"Forefathers 'dab neeg: Tus hma liab thiab cov txiv hmab rau hauv lub tej hauj lwm ntawm predecessors

Cov zajlus yog hais txog ib tug hma liab seduced txiv hmab, tab sis tsis tau muaj kev tswj kom cuag tej yam suab nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm uas tsim los ntawm ntau ua ntej lawm dab neeg Ivana Krylova "Lub hma liab thiab cov Txiv quav ntswv nyoos." Yuav ua li cas nws qhia rau fabulist? Starved hma liab pom nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg lub vaj siav cua txiv hmab thiab tsis dhia rau nws, tab sis tsis muaj kev vam meej. Tom qab ntau zaus godfather khib: "Nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm ib co nws yog zoo, tab sis ntsuab," thiab "tam sim ntawd nabesh nauseam." Tus sau yog, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lawv cov lwm yam lus ntsuag, tsis muab cov kab ncaj nraim, uas muaj cov morals. Txawm li cas los, qhov cuab kev ncaj ncees cov lus ntawm dab neeg: Tus hma liab thiab cov txiv hmab - ib tug txiv neej thiab nws lub hom phiaj hais tias nws pom ib tug ntshaw thiab pheej yig. Tsis mus cuag nws, nws yog chim, tab sis ho tsis xav kom lees lawv tsis muaj zog thiab inferiority, thiab ces pib depreciate hypocritically yam, kev hais lus txog nws dismissively. Xws li, nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav, lub ntsiab lus ntawm dab neeg.

Hma liab thiab cov Txiv quav ntswv nyoos nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient sau phau ntawv

Lub tsev teev ntuj Slavonic Nyob rau hauv zaj lus piv txwv ntawm cov hma liab thiab txiv hmab (nyeem nws tis nyob rau hauv ancient Alexandria sau "Physiologist") tau muab teev tseg uncomplicated zaj dab neeg txog yuav ua li cas tshaib plab hma liab pom siav txiv hmab, tab sis yuav tsis tau lawv thiab pib "heev Hayati" berries. Ntxiv xaus: muaj cov neeg uas, xav ib yam dab tsi, nws yuav tsis tau, thiab hais tias "muaj lub siab xav ntawm nws ukrotiti" pib scolding. Tej zaum nws yog ib tug tswv yim zoo rau complacency, tab sis yeej tsis tsim nyog kev. Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas cov tswv yim no yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, tsim ntev ua ntej cov dab neeg.

Hma liab thiab cov Txiv quav ntswv nyoos nyob rau hauv tus txhais lus los ntawm ancient fabulist Aesop tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tib teeb meem - ib tug tshaib plab hma liab thiab N high-dai txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tsis tau lub txiv hmab, cov hma liab nkag tau rau nws tus kheej raws li nws tsis paub qab hau qaub. Greek dab neeg xaus heev preachy hint: "Leej twg defames unsustainable nyob rau hauv lus - nws no yog mus saib tus cwj pwm."

Fabkis txhais

Fabkis txawj sau ntawv La Fontaine dab neeg hides nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hma liab "Gascon, thiab tej zaum Norman", uas nws ob lub qhov muag lit ntawm lub ruddy mature txiv hmab boycott. Tus sau nws hais tias "lyubeznik yuav muaj kev zoo siab rau noj nws," tab sis twb tsis muaj lub caij nyoog. Tom qab ntawd nws snorted: "Nws yog ntsuab. Cia lawv cov zaub mov rabble! "Yuav ua li cas yog lub Lafontenovskoy dab neeg" Lub hma liab thiab cov Txiv quav ntswv nyoos "morality? Cov kws sau paj lug ua kev lom zem txais tau nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub Normans thiab cov Gascon muaj nuj nqis thiab arrogance. Qhov no qhia sau ntawv txawv los ntawm lub yav dhau los zaj lus piv txwv thiab dab neeg, Lub hma liab thiab cov Txiv quav ntswv nyoos uas ntsis ntawm universal flaws, tab sis tsis qhia lub teb chaws shortcomings.

Nta ntawm Krylov lub fables

Tsis muaj lub zem contemporaries sau hais tias Ivan Andreyevich yog ib tug kaj directorial txuj ci. Nws vividly thiab expressively sau tawm nws cim, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov dab neeg - allegorical ridiculing tib neeg vices - peb yuav tshwm sim nyob kev paub qhia lo cim thiab cov yeeb yuj tus hluas kom paub meej. Peb tus kheej saib raws li "gossips muaj kub lug ob lub qhov muag thiab cov hniav." Sau bitingly satirical thiab precisely pleev xim rau cov teeb meem no, "tab sis yog pom lub qhov muag, tab sis tus hniav yog khaus ua rau nws." Muaj heev eloquent nyob rau hauv ib tug dynamic qhov muag qhib scene ntawm Lub hma liab thiab cov Txiv quav ntswv nyoos. Krylov li generously, "txau" nws tej hauj lwm hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm lus dab neeg hais tias nws fables lawv tus kheej los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm sayings thiab paj lug.

Ib txhia ntawm tej yam ntuj tso ntiaj teb no

Nws hloov tawm, addicted rau cov hma liab txiv hmab boycott - tsis heev fabulist tseeb. Specialist kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj qus ecology Andrew Carter lawm hais tias, piv txwv li, tsiaj plaub ntxhov predator nyob rau hauv teb chaws Australia yog tsis averse mus saj lub tshuaj tsw qab figs, thiab NW nyuam qhuav tsaus ntuj zuag, lawv maj mus rau hauv lub vaj txiv hmab thiab nrog Library noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj.