Uilyam Batler Yeyts: biography thiab tej hauj lwm

Uilyam Batler Yeyts yog lub npe hu ua qhov loj tshaj plaws English-language kws sau paj lug ntawm lub caij XIX - thaum ntxov XX centuries, ua npaum li cas los hloov tus poetic style, raws li zoo raws li ib tug playwright, essayist thiab novelist. Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv pom zoo los ntawm Hemingway rau nrauv nyeem ntawv rau cov tub sau phau ntawv, tau teev, thiab "Piav" Yeats. Nws cov paj huam them xim eminent neeg txhais lus. Tsis tsuas yog raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug, nws txawv nws tus kheej Uilyam Batler Yeyts. Nws cov kwv huam no yeej zoo heev, txawm li cas los, Uilyam Batler kuj paub raws li ib tug playwright. Tswvyim ua yeeb yam Yeats muaj ib tug muaj zog cawv rau TS Eliot, yus lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm nws predecessor li "ib feem ntawm no caug xyoo ntsuj plig."

Keeb kwm, cov hluas thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub ntxhais kos duab

Peb txaus siab nyob rau hauv kev kawm lus Askiv-cov lus kws sau paj lug yug nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Ireland, nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm ib tug naas ej neeg pleev kob, tau koom lub Pre-Raphaelite tsev kawm ntawv (uas, incidentally, yog heev ze, thiab Kipling tsev neeg). Nws tsis tau txais yuav ua li cas tej dlej kawm ntaub kawm ntawv, tiam sis muaj ntau ua hauj lwm ntawm nws tus kheej. Early passion rau cov ntaub ntawv.

Tus thawj verses cim ntau tus Shelley thiab Spencer. Nws pib sau lawv rov qab nyob rau hauv 1882, thiab cov thawj ntawv yog nyob rau hauv 1885. Ces, nyob rau hauv 1885, William twb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm lub Dublin alchemical haiv neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub occult. Paj nyob rau hauv lawv yuav nyob twj ywm rau hauv lub kws sau paj lug lub neej.

William pib yuav tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv 20 xyoo, thiab tom qab 4 xyoo luam tawm thawj phau ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam. Coj mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov Pre-Raphaelite tub hluas, nws hais tias, nws muaj "liab ntxub" mus rau rationalism thiab practicality ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm. Nws ciali rau nws hais tias paj huam ntaus no kev puas tsuaj, nws tau nrhiav chaw nkaum nyob rau hauv symbolism, xav hais tias cov duab zoo nkauj, muab zais los ntawm peb cov view, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau recreate lwm tshaj resorting rau kev siv lub cim. Tab sis txawm ces Yeats demanded tias art tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug kev xav tej yam rau tus nyeem ntawv, tab sis kuj yog tus ncaj ncees.

kev kawm ntawv ua si

Muaj ntau rog muab cov kws sau paj lug nthuav. Nyob rau hauv 1891 nws tau tsim tsa nyob rau hauv London Irish Literary Society, tom qab lub teb chaws Union ntawm Irish nyob rau hauv Dublin, koom tes rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Society of paj huam, tuaj rau lub nce qib ntawm Irish lus dab neeg. Ib tug ntawm nws tau ua yog cov creation ntawm thiaj li hu ua Gaelic League - Public Union aims tsim ib tug Irish teb chaws kab lis kev cai, lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm hauv paus txawm hom lus thiab txoj kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv uas, raws li nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws sawv.

Irish cov neeg muaj ib tug yooj yim keeb kwm. "Ntsuab Island" twb populated by Celtic pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv IV xyoo pua BC. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XII, Ireland tau tuaj nyob rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm ces. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1921 nws tau txais dominion raws li txoj cai, thiab nyob rau hauv 1949 - kev ywj pheej. Northern Ireland, feem ntau hu ua Ulster, tseem nrog cov British. Txawv teb chaws txoj cai yog brutal, cov kev cai tsis pub cov Irish siv lawv niam tus nplaig nyob rau hauv mob ntawm txoj kev tuag. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, lub tawm tsam rau lawv tus kheej kab lis kev cai thiab cov lus tau los ua nyuab loj mus txawv teb chaws; Tam sim no lub Irish sia mus thoob ntiajteb nyob ntau li ntau nyob rau hauv Ireland. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov neeg siv ntawm tus hom lus pib wane. Txawm tam sim no, thaum lub teeb meem no yog kho, cov Irish hais tias tsawg tshaj li ib lub hlis twg ntawm cov pej xeem.

"Lub Irish txawj rooj txhawb siab"

Lub sib ntaus tawm tsam tus poob ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab lub zog teem nws tus kheej neeg ua hauj lwm, "lub Irish txawj rooj txhawb siab", nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib lub Gaelic League thiab pib ntawm uas yog txuam nrog qhov kev tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1893 paj huam sau, tus sau los ntawm Uilyam Yeyts ( "Celtic Twilight"). Lub zog tsis coj nws mus rau lub hom phiaj uzkoyazykovym teeb meem, thiab ntau yam ntawm lawv, nrog rau William, sau nyob rau hauv lus Askiv. "Gaelic - kuv haiv neeg, tab sis tsis yog lub hom lus," - said Uilyam Batler Yeyts. Quotes nws yog feem ntau siv los txhawb qhov no. Txog cov teeb meem "ntawm lub Irish txawj rooj txhawb siab" yog ambitious - rau awaken lub teb chaws ntsuj plig, kom pej xeem sawv, los mus tiv thaiv lub ywj pheej ntawm lub teb chaws lub kab lis kev cai.

