SU-24 bomber yam ntxwv (yees duab)

Feem ntau yeej tsis yog ib tug dav hlau raug mus rau ntau uas nws kim heev tsim kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub tsim cov txheej txheem tshaj lub Su-24. Tus yam ntxwv ntawm no pem hauv ntej-line bomber neeg (Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci) yog lossi demanded ntau dua thiab ntau dua, thiab aircraft designers yuav tsum tau hais ntau ntau zaus kho tsis tau tsuas yog private kev daws teeb meem, tab sis kuj zuag qhia tag nrho conceptual moj khaum. Cov ua zoo tshaj cov miv nyuas: lub ntaus ntawv tau muab rau lub yeeb koob thiab, kuv tau mus los ntawm nws lub neej, yog nyob rau hauv coob txawm nyob rau hauv lub thib peb Millennium.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab tej yam txaus siab

lub ntiaj teb no yog nyob rau hauv lub tuav ntawm "hysteria missile" Nyob rau hauv lub fifties. Tub rog theorists xav hais tias lub aircraft li tej yam zog, yog hais tias tsis tag obsolete, ces yeej, yam tsawg kawg, tau poob lawv cov tseem ceeb heev tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv niaj hnub ua rog. Nyob rau hauv cov lus xaus nkaus focused thiab nres aircraft. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog heev loj nteev taw tes ntawm view tsis muab qhia los ntawm tag nrho cov, thiab nres aircraft txoj kev loj hlob yog tseem yuav mus nyob rau. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov nyiaj txiag cov nyiaj khaws tseg CB PO Sukhoi twb koom nyob rau hauv lub adaptation ntawm cov zoo heev Su-7 muab nws lub peev xwm ntawm kev sib ntaus los missions los pab txhawb av troops nyob rau hauv cov nyom cov huab cua puag. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov hloov ntawm cov neeg ua hauj yeej tsim heev ib lub tsheb tshiab, thiab cov version ntawm cov kev txhim kho ntawm lub qub twb yees ua rau tog ua hauj lwm mus kom "techies" nws general kab. Peb pom tau hais tias ntau yam kev xaiv rau layout, noj mus rau hauv tus account tau muab txoj electronics, tsis muaj uas niaj hnub nres yuav tsis tau ib tug formidable quab yuam.

muaj tswv yim nrhiav

Cov tshwm sim ntawm kev muaj tswv yim tsim txom los ua thawj Su-15, nruab nrog "Orion" tag nrho cov-huab cua navigation system. Tab sis cov tub rog yuav tsum tau los ua tougher, lawv tam sim no yuav tsum tau tua aircraft yuav coj tawm los ntawm ib tug av sawb, thiab luv luv. Optimizing txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho tau ntxiv ntxiv xyaw, lifting lub aircraft coj tawm. Tab sis nws tsis yog hais tias. OS Samoylovich, Project Manager, puzzled tshaj daws teeb meem ntawm lub rebus. Ib tug clue tuaj, oddly txaus, los ntawm ib tug neeg tus yeeb ncuab.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv 1964, Khrushchev nyuam qhuav muab tshem tawm, thiab cov tshiab coj noj coj ua xav tsis yog li ntawd, romantic, tab sis pragmatic. Vim warplanes dua tau txais tag nrho cov nyiaj txiag. Samoylovich Designer ya mus rau Paris rau Aerospace Exhibition. Nws pom ib yam dab tsi interesting.

Ib tug neeg American nyob rau hauv Paris

Lawv saib zoo heev - cov American F-111 thiab peb SU-24. Diam duab, cov yam ntxwv thiab kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov ob dav hlau nyob ze ze. Nyob rau hauv ib lub siab, Samoylovich ua ib tug tib neeg txais ntawm lub dav layout tswvyim, txawm li cas los, yog heev justified. Lub tuam txhab "General Dynamics" yog txaus siab muab lawv cov offspring nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb qhia tau tias nyob rau hauv Le Bourget. Saib cov aircraft yuav Sawv daws tab sis cov thawj ntawm cov designer laus tuaj ze rau nws. Ces nws coj nws tus "noj" thiab nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd pom tau hais li cas rau Su-24. Photo F-111 aircraft nyob rau hauv Moscow xam tau tias yog ua tib zoo engineers admired rivals kev txawj thiab tswv yim rau dab tsi nws pom.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov tseeb hais tias tus tsim ntawm "raug nyiag lawm" los ntawm tus neeg Mis Kas, thiab yuav tsis muaj lo lus nug. Secrets ntawm lub tuam txhab "General Dynamics" yuav tsum muab, thiab yog hais tias tus soviets muaj kev nkag tau mus rau nws, ces nws tau tshwm sim ntau npaum li cas tom qab ntawd. Meanwhile OS Samoylovich txaus thiab tsos. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, sau rau nws kos duab, cov neeg Loos, "zoo nkauj ntse."

general schematic

Ntxiv hoisting xyaw, txo khiav-off tshuab nrog, tau raug lees paub tias los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Lawv ua hauj lwm xwb nyob rau hauv thawj ob peb lub vib nas this thiab yuav tsum nqa lawv cov dav hlau tag nrho cov sij hawm. Lwm yam - lub nce mus nce los cheb tis, cov kev pab cuam yuav nyiam thaum lub sij hawm ib tug kev sib ntaus los lub hom phiaj, transforming nres nyob rau hauv txawv kev ceev hom.

Txawm li cas los, muaj ib co teeb meem nrog tej caj npab, uas yuav nqa ib tug sab nraud load ntawm lub Su-24. Bomber txiav coj lub pylons ntawm cuaj luaj thiab bombs thaum uas tig mus rau lub vector ntawm lub chav kawm - nws yuav tsum tau pom zoo tshwj xeeb electromechanical system. Khab seeb compartment rau ob antennas radar enabled haib BREA qhov chaw, uas yog tsis nyob rau hauv yav dhau los cov qauv ntawm cov aircraft los pab txhawb frontline Sukhoi. Tab sis lub ntsiab teeb meem yog tuaj.

nastilnyj davhlau

Sij hawm ntawm tactical bomber yog kom lwm puas tsuaj rau tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau (txog li 800 km), nyob ze rau pem hauv ntej. Yuav kom siv no ua hauj lwm, koj yuav tsum muaj cov kev muaj peev xwm los mus kov yeej huab cua tiv thaiv ciam teb, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv nws yuav predictably nqa lub siab tshaj plaws kuj. Nyob rau hauv lub sixties lub radars twb tsis raws li zoo meej raws li nws yog hnub no, thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm low-level "pom" yog tsis ib txwm rooj plaub. Tib yam siv rau plav radars uas yuav tsis paub qhov txawv tej yam khoom nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lub ntiaj teb. American F-111 ya mus rau ntawm tsawg tsawg qhov chaw siab tshaj, Skirting lub struts. Qhov no yog lub hom phiaj teem rau lub Su-24 designers. Nta kev kub ceev yog tsis poob, nws xav tau ib tug tej yam "supersonic" txawm thaum lub sij hawm lub grazing davhlau.

muaj ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg chaw khuam siab enveloping system ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ob hom - ceev thiab tsis siv. Xav lub elemental puag 60 (dua li teeb) nyob xwb cheering no tau zoo.

Roj noj thiab kev sib ntaus los voos kheej-kheej

Nyob rau hauv cov thaum ntxov xyoo, qhov teeb meem ntawm roj economy sorely sawv. Txawm li cas los, kerosene noj tau los ib tug tseem ceeb heev taw qhia - lub ntau yam. Yuav kom nce nws, yuav tsum tau ib tug revolutionary tshuaj - kev hloov mus rau npaum bypass xyaw. Nyob rau hauv lub afterburner hom, lawv tsim tsawg thrust dua pa Turbojet, tab sis, raws li kev qhia tau hais tias, tactical bomber tau ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv ceev yog yuav luag tsis xav tau. Vim tshwj xeeb tsav twb koom tsim Bureau me nyuam txaj thiab Tumansky ( "Saturn"). Lawv yog npaj thiaj tau tuaj rau lub Su-24. Combat aircraft ntau nce ho - nws tau ua zoo tshaj tsib puas kis lus mev.

Zaum sab ntawm sab ...

Yuav luag tag nrho cov tactical bombers thiab nres aircraft los ntawm ob ntiaj teb rog thiab cov nram qab no xyoo muaj ib tug tandem layout ntawm cov neeg coob. Tsob nroj tsav, navigator los yog neeg teb xov tooj tshuab caj npab successive sim hawm caij nyoog designers xav txo lub fuselage ntoo khaub lig-section. Yog li ntawd txo aerodynamic luag. Tsis tas li ntawd, kuv tau tus nqi thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov luaj li cas, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm anti-aircraft artillery, nrog ib tug frontal nres. Tiag tiag kev tshwm sim yog qhov kev tso kawm ntawm ob pab pawg neeg tom ntej no mus rau txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub American F-111. Qhov no tswvyim OS Samoylovich txiav txim siab los thov rau lub Su-24. Alarm yees duab qhia tau hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm lub tswj kov thiab co-neeg tsav tsheb, tab sis yog nws yog dog dig tsawg tshaj li tus tsav. Safety xav txog kev teem koj hais kuv sau ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuaj ntsuam uas cais thaum lub sij hawm ncaws rooj, tab sis tom qab nws muab tawm hais tias cov kev uas yuav raug mob tsav tshuav nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau yog tsawg heev. Cov kev pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus tsav thiab lub navigator yog npaum li cas relieved, muaj yog ib tug "kev xav ntawm comradeship".

Cav thiab titanium hluav taws kub

Nyob rau specifications Su-24 ho muaj kev cuam tshuam lub cav xaiv. Tus thawj cov ntawv luam twb tiav "khoom tooj 85," piv txwv li, reactive turbine AL-21F, nyob rau hauv lub compressor yog siv titanium qhov chaw. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog check heev thiab yooj yim, tab sis tus tsim ntawm lub cav designers tsis tau xam tau tias yog ib co ntawm nws cov nta. Lub cua sov ntawm lub turbine tuaj ua rau lawv elongation, thiab ces kov lawv peripheral npoo ntawm lub vaj tse. Qhov no tshwm sim, hu ua "titanium hluav taws", uas ua rau yuav luag instantaneous combustion ntawm lub tag nrho aircraft, thiab nrhiav kom tau qhov ua tsis yog tam sim ntawd khees.

Nws thiaj li, tom qab ob peb npaj siab kom pab tau lwm lawm engine, KB tau txiav txim siab los fine-tuning ntawm lub AL-21F, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev siv.

teb cog txiv

Tus thawj davhlau ntawm cov chiv keeb, tau lub Performance index T6-1, nyob rau hauv 1967, tsa cov Test Pilot Ilyushin BC, tus tub ntawm tus naas ej aircraft designer. Qhov kev kuaj ntawd yog kev vam meej, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev txhim kho ua khees loj yam ntxwv tsis xws luag. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ntev thiab nyuaj rau lawv lub sij hawm poob lawm kaum lub tsheb (7 ntawm lawv - vim engine txoj kev loj hlob uas tsis). Tsuas yog rau ib hnub nyob rau hauv 1973 (Lub yim hli ntuj 28) KB poob ob prototypes. Tej zaum yog lub project yog tsis tseem ceeb rau tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub teb chaws, nws yuav muab kaw cia tom qab thiaj li muaj ntau failures. Tab sis OS Samoylovich ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub Su-24, tus yam ntxwv uas cog lus tias yuav zoo heev. Thiab lub xeem txuas ntxiv raws li kev ua hauj lwm kom tshem tawm cov uas tau txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv failures.

Shock foob pob hwj chim

Foob pob bay, raws li txwv mus rau American F-111, lub aircraft yog tsis txawm peem rau nrog tag nrho cov hom ntawm riam phom yog nyob rau ntawm yim pylons, plaub uas - ventral. Ob tug haib xyaw muab ib lub sij hawm mus nqa pa thiab tshwj xeeb (nuclear los yog tshuaj) munitions, xws li muaj hwj huam. Yog li, qhov kev ncua nyob rau hauv ib tug taag ib feem ntawm lub tis yog npaj rau tej tawg hem uas ib nrab ib tug ton. Ntau haiv neeg qhov xwm ntawm tus Su-24 riam phom. Combat load uas mus txog yim tons yuav muaj xws li unguided tej tawg hem los correctable (xws li laser-coj), NAR blocks, ntim los yog cassettes. Los tuav xws li ib tug ntau yam, lub pylons yog nruab nrog adapters thiab ntxiv kab teeb. Tab sis tsis tau tsuas yog tej tawg hem yuav ntaus tus Su-24 bomber uas yuav tsum tau hu ua thiab submarines.

