Kws muaj txuj ci mechanisms ntawm Freud nrog cov piv txwv. Psychology cov phau ntawv uas muaj nqis nyeem ntawv

Kws muaj txuj ci mechanisms Freud sawv cev rau tej paj hlwb lo lus teb rau lwm stimuli uas tshwm sim looj hlias. Distorting kev muaj tiag thiab falsifying nws xaav, lawv pab txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyuaj siab.

lub ntsiab txhais

Tiv mechanisms - nws yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tswv yim ntawm psychoanalysis, uas yog ib txoj kev ntawm yus tus kheej-kev tiv thaiv (uas yog, tus tiv thaiv ntawm nws "Kuv"), qhov tsis zoo tswj pulses uas xeeb los ntawm tib neeg nco qab. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm kev sib raug zoo cov kev cai thiab kev cai, uas, lawm, yuav muab siab rau tus neeg. Ib tug kws muaj txuj ci mechanism tsim los tiv thaiv cov neeg los ntawm cov tau txoj kev xav thiab kev ntxhov siab, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub disparity ntawm kev ntseeg thiab kev views ntawm tus txiv neej. Qhov no lub sij hawm twb xub voiced nyob rau hauv xyoo 1894 los ntawm lub npe nrov psychologist Sigmund Freud.

Hom ntawm kev tiv thaiv mechanisms

Vim tus neeg yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg hnov mob txawv los stimuli, kev nyuaj siab thiab puab impulses. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, cov nram qab no txog kev tiv thaiv mechanisms yuav qhia tau:

• xaav;
• projection;
• hloov;
• kev xav;
• cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim;
• regression;
• sublimation;
• tsis kam muab.

Basic thaj chaw ntawm tiv thaiv mechanisms

Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nta muaj kev tiv thaiv mechanisms Freud. Nrog piv txwv ntawm lub neej tiag tiag yog tsim nyog nyeem ntawv kom nkag siab txog qhov xwm ntawm no phenomenon. Yog li, tus tiv thaiv mechanisms muaj cov nram qab zog:

• yog ib hom ntawm nws tus kheej-deception, raws li manifested nyob rau hauv lub nco theem;
• distort lub xaav ntawm kev muaj tiag, uas yuav ua tau ntau heev tshaj dua tej rau tib neeg tshaj lub sij tam sim no kev hem thawj;
• sawv cev rau lub siab lub ntsws sab tshua mus ib puag ncig txheej xwm;
• tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev ntshai uas tsis zoo impulses yuav tsiv mus nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm meej pem.

xaav

Xav tus tiv thaiv mechanisms Freud, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws muaj nqis ntsoov teev cov xaav. Nws yog zoo ntawm lub hauv paus uas tom qab peev xwm yuav tsim ntau mechanisms. Tsuj yog ib tug "tsis nco qab" los yog "rho tawm" ntawm lub minds ntawm cov neeg txoj kev xav thiab kev xav uas ua rau puas siab puas ntsws tsis xis nyob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub cim xeeb yuav ploj cov txheej xwm uas preceded qhov kev raug mob.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias xaav yog tsis txog. Muaj yog ib txwm ib tug uas yuav hais tias qhov puas ntawm tsis kaj siab cov txheej xwm yuav ua txhaum tawm, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tau siv enormous nqi ntawm lub zog nyob rau hauv lawv cov hluav. Qhov no tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau koj tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus txiv neej. Txawm li cas los, txawm hais tias xaav mechanism load, stimulus yuav rov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug npau suav los yog npleem nyob rau hauv lub zos.

Kws muaj txuj ci mechanisms ntawm Freud yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag. Piv txwv li, ib tug dlej tus txiv, los ntawm virtue ntawm nws ncaj ncees hauv paus ntsiab lus, tsis pub rau cov tau ntxeev siab rau nws tus poj niam. Nws xav displaces xws xav thiab u. Cuaj kaum, nws yog tau hais tias nyob rau hauv ib tug npau suav nws yuav siv sij hawm yog ib feem nyob rau hauv lub pleasures ntawm ib tug coj txawv txawv tus poj niam.

projection

Nyob rau hauv stressful lub sijhawm yuav luag ib txwm txhais tiv thaiv mechanisms. Freud rau lub thib ob qhov chaw yog ib tug projection. Nws lub ntsiab lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov neeg ua hauj lwm ceev lawv cov kev xav, kev xav thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm lub neej mus rau lwm tus neeg. Yog li, nws tsis dais tej liam thiab lub luag hauj lwm rau lawv tus kheej failures thiab tej teeb meem.

Raws li ib qho piv txwv, ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv los yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv uas yog tsis npaj rau cov tub ntxhais. Ib tug phem kos, nws yog sim mus nrhiav pov thawj prejudicial kev kho mob nyob rau ib feem ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Yog hais tias peb tham txog ncaws pob, nyob rau hauv lawv swb, lawv feem ntau liam cov neeg pluag zoo ntawm cov kev ua si cov khoom, ua si teb thiab tsis ncaj ncees refereeing.

hloov

Xav cov piv txwv ntawm lub hlwb defenses, yuav tsis quav ntsej cov kev hloov. Nws mechanism yog kom xu xim ntawm hem kom lwm tus kwv. Cov feem ntau cov tawm piv txwv ntawm no mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim - nws yog ib tug me nyuam, kuv niam kuv txiv rau txim rau ib tug prank. Tsis tau teb rau lawv, nws yuav siv sij hawm tawm nws npau taws rau ib tug me ntsis tij laug los yog tus muam, roj hmab nws los yog rhuav cov khoom ua si.

Cov hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog xam qhovkev tsis tau tsuas yog cov me nyuam tab sis kuj muaj ntau cov neeg laus. Piv txwv li, neeg ua hauj lwm yog feem ntau raug mus tawm tsam thiab thuam nyob rau ib feem ntawm kev tswj. Ntshai poob ib txoj hauj lwm tsis tau ua ntej cov tub ceev xwm teb cov lus. Txawm li cas los, los tsev, lawv muaj peev xwm qhib siab aggression rau lawv tsev neeg.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias ib co neeg es peculiar siv cov kev hloov mechanism. Yog tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov xwm, lawv yuav tsis qhib siab rau lawv aggression nyob rau Hmoob, thiab yog li ntawd pib mus suppress lawv tus kheej. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov neeg suppress lub siab lub ntsws nws tus kheej, pib nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej-kev thuam thiab nws tus kheej-flagellation.

kev xav

Puas siab puas ntsws kev tiv thaiv raws li ib txoj kev los daws kev nyuaj siab yuav manifest nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev xav. Qhov no yog ib tug txhob txwm distortion ntawm kev muaj tiag nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj ib theem siab ntawm nws tus kheej-kheej. Muaj yog ib txoj kev xav, uas yog tsim los mus nrhiav pov thawj irrational tus cwj pwm. Ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau cov tawm cov piv txwv ntawm xws li ib tug mechanism yuav pom txawm nyob rau hauv lub fables ntawm Aesop. Nws qhia txog ib tug hma liab, uas muaj peev xwm tsis cuag cov ceg ntawm cov hmab. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nrhiav pov thawj nws tsis ua hauj lwm, nws hais tias lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tseem unripe.

Zoo li cov piv txwv muaj nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Piv txwv li, ib tug poj niam yog tsis ib txwm reciprocated mloog thiab tu yus tus txiv neej. Tsis kam mus txais qhov tseeb, tus txiv neej muaj peev xwm hais tau nws tus kheej ntawm nws unattractiveness, los yog disseminate defamatory taug xaiv. Lwm qhov teeb meem yog hais txog tus menyuam kawm ntawv lub neej. Piv txwv li, yog ib tug neeg thov kev pab ua tsis tau tejyam ua rau ib tug kev lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws pib mus hais lawv tus kheej thiab lwm tus neeg uas lub profession nws yog tsis nthuav.

cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim

Tob psychology Freud kuj tseem ceeb ib tug mechanism xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim. Nws yog pom tau hais rau theem ob:

