Tswv yim psychology - dab tsi yog qhov no?

Tswv yim Psychology yog ib qho applied qhuab qhia. Seem no ntawm psychology, nyob rau hauv uas lawv kawm ua daim ntawv thov ntawm no science. Yog li, lub scientific thiab cov tswv yim psychology - qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug synonym rau nrov, txhua hnub, txhua hnub thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis Public "Vkontakte". Nws pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev xyaum - ua hauj lwm nrog cov neeg mob thiab kom ntseeg tau kev spheres.

terminology

Tswv yim psychology - lub science uas tsom xwb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm psychology nws tus kheej thiab nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv xyaum. Kom txog thaum lub 19th caug xyoo, seem no hu ua kev sim, tam sim no muab faib yaj "applied". Txawm li cas los, thov psychology, tab sis kuj tseem ua hauj lwm nrog rau daim ntawv thov ntawm kev qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, rau lwm yam kev mus rau nws teb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab kawm nws nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm tej cheeb tsam: advertising, kev kawm ntawv, kev ua si thiab lwm tus neeg.

Siv adjectives "thov" thiab "cov tswv yim" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob rau hauv tib lub kev txiav txim zoo kom thwj. Applied Psychology - ib tug ceg ntawm science uas tseem ua hauj lwm nrog cov kev xyaum ntawm psychology nws tus kheej, tab sis ua cas daim ntawv thov, cov xyaum aims nyob ib sab chaw. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tswv yim hais lus rau cov haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub tiaj lus ntawm inhabitants, raws li txwv mus rau qhuav, teeming cov nqe lus ntawm kev nthuav qhia ua ntawv thov kev qhuab qhia.

teeb meem

Qhov kev tshawb xav yog feem ntau ua ntej ntawm qhov kev xyaum, uas yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv lub sciences muaj me ntsis justified kwv yees thiab hypotheses. Cov kev ncua xav tau ib yam dab tsi sau. Nyob rau hauv psychology, rau tswv yim lub hom phiaj thiab sau qhov khoob, yog li ntawd-hu ua metaphors - tsis phwj, tab sis lub operating txoj kev, uas yog xam tau tias yog ib feem ntawm ib tug qhuab qhia.

Qhov teeb meem uas seb puas tsimnyog rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tswv yim psychology, yog hais tias qhov tiag-lub ntiaj teb no yuav tsum tsis sib haum mus rau lub theoretical lub hauv paus. Los ntawm no los lub ntsiab kev pab raws qib ntawm no science.

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm uas cov tswv yim psychology

Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov teeb meem kev nyuaj siab los ntawm lub applied psychology, dictated lub theoretical lub hauv paus thiab lub tej yam kev mob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tiag:

• ib tug neeg tawm tswv yim neeg uas nws cov teeb meem yog cov los yog kiag li untreatable;
• kev pab pawg neeg kawm zaug (xws li cov neeg ua lag ua luam thiab ib puag ncig);
• puas siab puas ntsws kev pab txhawb nqa kev spheres.

daim ntawv thov

Paub txog Applied Psychology kis rau ib yam ntawm cov saw, los ntawm psychology nyob rau ib tug kws kho mob thiab kws kho mob los ntawm (los yog analyst) yog kis tau mus rau tus neeg mob. Psychotherapeutic ua hauj lwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm cov tswv yim psychology. Yog li ntawd, individulnoe tswvyim rau lub neeg yog ib txwm txuam nrog nws tus teeb meem uas tsis muaj ib txog kev tshuaj raws li theoretical kev txawj ntse. Qhov no vim yog tus kws kho mob cov tshev mis ntau yam txoj kev thiab lawv cov ob peb ua ke, ua kom to taub li cas no yog tsim rau txhua tus neeg mob.

Lwm yam lus nug yuav ua tau nqaim heev - xws li cov lus nug ntawm tus kheej kev vam meej, lub sij hawm kev tswj, ua lag ua luam psychology. Lwm tus, txawm li cas los, muaj feem xyuam rau lub sab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov tsim los yog kev loj hlob ntawm tus neeg.

Tswv yim psychology thiab lwm yam ceg ntawm science

Li cas rau cov tswv yim kev sib raug zoo psychology? Tam sim no nws yuav ntshiab. Qhov tseeb yog tias kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov tswv yim psychology muaj kev koom tes nrog lwm cov chaw science. Yog li ntawd muaj cov ntawv tshiab kev lag luam uas yuav tau txais lawv cov npe, nyob ntawm seb nyob rau hauv dab tsi cheeb tsam nws siv. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib tug tswv yim psychology ntawm kev kawm ntawv, kev sib raug zoo, kev cai lij choj, kev kho mob, kev kawm ntawv los yog kev ua si. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog koom nyob rau hauv lub feature ua kom pom tseeb rau kev kawm tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev paub.

