, lub siab, caj pas thiab lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.

Hav zoov paj. Yuav ua li cas xim muaj snowdrops?

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws paj loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, yog cov anemone, St. John lub wort, lilies, snowdrops, ntau sorrel thiab lwm tus neeg. Lawv zoo nkauj yoojyim tsis muaj ib tug tsis muaj ab tsi. Tab sis qhov tseem ilv ntawm tag nrho cov muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov hav zoov paj nceeg vaj yog ib tug snowdrop. Nws tshwm thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub rhawv, ncaj ntawm lub melting daus, thiab ua ib lub cim rau los ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Koj puas paub yog xim dab tsi yog snowdrops?

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, cov siab dawb siab primroses muaj dawb tswb-zoo li tus petals. Tab sis muaj ib tug daj ntseg xiav, thiab txawm xiav. Genus snowdrops suav txog ob teb hom, qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu nyob rau hauv lawv pom tau hais tias Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Elvis, Caucasian thiab lwm tus. Lawv loj hlob zoo li nyob rau hauv lub Penumbra, nyob rau hauv cov nplooj saum toj ntawm cov ntoo thiab nroj.

Ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb cov hav zoov nroj tsuag yog xav tau St. John lub wort. Kawm nws yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv branched stems thiab ovate-oblong ntawv muaj ib tug du nto. Qhov no herbaceous perennial paj yog kaj daj. St John lub wort yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj raws li ib tug anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial thiab hemostatic neeg sawv cev.

Vaj zoo zoo nkauj paj

Vaj paj - ib tug loj pawg ntawm ornamental nroj tsuag, uas yog tsim los kho peb lub neej thiab txhawb nqa farmlands. Lawv yuav tsum tau txwv kom muab zais raws li cov tsis. Piv txwv li, lub vaj paj yog feem ntau muab faib ua peb pawg - annuals, biennials thiab perennials. Los ntawm unpretentious thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kaj thiab zoo nkauj annuals yog xav tau ib pansy, marigold (Calendula), alyssum, nasturtium. Perennials - ib tug zoo nkauj paj uas khaws lawv cov zoo heev thaj chaw rau ob peb xyoo. Lawv yog cov zoo tagnrho rau tej vaj, nws tsis yuav tsum tau txhua xyoo hloov thiab loj kho mob. Yuav ua li cas yog cov paj? Lub npe ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub perennials yog raws li nram no :. Astilbe, sawv, peony, saxifrage, daylily, campion, crocus, Daffodil, tulip, etc. Qhov tseem zoo-paub perennial cov qoob loo yog pom tau hais tias daisies, viola, Turkish lub paj, foxglove, hollyhock, thiab lwm yam ..