• ib tug hluav los yog tsis tsim nyog tsis zoo mem tes;
• subconsciously tsim impulses ntawm qhov opposite cov ntsiab lus.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, xws mechanisms yog noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej. Yog li, nws yog suav tias yog kev nyob rau hauv lub zej zog qhia kev sib deev. Yog li ib tug poj niam muaj ib tug zoo li feature, sim nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev uas suppress nws nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej. Yuav kom tau ib tug zoo pej xeem cov duab, tej zaum nws yuav txawm pab ib tug staunch fighter rau kev ua thiab ethics. Tib yam siv rau cov txiv neej uas kawg opposed to homosexual kev sib raug zoo, thiab lawv tus kheej nyiag muaj zoo xws li cov tendencies.

regression

Regression - qhov no yog lwm tiv thaiv mechanism. Psychology piav nws raws li ib tug rov qab mus rau thaum yau tus cwj pwm nrog lub aim los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm shocks thiab kev nyuaj siab. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nws yog ib qhov uas muaj hnub nyoog yog lub feem ntau nyiam thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub xaav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Piv txwv li, feem ntau yooj yim daim ntawv ntawm cov regression yuav suav hais tias quaj.

sublimation

Puas siab puas ntsws kev tiv thaiv mechanisms Freud kuj muaj xws li sublimation. Qhov no mechanism tso cai ib tug neeg hloov nws impulses thiab cov xeeb ceem li ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau qhia nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas yog siv tau nyob rau hauv zej zog. Nyob rau hauv psychology, sublimation yog xam raws li lub feem ntau noj qab nyob zoo thiab kom zoo tiv thaiv mechanism. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias tus txiv neej yog tsis khi nyob rau hauv lub manifestation ntawm lawv impulses, tiam sis tsuas yog hloov qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov cuav.

Freud, muab lub tseem ntawm nws txoj kev xav, yog peculiar rau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau cov sublimation ntawm kev sib deev instinct. Nws yog qhov no tshwm sim, nws txuas tau lub zoo kawg sawv ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab science, uas originated nyob rau hauv Western teb chaws Europe. Yog hais tias qhov no mechanism yog mus tsim ib tug niaj hnub muaj tiag, peb yuav pabneeg li ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov hluas uas lawv unrealized kev sib deev xav tau kev pab yog sublimated nyob rau hauv ntaus pob ncaws pob achievements.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias muaj ntau nkaum nws, feem ntau heev koj yuav tau raws li cov neeg uas muaj sadistic. Yog li, cov tib neeg nrog xws li sib txawv tej zaum yuav zoo los ua ib tug muaj kev vam meej kws phais neeg. Raws li xws u yuav sublimated rau kev sau detective novels.

tsis kam muab

Tiv mechanisms ntawm tus raws li Freud muaj xws li ib tug keeb xws li ib tug tsis kam muab. Nws cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias ib tug neeg categorically tsis kam kom paub txog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov teeb meem cov nyom txheej xwm. Cov feem ntau cov tawm piv txwv yuav raug suav hais tias yog tus me nyuam lub tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tus tuag ntawm ib tug tus tsiaj uas nkawv. Nws tsis kam los txais qhov kev tsis tau, ntseeg hais tias tus tsiaj yog tseem qhov chaw nyob ze. Ib tug zoo xws li cov piv txwv yuav tau them poob ntawm ib tug neeg hlub ib tug. Tsis kam txais lub cuab yuav tsim mus rau hauv ib tug kev cai dab qhuas kev ntseeg tias ib tug txheeb ze tam sim no nyob rau hauv saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, los yog nws tus ntsuj plig yog tseem tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub tsev.

Feem ntau tsis kam mechanism yog txhais thaum nws tawm los rau kev kho mob. Yog li ntawd, puas muaj cov tsos mob ntawm ib tug kab mob, ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm tsuas las mees lawv, hais tau rau kuv tus kheej hais tias nws yuav tsis tshwm sim zoo li no. Ib tug zoo xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj cai rau ib tug twb paub tseeb hais tias mob.