cuaj luaj

Qhov teeb meem ntawm suppressing yeeb ncuab cua defenses tam inseparably txuas nrog lub nrhiav kom tau thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm radar noj nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw - antennas emitters-receivers. Nyob rau hauv America, anti-radar cuaj luaj "Shpayk" (1963) tau tsim rau lub hom phiaj no, uas cov kev taw qhia system yog teem rau khaus high-zaus radar tawg. Ib tug zoo xws li cov missile X-28 twb tsim nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union - kom tiav lawv cov aircraft riam phom systems ntawm cov Su-24. Combat tuition ntawm no munition feem ntau lug qhia tawm nyob rau hauv khub emission ntawm ob bomber, thawj "timed" locators "Feline" system, thiab lub thib ob thov ncaj qha dhau, twb paub tsis txog cov cab kuj zaus emitters. Coj cuaj luaj X-23 ntxias xov tooj cua hais kom ua txhais tau tias.

Muaj ntau ntau variants ntawm riam phom cuaj luaj Su-24. Photography aircraft nruab nrog cassettes Nursaya los yog missile P-60 ( "cov huab cua-rau-cua"), qhia cov versatility ntawm tus tau daim ntaub ntawv bomber, xws li tiv thaiv plav lub hom phaj. Tag nrho cov interceptor nws, ntawm chav kawm, muaj peev xwm tsis muaj npe, tab sis kuj nti xam tau tias yog tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau hauv lub ntuj.

Tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub designers thiab artillery riam phom. SU-24, nruab nrog 23-millimeter-sextuple GSH 6-23M (ua-nyob rau hauv). Nws yog ua tau rau kom cov ua hauj lwm zoo firepower los ntawm qhov chaw lub tshem tawm sai-phom mounts (peb ntau) nyob rau hauv sab nraud ntshav ncua.

Cov khoom no "44"

Kev vam meej kev tshuab yog destined rau ib ntev lub neej, raws li los ntawm cov me nyuam no los mus txhim kho nws tsim. Nws tshwm sim nrog cov Su-24 aircraft. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci ntawm lub USSR, twb nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm kev kho. Tshwj xeeb yog tseem ceeb yog cov teeb meem ntawm kev txhim kho avionics thiab muaj peev xwm yuav ua tau kom qhov loj ntawm lub payload. Tus tshiab kev hloov kho, uas thaum lub Novosibirsk Aviation tsob nroj nyob rau hauv 1979 hu ua "khoom 44", nyob rau hauv 1981, pib ntws mus rau hauv cov tub rog units nyob rau hauv lub code ntawm cov kev Su-24M. Teb, tus qauv tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv 1983. Nws yog hnyav dua qhov chiv keeb, tab sis tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub davhlau cov ntaub ntawv muab khaws cia tseg zoo kawg li agility raug ntawm ib tug "dawb huv" Su-24. Nta tso cai rau koj mus ua txawm aerobatics, ntawd pem hauv ntej-line bomber tsawg zoo.

Ib qho tseem ceeb innovation yog lub sij hawm, thiab nyob rau hauv-flight refuelling. Yuav kom nws pilots yuav tsum tau siv tau rau hauv thaum ntxov eighties, tom qab ua hauj lwm du txheej txheem ntawm mus kom ze rau lub khob hliav qab hose tanker, tiam sis lub ntsiab pov thawj lub dag zog. Lub voos kheej-kheej ntawm cov kev sib ntaus los siv tam sim no npog tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe (thaum lub sij hawm takeoff ntawm WGF airfield) thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov teb chaws Asia.

Su-24 thiab cov tshiab xyoo pua

Thiab nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm peb Millennium, tsis muaj dab tsi cov ntsiab lus rau qhov tseeb hais tias tsis ntev yuav mus rau "zoo-deserved so," Su-24. Cov yam ntxwv yog zoo li no hais tias kev sib ntaus los missions, nws yuav muaj tseeb ua rau ntau xyoo. Nws muaj ib lub caij nyoog los ua ib co sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv ob peb lub tsis sib haum uas sawv tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR. Lub aircraft muaj ib tug rugged airframe, haib xyaw thiab ib tug dav arsenal. Nyob hauv ib lub qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 200 meters, nws yuav ya ntawm speeds mus txog 1400 km / h. SU-24 nruab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb cawm neeg coob txhais tau tias. Nws tseem yuav tau mus ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub tsev lub teb chaws.