Creation ntawm lub Irish Literary Theatre

Raws li ib feem ntawm cov lus tsa suab Uilyam Batler Yeyts nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1899 los ntawm cov Irish Literary Theatre nyob rau hauv Dublin thiab yog nws cov thawj coj yuav luag mus rau txoj kev tuag txog 40 xyoo. Nyob rau repertoire rau nws ua yeeb yam, nws ua hauj lwm rau nws tus kheej, xa mas rau cov teeb meem ntawm lub teb chaws epic thiab haiv neeg keeb kwm. Ntawm no, Yates yog tus biggest innovator. Nws muaj kev tswj kom tsim ib tug thawj tswvyim ntawm "poetic ua yeeb yam", lub antithesis ntawm lub dominance ntawm naturalism.

Tej lub neej thiab kwv huam hais txog kev hlub

Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, uas ua lub ntsiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm Yeats, nws kuj yog tas li nyob rau lookout. Nws thaum ntxov ua hauj lwm yog rooted nyob rau hauv mythology thiab nourishes lub tswv yim ntawm "nyob mus ib txhis kev zoo nkauj". Kev muaj tiag tsis yog attracted cov kws sau paj lug. Ib hom ntawm tragic xim nyob rau hauv lub paj huam ntawm Yeats coj kev hlub. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 24, nws tau ntsib nrog tus tub zoo nkauj Maud Goni, ib tug actress thiab ib tug revolutionary, thiab rau ntau xyoo tau rau nws passionate kev xav uas nyob twj ywm thooj. Tsuas yog 52 xyoo, rau plaub lub sij hawm tau txais los ntawm Maud tsis ua hauj lwm mus cuag lawv lub neej, pib ib tsev neeg Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Nws xav kom cov vaj xilethi-aus cloak ..." - yog lub npe ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov kwv huam hais txog kev hlub lyrics. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov kab ntawm nws lub suab thaum pib ntawm tus yeeb yam "equilibrium". Muaj ntau yam tsis paub hais tias lawv sau - Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Tab sis kuv, ua neeg pluag, muaj yog kuv kev npau suav," - hais tias lub lyrical hero ntawm cov paj huam, lamenting lub fact tias nws yuav tsis kis tau tawm ntawm tus taw ntawm tus hlub "saum ntuj ceeb tsheej txhob lo lo ntxhuav."

Confessional thiab cov pej xeem paj huam

Thaum lub sij hawm, tej hauj lwm ntawm Yeats delineated puas. "Nyob Mus Ib Txhis zoo nkauj", ib tug paj huam hais txog kev hlub - tag nrho cov no yog maj disappearing. Pib nrog lub "lub luag hauj lwm" ntawm tus sau (1914), Uilyam Batler nce twv rau confessional thiab cov pej xeem paj huam. ib tug sau ntawm kwv huam qhia ib tug tense kev cua. Nyob rau hauv lub puas-teebmeem Catholic Ireland kopilos dissatisfaction nrog lub domination ntawm Protestant hais. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem hauv lub Dublin uprising nyob rau hauv 1916. Ireland tshaj tawm hais tias nws tus kheej ib tug koom pheej, tab sis lub insurgents ntawd kub ntev li tsuas yog tsib hnub. Uilyam Batler Yeyts yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv London, thiab cov txheej xwm yog ib tug ua kom tiav surprise rau nws, tab sis lawv tshuav ib tug sib sib zog nqus imprint rau nws lub siab.

Nws coj ib tug me reappraisal ntawm yav dhau los. Es tsis txhob tov nrog mysticism mythology Yeats ua hauj lwm muaj xws li lub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws nrog rau nws tiag tiag heroes. Cov ntshav kev muaj tiag ntawm lub uprising, uas tau thov 450 lub neej, txoj kev tuag ntawm nws cov thawj coj tau coj tus kws sau paj lug tau muab pov tseg sublime aristocracy, ib tug tshiab saib cov neeg.

Lub tragic laus cov paj huam

Lub neej tsis tau muab ruaj nyiaj them yug rau grope. Lub ensuing guerrilla tsov rog nrog rau lub British invaders aroused Yates iab chim siab. Twb kov yeej nws ntshai ib cov saw tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kev ntxub thiab kev nruj kev tsiv. Lub tragic laus cov yam ntxwv ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov kwv huam ntawm lub sij hawm no. Tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, peb tau ntsib nyob rau hauv lub lyrics ntawm Yeats thiab zoo siab chords. Piv txwv li - cov paj huam "Lub fiddler ntawm Dunii".

kws sau paj lug credibility

Yeats paj huam enjoyed ntau paub. Thaj, nws tsis yog tsim nyog los saib rau hyperbole nyob rau hauv cov mis ntawm lub Swedish Academy, uas sau tseg hais tias nws ua hauj lwm "muab qhia rau sab ntsuj plig essence ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws." Cov cai ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog kawg thiab. Los ntawm 1922 mus 1928, Yates - ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Irish Senate, ib tug ntawm peb senators los tawm tswv yim rau tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm kev kawm ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv thiab kos duab. Nws piav rau kev hais lus pab rau cov preservation ntawm ntau lub teb chaws monuments. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau ntawm cov me nyuam no yuav cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv txoj cai tsis muab tau, thiab nws tsis kam cov mus saib xyuas npe.