Txoj kev ntawm Applied Psychology

Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub thov teb nyob objectively scientific txoj kev, uas yog, thwmsim, tswvyim thiab kev ntsuam xyuas. Txoj kev ntawm kev kawm psychology nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog xam tias yog unsuitable. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm psychic kev muaj tiag ua tsis tau zoo rau qhov tiag xyaum. Qhov no yog kev lom zem ntau vim tib neeg subjectivity.

Txoj kev ntawm tswv yim psychology cais mus rau hauv ob hom:

• Cov - siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm kev puas siab ntsws nrog tus neeg mob nyob ib leeg. Seem no yog muaj psychoanalysis.
• Group - puas siab puas ntsws tswv yim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev kawm, kev kawm ntawv Gestalt pab pawg thiab lwm yam kev kho nyob rau hauv pab pawg ..

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb txoj kev no feem ntau borrowed los ntawm cov neeg lag luam uas no science yog ua hauj lwm thiab hais tias nws yog tsim. Piv txwv li, txoj kev borrowed los ntawm pedagogic qhov cuab lub zog thiab suggestion.

Txoj kev ntawm lub hlwb tswv yim, vim hais tias ntawm lub complexity thiab kev xwm, yuav tsum tau raug xam tias nyias. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws muaj xws li kev pab txhawb thiab psychotherapeutic ua hauj lwm.

lub tsev kawm ntawv

Cov nram qab no lub tsev kawm ntawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov tswv yim psychology:

• Psychoanalysis - thawj npaj thiab qhia los ntawm Sigmund Freud thiab tseem nyob rau hauv kev siv niaj hnub no. Raws li cov kev qhia kom paub thiab kawm txog tsis nco qab thiab irrational nrog drives.
• Behaviorism - cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv uas lub ntsiab kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog tsis rau pem, tab sis tus neeg mob tus cwj pwm. Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm lawv hloov los ntawm kev txawj ntse psychology.
• Cognitive psychology - teem rau lub peev xwm kev ntawm tib neeg lub siab: nco, mloog, lub tswv yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb uas muaj feem rau txoj kev kawm ntawm logic xav, kev txiav txim siab thiab cov teeb meem ntawm kev xaiv.
• Humanistic psychology - lub hauv paus yog, raws li lub npe implies, tib neeg, uas yog, txoj kev hlub ntawm tus txiv neej raws li ib tug neeg, tus nrog paub txog no cov cim thiab ib system. Raws li, qhov kev tshawb kom paub txog nws tus kheej-actualization thiab tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws adaptation rau zej zog, muaj tswv yim qhia, thiab lwm tus neeg.

kev kawm

Xav nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim psychology yuav tau txais kev kawm nyob rau hauv no specialization. nyob rau hauv cov coj kev taw qhia ntawm bachelors thiab masters npaj cov pej xeem thiab private, cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Ntxiv mus, qhov no sib yuav muab ntxiv rau qhov yooj yim profile ntawm cov kev kawm. Nws yog nyob rau no hauv paus npaj tiav, piv txwv li, lub Kirov lub koom haum ntawm Applied Psychology.

professions

Applied Psychology - ib tug seem ntawm kev txawj ntse, uas yog siv los ntawm cov hauv qab no trades:

• psychotherapist;
• tsheb loj thauj neeg-cob qhia;
• kev puas siab ntsws thiab ntaus kis las.

Thiab yog hais tias tus thawj muaj cov yooj yim puas siab puas ntsws tsim - ib tug prerequisite, ces, piv txwv li, ib tug cob qhia tej zaum yuav muaj tsuas ntxiv redesign. Qhov no yog ib tug prime piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas qhov suav hais tias kev qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub ntiaj teb no tiag thiab nws xav tau - mus Coach neeg ua hauj lwm promotivirovat thiab pab tus neeg kom cuag lub hom phiaj. Tswv yim thiab sawv nrees rau nws ob txhais taw ua hauj lwm. Los yog nws yog ua los yog tsis.

Raws li ib feem ntawm kev pab tswv yim ua hauj lwm - mus hais ncaj nraim nrog tus neeg mob tej teeb meem - kuj muab ib tug ntshiab thiab leej.

Tswv yim Psychology: Phau ntawv

Phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub kos duab muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev thiab cov uas tsis tseeb ib hom ntawv nyeem. Feem ntau lawv teb rau tej lus nug: yuav ua li cas to taub lawv xav li cas thiab xav tias lwm tus neeg; yuav ua li cas los kho koj tus kheej thiab lwm leej lwm tus? Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tsuas muaj tib txoj kev kawm ntaub ntawv (T. Gudkevich, "Tswv yim Psychology: ib cov kev taw qhia rau cov tshwj xeeb"; M. Gulina, "Counseling Psychology: ib phau ntawv") thiab xyaum tswj (D. Raigorodskii, "Counseling"; H. . Tarabrina, "Ib tug tswv yim qhia rau cov psychology ntawm post-traumatic lub kev nyuaj siab").