Phau ntawv rau psychology, uas yog tsim nyog nyeem

Tam sim no los yog yav tom ntej, leej twg pib yuav txaus siab nyob rau hauv no los yog lwm mechanisms nco qab thiab subconsciousness. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev uas yuav tau ntsib nrog rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub psychologist Sigmund Freud. Phau ntawv, tib neeg psychology uas yog zoo tshaj plaws uas muaj tuaj yog:

• "Ua psychoanalysis" - qhov no yog ib lub npe nrov tshaj cov phau ntawv, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no ua hauj lwm yog suav hais tias yog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm Freud lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Muaj teem tawm lub ntsiab cai ntawm uas muaj ib tug decisive cawv rau cov kev loj hlob ntxiv tsis tsuas yog ntawm psychology thiab cov tshuaj, tab sis kuj cov ntaub ntawv.
• "Txhais Npau Suav" - ib tug monumental ua hauj lwm, uas kuj yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Ntawm no yog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Freud mem muj qus ib feem ntawm lub siab uas tswj cov tib neeg instincts, tab sis tsis yooj yim rau txoj kev kawm. Ntawm no, suav hais tias lub symbolism ntawm kev npau suav, nws yuav pab kom to taub cov teeb meem, kev ntshai thiab kev ntshaw ntawm tus neeg.
• "Psychopathology ntawm txhua txhua hnub lub neej" - Qhov no yog tus thib ob monumental txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Freud. Cov phau ntawv yog ib yam mus rau lub hnub tam sim no, thiab yog li ntawd yog tus yuam sij rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm psychology. Lub homphiaj yog rau tsis nco qab motives, uas tsis tsuas yog yuav ua raws li ib tug stimulus, tab sis feem ntau kuj ua rau puas siab puas ntsws mob.
• "Kuv thiab Nws" - ib yam ntawm cov sau los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm psychologists uas yuav suav hais tias lub culmination ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Nws yog tsis yooj yim los mus piav txog lub ntsiab cai ntawm psychoanalysis, tab sis kuj tseem tau nthuav lawv qhov chaw thiab substantiate.
• "Totem thiab taboo" - ib tug ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas Freud, relying rau nws tus kheej kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb xav, ua kom hle cov teeb meem ntawm genesis. Yog li, tus sau chaw nyob rau hauv lub qhov teeb meem ntawm kab lis kev cai, kev ntseeg, morality, kev cai lij choj thiab lwm yam ntawm cov haiv neeg.
• "Psychology ntawm lub masses thiab tsom xam ntawm tus tib neeg" Kuv "- yog ib tug ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas Freud siv ib tug yuav tsum muaj ua hauj lwm rau tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg coob coob kuj clarified qhov xav tau ntawm lub masses nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ..
• "Sau ntawv rau tus psychology ntawm kev sib deev" - ib tug sau nyob rau hauv uas lub psychologist seb puas tsimnyog tau rhiab ntau yam kev kawm. Ntawm no koj yuav kawm tau txog qhov xwm thiab ua rau intimate deviations nyiam perversion thiab sadism, rho, thiab hais txog. N.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias qhov no yog tsis yog txhua txhua psychology cov phau ntawv uas muaj nqis nyeem ntawv. Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kawm ua hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov tub txawg uas muaj ib tug me ntsis txawv saib ntawm tej yam uas tshaj Freud.

tshawb pom

Kws muaj txuj ci mechanisms ntawm Freud yog tsi ntawm ib tug tsis nco qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yog tshuab txais nyob rau hauv stressful lub sijhawm los yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm ntshai heev txawm. Tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi hom ntawm barrier yog tshuab txais nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yog hais txog mus rau lub loj nqi ntawm lub zog, uas overwhelmingly muaj feem xyuam rau lub ego. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov ntau npaum yog ib tug mechanism, lub loj lub zog inputs nws yuav tsum tau, thiab qhov ntau distorted lub hom phiaj kev muaj tiag.

Muab qhov xwm ntawm tus mem muj qus defensive tshua, tsis txhua leej txhua tus muaj peev xwm tswj tau nws. Txawm li cas los, thiab pom cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm ib tug teeb meem, tus neeg tej zaum yuav muaj txhob txwm tshaj tawm resorting rau nws nyob rau hauv ib tug stressful teeb meem no. Undue tso siab rau cov txheej txheem no yog tsis tsim nyog, vim hais tias nws yuav lig heev av rau cov emergence ntawm puas siab puas ntsws tej teeb meem.