Senate hais lus

Yeats Senate hais lus muab pov thawj ntawm nws kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm kab lis kev cai nyob hauv zej zog. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv nws hais tias nws twb tsis muaj kev cia siab mus ntsib ib tug united Ireland, saib accession ntawm Ulster; tab sis nws yog ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub kawg nws yuav tshwm sim, thiab tsis yog vim tus Irish yuav sib ntaus sib tua rau nws, tab sis vim hais tias lawv muaj zoo tswj ntawm lawv lub teb chaws. Uilyam Batler Yeyts hais tias qhov no yuav ua tau los ntawm kev tsim ib tug kab lis kev cai uas yuav sawv cev rau kuv lub teb chaws thiab cov uas yuav nyiam lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg hluas.

Lub xyoo caum kawg ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nws ciali, ntws ntsiag to. Kev ncaj ncees thiab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa yog tus Nobel nqi zog, uas nws tau txais nyob rau hauv 1923. Poet dua tag nrho ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab lub dag lub zog ntawm lub nce laus hais lus nrog nyob ntsiag to lom zem. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog tawm sab nraud twj ywm, sab ntsuj plig lub neej ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog tseem tag nrho ntawm cov teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv nws koos xyoo tag nrho Revered txawj sau ntawv, tab tom nrhiav rov qab rau lub yav dhau los, xav txog lub neej yav tom ntej, nug koj tus kheej ib tug puas tabkaum rau lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm muaj tshiab threads daug lawm tswv yim tshiab, hloov poetic txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd yuav ua li cas yuav lossi refutes nws tus kheej. Nrhiav raws li txoj cai tsis tawm nws mus txog rau thaum kawg.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov nqe uas hais txog lub caij lub sij hawm ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, muaj ib tug ntau tus cim tshaj lub ua ntej lawm tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv kev, lawv raug xa mus rau cov me nyuam William Yeats pib reflections txog nws laus.

Qhov kawg kaum tsib xyoos uas nws lub neej Yeats twb paub raws li ib tug lub teb chaws Irish kws sau paj lug. Nws yog feem ntau muaj mob, tab sis txuas ntxiv rau ua. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg ntawm nws lub neej nws tau tsim tej hauj lwm uas cim ib qho txawv tshaj plaw tawm kev, ib tug zoo kawg mob siab thiab lub tswv yim. Cov lawv peb yuav tsum hais tej collections raws li "Pej thuam" (1928) thiab "Kauv Staircase", tsim nyob rau hauv 1933.

Cov kws sau paj lug tuag rau lub Fabkis Riviera, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Cap-Martin, 28 Lub ib hlis ntuj 1939. Txoj kev tuag tuaj tom qab lwm tus mob. Raws li qhov yuav ntawm Yeats, uas twb xaiv nyob rau hauv nws poetic yuav, nyob rau hauv 1948, nws seem reburied nyob rau hauv Ireland.

Lub controversy tshaj tus neeg thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug

Ceev zaus yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm Yeats, cov artist thoob plaws hauv lub ze li ntawm 60-xyoo ua hauj lwm. Nws feem ntau tsis kam los kawm, hloov, thiab varied nws ua hauj lwm. Tseeb ntawm lub neej thiab kev sau ntawv biography ntawm Yeats heev contradictory. Tag nrho nws lub neej nws xav nyob rau hauv lub mystical tej lus qhia. Qhov no yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv kev, spiritualism fascinated Uilyam Yeyts. "Vision" - twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1925. Cov phau ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas nws txhais lub hlwb thiab keeb kwm lub sij hawm los ntawm lub taw tes rau ntawm mysticism. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm, Uilyam Batler txawm ntseeg txheej thaum ub fascist demagogy.

Raws li, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm critics ntawm nws philosophical txaus feem ntau nrog cais ib leeg: Yeats sawv cev rau lub revolutionary, yog ib tug reactionary, lub traditionalist, lub modernist. Kev txiav txim yog kev txhawb los ntawm ua tim khawv rau cov khoom, sayings, poetic kab. Lub controversy tshaj tus neeg thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm William Butler Yeats los ua ib tug kev lig kev cai. Ib yam yog tseeb - nws yog ib tug txiv neej lossi mob siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig tshiab chaw. Thiab nws yog cov cuab yeej no tshwm sim rau nws los tsim ib daim ntawv tshiab thiab cov ntsiab lus paj huam, uas ua ib feem ntawm niaj hnub kab lis kev cai.